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aclocal(1) -- automatically generate aclocal.m4 from configure.in
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Automake includes a number of Autoconf macros which can be used in your package; some of them are actually required by Automake in certain situations. These macros must be defined in your aclocal.m4; ... |
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addr2line(1) -- convert addresses into file names and line numbers.
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addr2line translates program addresses into file names and line numbers. Given an address and an executable, it uses the debugging information in the executable to figure out which file name and line ... |
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apropos(1) -- search the manual page names and descriptions
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Each manual page has a short description available within it. apropos searches the descriptions for instances of keyword. keyword is usually a regular expression, as if (-r) was used, or may contain w... |
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apt-extracttemplates(1) -- Utility to extract DebConf config and templates from Debian packages
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apt-extracttemplates will take one or more Debian package files as input and write out (to a temporary directory) all associated config scripts and template files. For each passed in package that cont... |
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apt-ftparchive(1) -- Utility to generate index files
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apt-ftparchive is the command line tool that generates the index files that APT uses to access a distribution source. The index files should be generated on the origin site based on the content of tha... |
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apt-sortpkgs(1) -- Utility to sort package index files
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apt-sortpkgs will take an index file (Source index or Package index) and sort the records so that they are ordered by the package name. It will also sort the internal fields of each record according t... |
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aptitude(1) -- high-level interface to the package manager.
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aptitude is a text-based interface to the Debian GNU/Linux package system. It allows the user to view the list of packages and to perform package management tasks such as installing, upgrading, and re... |
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ar(1) -- create, modify, and extract from archives
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The GNU ar program creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive is a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve the original individ... |
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arch(1) -- print machine architecture
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arch is equivalent to uname -m. On current Linux systems, arch prints things such as "i386", "i486", "i586", "alpha", "sparc", "arm", "m68k", "mips", "ppc". |
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as(1) -- the portable GNU assembler.
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GNU as is really a family of assemblers. If you use (or have used) the GNU assembler on one architecture, you should find a fairly similar environment when you use it on another architecture. Each ver... |
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at(1) -- queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution
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at and batch read commands from standard input or a specified file which are to be executed at a later time, using /bin/sh. at executes commands at a specified time. atq lists the user's pending jobs... |
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autoconf(1) -- creates scripts to configure source code packages using templates
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To create configure from configure.in, run the autoconf program with no arguments. autoconf processes configure.ac with the m4 macro processor, using the Autoconf macros. If you give autoconf an argum... |
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autoconf2.13(1) -- creates scripts to configure source code packages using templates
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To create configure from configure.in, run the autoconf2.13 program with no arguments. autoconf2.13 processes configure.in with the m4 macro processor, using the Autoconf macros. If you give autoconf2... |
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autoheader(1) -- creates a template file of C #define's for use by configure.
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The autoheader program can create a template file of C #define statements for configure to use. If configure.ac invokes AC_CON- FIG_HEADER(FILE), autoheader creates FILE.in; if multiple file arguments... |
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autoheader2.13(1) -- creates a template file of C #define's for use by configure.
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The autoheader2.13 program can create a template file of C #define statements for configure to use. If configure.in invokes AC_CON- FIG_HEADER(FILE), autoheader2.13 creates FILE.in; if multiple file a... |
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automake(1) -- automatically create Makefile.in's from Makefile.am's
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To create all the Makefile.ins for a package, run the automake program in the top level directory, with no arguments. automake will automatically find each appropriate Makefile.am (by scanning configu... |
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autoproject(1) -- create a skeleton source package for a new program
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autoproject simplifies the creation of a source package for a new program. The idea is that you execute autoproject just once when you start a new project. It will create a new directory and populate ... |
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autoreconf(1) -- update configure scripts
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|
If you have a lot of Autoconf-generated configure scripts, the autore- conf program can save you some work. It runs autoconf (and autoheader, where appropriate) repeatedly to remake the Autoconf confi... |
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autoreconf2.13(1) -- update configure scripts
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|
If you have a lot of Autoconf-generated configure scripts, the autore- conf2.13 program can save you some work. It runs autoconf2.13 (and autoheader2.13, where appropriate) repeatedly to remake the Au... |
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autoscan(1) -- help to create a configure.ac file for a software package
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The autoscan program can help you create a configure.ac file for a software package. autoscan examines source files in the directory tree rooted at a directory given as a command line argument, or the... |
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autoscan2.13(1) -- help to create a configure.in file for a software package
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The autoscan2.13 program can help you create a configure.in file for a software package. autoscan2.13 examines source files in the directory tree rooted at a directory given as a command line argument... |
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autoupdate(1) -- updates an old configure.in file to version 2
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The autoupdate program updates a configure.in file that calls Autoconf macros by their old names to use the current macro names. In version 2 of Autoconf, most of the macros were renamed to use a more... |
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autoupdate2.13(1) -- updates an old configure.in file to version 2
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The autoupdate2.13 program updates a configure.in file that calls Autoconf macros by their old names to use the current macro names. In version 2 of Autoconf, most of the macros were renamed to use a ... |
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basename(1) -- strip directory and suffix from filenames
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Print NAME with any leading directory components removed. If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
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bash(1) -- GNU Bourne-Again SHell
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Bash is an sh-compatible command language interpreter that executes commands read from the standard input or from a file. Bash also incorporates useful features from the Korn and C shells (ksh and csh... |
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bashbug(1) -- report a bug in bash
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bashbug is a shell script to help the user compose and mail bug reports concerning bash in a standard format. bashbug invokes the editor specified by the environment variable EDITOR on a temporary cop... |
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bison(1) -- GNU Project parser generator (yacc replacement)
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Bison is a parser generator in the style of yacc(1). It should be upwardly compatible with input files designed for yacc. Input files should follow the yacc convention of ending in .y. Unlike yacc, th... |
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bobo(1) -- Publish Python objects on web servers (command line version)
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|
This manual page documents briefly the bobo command. This manual page was written for the Debian GNU/Linux distribution because the original program does not have a manual page. The command-line inter... |
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bsd-csh(1) -- a shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax
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csh is a command language interpreter incorporating a history mechanism (see History substitutions), job control facilities (see Jobs), interactive file name and user name completion (see File name co... |
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builtins(1) -- bash built-in commands, see bash(1)
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c++filt(1) -- Demangle C++ and Java symbols.
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The C++ and Java languages provides function overloading, which means that you can write many functions with the same name (providing each takes parameters of different types). All C++ and Java functi... |
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c2man(1) -- generate manual pages from C source code
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c2man reads C source code files in which comments have been strategically placed, and outputs manual page(s) documenting each function defined or declared (via a prototype), and optionally each variab... |
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c2ph(1) -- Dump C structures as generated from "cc -g -S" stabs
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The following is the old c2ph.doc documentation by Tom Christiansen Date: 25 Jul 91 08:10:21 GMT Once upon a time, I wrote a program called pstruct. It was a perl program that tried... |
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c89(1) -- ANSI (1989) C compiler
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Calls the C compiler (cc) with the given options , using a C language environment compatible with the -ansiC specification. This includes proper handling of trigraphs, disabling non-ANSI compiler feat... |
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calendar(1) -- reminder service
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|
Calendar checks the current directory for a file named calendar and displays lines that begin with either today's date or tomorrow's. On Fridays, events on Friday through Monday are displayed. If th... |
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captoinfo(1) -- convert a termcap description into a terminfo description
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|
captoinfo looks in file for termcap descriptions. For each one found, an equivalent terminfo description is written to standard output. Termcap tc capabilities are translated directly to terminfo use ... |
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cat(1) -- concatenate files and print on the standard output
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|
Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output. -A, --show-all equivalent to -vET -b, --number-nonblank number nonblank output lines -e equivalent to -vE -E, --show-ends display $ at end o... |
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catchsegv(1) -- Catch segmentation faults in programs
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Used to debug segmentation faults in programs. The output is the content of registers, plus a backtrace. Basically you call your program and its arguments as the arguments to catchsegv. |
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ccmtcnvt(1) -- convert C++ comments to C comments
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This program converts the C++ style comments into traditional C style comments. C++ allows comments of that begin with `//' and end with the next newline, but they weren't introduced to the C langua... |
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cdecl(1) -- decode C type declarations
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|
The cdecl utility decodes C type declarations producing a verbose description. Casts are accepted as well. The options are as follows: -o file Set the output destination to file. -V Print version info... |
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cflow(1) -- print a function call hierarchy
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|
The cflow command reads files as program source and attempts to print a graph of the program's function call hierarchy to the standard output. Called functions are indented with respect to their call... |
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chage(1) -- change user password expiry information
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|
chage changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change her password. The chage ... |
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charset(1) -- Set an ACM for use in one of the G0/G1 charset slots.
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|
The linux console has 2 slots for charsets, labeled G0 and G1. charset changes the slot in use by the current VT to either G0 or G1, and fills the slot either with one of the 3 predefined ACMs (cp437,... |
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chattr(1) -- change file attributes on a Linux second extended file system
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chattr changes the file attributes on a Linux second extended file system. The format of a symbolic mode is +-=[ASacdistu]. The operator `+' causes the selected attributes to be added to the existing... |
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chfn(1) -- change user name and information
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chfn changes user fullname, office number, office extension, and home phone number information for a user's account. This information is typically printed by finger(1) and similiar programs. A normal... |
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chgrp(1) -- change group ownership
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|
Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP. -c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made --dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link, rather than the symbolic li... |
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chilight(1) -- highlight a C source file
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The chilight utility colorizes the input file, expected to be written in the C language, with text attributes or markups. The options are as follows: -f format Set the output format to format. The for... |
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chkdupexe(1) -- find duplicate executables
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|
chkdupexe will scan the union of $PATH and a hardcoded list of common locations for binaries. It will report dangling symlinks and duplicately-named binaries. |
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chktri(1) -- check for trigraphs in C source code
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This program looks for lines containing trigraphs in C source code. Trigraphs are a way to represent certain characters in C source code as two question marks and a third character. For example, a bac... |
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chmod(1) -- change file access permissions
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This manual page documents the GNU version of chmod. chmod changes the permissions of each given file according to mode, which can be either a symbolic representation of changes to make, or an octal n... |
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chown(1) -- change file owner and group
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This manual page documents the GNU version of chown. chown changes the user and/or group ownership of each given file, according to its first non-option argument, which is interpreted as follows. If o... |
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chsh(1) -- change login shell
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chsh changes the user login shell. This determines the name of the user's initial login command. A normal user may only change the login shell for their own account, the super user may change the log... |
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chvt(1) -- change foreground virtual terminal
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The command chvt N makes /dev/ttyN the foreground terminal. The corresponding screen is created if it did not exist yet. To get rid of unused VTs, use deallocvt(1). The keymap action `Console_N' (usu... |
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cksum(1) -- checksum and count the bytes in a file
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|
Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
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clear(1) -- clear the terminal screen
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|
clear clears your screen if this is possible. It looks in the environment for the terminal type and then in the terminfo database to figure out how to clear the screen. |
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cmp(1) -- compare two files or byte ranges
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The cmp utility compares two files of any type and writes the results to the standard output. By default, cmp is silent if the files are the same; if they differ, the byte and line number at which the... |
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cobfusc(1) -- make a C source file unreadable but compilable
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This document contains only a brief description of cobfusc. For a more complete documentation, please read the Info file or the Texinfo manual. The cobfusc utility converts the input file, written in ... |
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col(1) -- filter reverse line feeds from input
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|
Col filters out reverse (and half reverse) line feeds so that the output is in the correct order with only forward and half forward line feeds, and replaces white-space characters with tabs where poss... |
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colcrt(1) -- filter nroff output for CRT previewing
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|
Colcrt provides virtual half-line and reverse line feed sequences for terminals without such capability, and on which overstriking is destructive. Half-line characters and underlining (changed to dash... |
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colrm(1) -- remove columns from a file
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|
Colrm removes selected columns from the lines of a file. A column is defined as a single character in a line. Input is read from the standard input. Output is written to the standard output. If only t... |
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column(1) -- columnate lists
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|
The column utility formats its input into multiple columns. Rows are filled before columns. Input is taken from file operands, or, by default, from the standard input. Empty lines are ignored. The opt... |
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comm(1) -- compare two sorted files line by line
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|
Compare sorted files LEFT_FILE and RIGHT_FILE line by line. -1 suppress lines unique to left file -2 suppress lines unique to right file -3 suppress lines unique to both files --help display this help... |
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configurewrapper(1) -- Placeholder for code that should correctly deal with
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|
This wrapper currently just calls the configure program (default ./configure) with the given parameters. It is provided because of a planned transition to an active wrapper which correctly sets --buil... |
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cp(1) -- copy files and directories
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|
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY. -a, --archive same as -dpR --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file -b like --backup but does not accept an argument ... |
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cpio(1) -- copy files to and from archives
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|
This manual page documents the GNU version of cpio. cpio copies files into or out of a cpio or tar archive, which is a file that contains other files plus information about them, such as their file na... |
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cpp-2.96(1) -- The C Preprocessor
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|
The C preprocessor is a macro processor that is used automatically by the C compiler to transform your program before actual compilation. It is called a macro processor because it allows you to define... |
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crontab(1) -- maintain crontab files for individual users (V3)
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crontab is the program used to install, deinstall or list the tables used to drive the cron(8) daemon in Vixie Cron. Each user can have their own crontab, and though these are files in /var/spool/cron... |
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csplit(1) -- split a file into sections determined by context lines
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|
Output pieces of FILE separated by PATTERN(s) to files `xx01', `xx02', ..., and output byte counts of each piece to standard output. -b, --suffix-format=FORMAT use sprintf FORMAT instead of %d -f, -... |
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cstr(1) -- print out string literals in C source code
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This program reads C source code files and prints out all string literals in them. Each literal starts on a new line. Escapes are not converted. Surrounding double quotes are not retained. Adjacent li... |
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cundecl(1) -- encode C type declarations
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|
The cundecl utility reads a verbose english description and produces a C type declaration. Casts are accepted as well. The options are as follows: -o file Set the output destination to file. -V Print ... |
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cunloop(1) -- unloop C loops
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|
The cunloop utility unloops the C language loop and branch instructions while, do, for, if into a sequence of goto instuctions to render the source file unreadable. The options are as follows: -o file... |
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cut(1) -- remove sections from each line of files
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|
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output. -b, --bytes=LIST output only these bytes -c, --characters=LIST output only these characters -d, --delimiter=DELIM use DELIM instead of ... |
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cvs(1) -- Concurrent Versions System
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|
CVS is a version control system, which allows you to keep old versions of files (usually source code), keep a log of who, when, and why changes occurred, etc., like RCS or SCCS. Unlike the simpler sys... |
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cvs-makerepos(1) -- script to create non-existing configured CVS repositories
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|
This manual page documents briefly the cvs-makerepos command. cvs-makerepos is a script which will create CVS repositories in the locations configured using the Debian configuration scripts with some ... |
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cxref(1) -- C Cross Referencing & Documenting tool.
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A program that can automatically generate documentation and cross references for a C program. The input is any C program with appropriate comments and the output is LaTeX, HTML, RTF or SGML files. |
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cxref-cc(1) -- compile and document/cross-reference a C source file
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|
cxref-cc is a front-end shell script interface to the cxref C-language documentation and cross-referencing program. The script runs the C compiler first on filename, applying any compiler options prov... |
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cxref-query(1) -- A program to query the cross reference database from cxref.
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A very simple program to query the cross-reference database that is created by the cxref program. This is intended to be an example of the information that is in the database and how to use it rather ... |
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date(1) -- print or set the system date and time
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Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date. -d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not `now' -f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE -I, ... |
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dcl2inc(1) -- postprocess ftnchek .dcl files to create separate INCLUDE files
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dcl2inc postprocessing declaration files output by ftnchek(1), replacing unique COMMON block definitions by Fortran INCLUDE statements. For each input .dcl file, a modified output .dcn file is produce... |
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dd(1) -- convert and copy a file
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|
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the options. bs=BYTES force ibs=BYTES and obs=BYTES cbs=BYTES convert BYTES bytes at a time conv=KEYWORDS convert the file as per the comma separate... |
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ddate(1) -- converts Gregorian dates to Discordian dates
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ddate prints the date in Discordian date format. If called with no arguments, ddate will get the current system date, convert this to the Discordian date format and print this on the standard output. ... |
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ddd(1) -- The Data Display Debugger
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|
DDD is a graphical front-end for GDB and other command-line debuggers. Using DDD, you can see what is going on "inside" another program while it executes--or what another program was doing at the mo... |
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deallocvt(1) -- deallocate unused virtual terminals
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If given no argument, the program deallocvt deallocates kernel memory and data structures for all unused virtual terminals. If arguments Ni are given, only TTY's /dev/ttyNi are deallocated. A virtual... |
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debconf-communicate(1) -- communicate with debconf
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|
debconf-communicate allows you to communicate with debconf on the fly, from the command line. The package argument is the name of the package which you are pretending to be as you communicate with deb... |
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debconf-copydb(1) -- copy a debconf db
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debconf-copydb copies items from an existing debconf database into another, possibly new database. The two databases may have different formats; if so a conversion will automatically be done. |
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debconf-getlang(1) -- extract a language from a templates file
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This program helps make and manage translations of debconf templates. There are basically three situations in which this program might be called: A translation is just being started. You want to provi... |
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debconf-loadtemplate(1) -- load template file into debconf database
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Loads one of more template files into the debconf database. The first parameter specifies the owner of the templates (typically, the owner is the name of a debian package). The remaining parameters ar... |
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debconf-mergetemplate(1) -- merge together multiple debconf template files
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This program is useful if you have multiple debconf templates files which you want to merge together into one big file. All the specified files will be read in, merged, and output to standard output. ... |
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debconf-show(1) -- 0debconf-show
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debconf-show displays all items in the debconf database owned by a given package, and their current values. Items that have been displayed are prefixed with an '*'. This can be useful as a debugging... |
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debhelper(1) -- the debhelper tool suite
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Debhelper is used to help you build a debian package. The philosophy behind debhelper is to provide a collection of small, simple, and easily understood tools that are used in debian/rules to automate... |
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defoma(1) -- Debian Font Manager, provides automatic font configuration framework.
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Defoma stands for Debian Font Manager. It provides automatic font configuration framework. Please refer the manpage of defoma-font, defomaapp, or defoma-subst for the detailed information of each comm... |
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defoma-app(1) -- configure a specific application about fonts registered in Debian Font Manager.
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defoma-app is a tool to configure the fonts registered in Defoma, Debian Font Manager, for a specific application. Defoma calls the Defoma-configuration script of the specified application with regist... |
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defoma-font(1) -- register/unregister font(s) to Debian Font Manager
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defoma-font is a tool to register or unregister font(s) to Defoma, Debian Font Manager. Defoma then calls Defoma-configuration-scripts provided by applications to make the font(s) configured for the a... |
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defoma-hints(1) -- generate font hints.
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defoma-hints is a tool to help generating font hints. It asks various questions about the typeface of a font, reads information from a font file, and outputs the generated hints to STDOUT in a hintfil... |
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defoma-id(1) -- Manage id-cache of Debian Font Manager
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defoma-id is supposed to be invoked not from a command line, but from dfontmgr. |
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defoma-psfont-installer(1) -- register fonts installed in a PostScript printer.
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defoma-psfont-installer is a tool to register fonts installed in a PostScript printer to Defoma, Debian Font Manager. Those who want to print a PostScript file using the printer fonts may want to have... |
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defoma-reconfigure(1) -- Reconfigure all from zero.
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defoma-reconfigure reconfigures font configuration from zero. It fixes a critical bug of data loss, but also is used for reconfiguration of fonts. defoma-reconfigure first removes almost all files and... |
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defoma-subst(1) -- Modify a rulefile of Defoma font substitution system.
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defoma-subst is a tool to create/edit a rulefile of Defoma font substitution system. This system makes a certain font provide an user-specified id. Rulefile exists in order not only to specify such id... |
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df(1) -- report filesystem disk space usage
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This manual page documents the GNU version of df. df displays the amount of disk space available on the filesystem containing each file name argument. If no file name is given, the space available on ... |
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dh_builddeb(1) -- build debian packages
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|
dh_builddeb simply calls dpkg(8) to build a debian package or packages. |
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dh_clean(1) -- clean up package build directories
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dh_clean is a debhelper program that is responsible for cleaning up after a package is built. It removes the package build directories, and removes some other files, such as debian/substvars, debian/f... |
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dh_compress(1) -- compress files and fix symlinks in package build directories
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dh_compress is a debhelper program that is responsible for compressing the files in package build directories, and makes sure that any symlinks that pointed to the files before they were compressed ar... |
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dh_fixperms(1) -- fix permissions of files in package build directories
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dh_fixperms is a debhelper program that is responsible for setting the permissions of files and directories in package build directories to a sane state -- a state that complies with Debian policy. dh... |
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dh_gencontrol(1) -- generate and install control file
|
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dh_gencontrol is a debhelper program that is responsible for generating control files, and installing them into the DEBIAN directory with the proper permissions. This program is merely a wrapper aroun... |
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dh_install(1) -- install files into package build directories
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dh_install is a debhelper program that handles installing files into package build directories. There are many dh_install* commands that handle installing specific types of files such as documentation... |
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dh_installchangelogs(1) -- install changelogs into package build directories
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dh_installchangelogs is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing changelogs into package build directories. dh_installchangelogs determines if the package is a debian native package, and... |
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dh_installcron(1) -- install cron scripts into etc/cron.*
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dh_installcron is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing cron scripts into etc/cron.*/ in package build directories. The files debian/package.cron.daily, debian/package.cron.weekly, de... |
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dh_installdeb(1) -- install files into the DEBIAN directory
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dh_installdeb is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing files into the DEBIAN directories in package build directories with the correct permissions. dh_installdeb automatically install... |
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dh_installdebconf(1) -- install files used by debconf in package build directories
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dh_installdebconf is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing files used by the debconf package into package build directories. It also automatically generates the postrm commands needed... |
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dh_installdefoma(1) -- install a defoma related scripts
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dh_installdefoma is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing files related to defoma (DEbian FOnt MAnager) into package build directories. dh_installdefoma can be used by defoma-aware pa... |
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dh_installdirs(1) -- create subdirectories in package build directories
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dh_installdirs is a debhelper program that is responsible for creating subdirectories in package build directories. Any directory names specified as parameters will be created in the package build dir... |
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dh_installdocs(1) -- install documentation into package build directories
|
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dh_installdocs is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing documentation into usr/share/doc/package in package build directories. dh_installdocs automatically installs debian/copyright i... |
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dh_installemacsen(1) -- register an emacs add on package
|
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dh_installemacsen is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing files used by the debian emacsen-common package into package build directories. It also automatically generates the postinst... |
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dh_installexamples(1) -- install example files into package build directories
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dh_installexamples is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing examples into usr/share/doc/package/examples in package build directories. Any file names specified as parameters will be i... |
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dh_installinfo(1) -- install and register info files
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dh_installinfo is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing info files and registering the files it installs with install-info. It determines some information about the info files by pars... |
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dh_installinit(1) -- install init scripts into package build directories
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dh_installinit is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing init scripts and associated defaults files into package build directories. It also automatically generates the postinst and pos... |
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dh_installlogrotate(1) -- install logrotate config files
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dh_installlogrotate is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing logrotate config files into etc/logrotate.d in package build directories. Files named debian/package.logrotate are install... |
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dh_installman(1) -- install man pages into package build directories
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dh_installman is a debhelper program that handles installing man pages into the correct locations in package build directories. You tell it what man pages go in your packages, and it figures out where... |
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dh_installmanpages(1) -- old-style man page installer
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dh_installmanpages is a debhelper program that is responsible for automatically installing man pages into usr/share/man/ and usr/X11R6/man/ in package build directories. This is a DWIM-style program, ... |
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dh_installmenu(1) -- install debian menu files into package build directories
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dh_installmenu is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing files used by the debian menu package into package build directories. It also automatically generates the postinst and postrm c... |
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dh_installmime(1) -- install mime files into package build directories
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dh_installmime is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing mime files into package build directories. It also automatically generates the postinst and postrm commands needed to interface... |
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dh_installmodules(1) -- register modules with modutils
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dh_installmodules is a debhelper program that is responsible for registering kernel modules with modutils. Files named debian/package.modules will be installed as etc/modutils/package in the package b... |
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dh_installpam(1) -- install pam support files
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dh_installpam is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing files used by PAM into package build directories. If a file named debian/package.pam exists, then it is installed into etc/pam.d... |
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dh_installwm(1) -- register a window manager
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dh_installwm is a debhelper program that is responsible for generating the postinst and postrm commands that register a window manager with update-alternatives(8) Any window manager programs specified... |
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dh_installxaw(1) -- install xaw wrappers config files into package build directories
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Warning: The xaw-wrappers package has been removed from debian, and so this program is deprecated, and due to be removed soon. dh_installxaw is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing x... |
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dh_installxfonts(1) -- register X fonts
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dh_installxfonts is a debhelper program that is responsible for registering X fonts, so their corresponding fonts.dir, fonts.alias, and fonts.scale be rebuilt properly at install time. Before calling ... |
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dh_link(1) -- create symlinks in package build directories
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dh_link is a debhelper program that creates symlinks in package build directories. dh_link accepts a list of pairs of source and destination files. The source files are the already existing files that... |
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dh_listpackages(1) -- list binary packages debhelper will act on
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dh_listpackages is a debhelper program that outputs a list of all binary packages debhelper commands will act on. If you pass it some options, it will change the list to match the packages other debhe... |
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dh_makeshlibs(1) -- automatically create shlibs file
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dh_makeshlibs is a debhelper program that automatically scans for shared libraries, and generates a shlibs file for the libraries it finds. It also adds a call to ldconfig in the postinst and postrm s... |
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dh_md5sums(1) -- generate DEBIAN/md5sums file
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dh_md5sums is a debhelper program that is responsible for generating a DEBIAN/md5sums file, which lists the md5sums of each file in the package. All files in DEBIAN/ are omitted from the md5sums file,... |
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dh_movefiles(1) -- move files out of debian/tmp into subpackages
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dh_movefiles is a debhelper program that is responsible for moving files out of debian/tmp or some other directory and into other package build directories. This may be useful if your package has a Ma... |
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dh_perl(1) -- calculates perl scripts & modules dependencies
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dh_perl is a debhelper program that is responsible for generating the ${perl:Depends} substitutions and adding them to substvars files. The program will look at perl scripts and modules in your packag... |
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dh_shlibdeps(1) -- calculate shared library dependancies
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dh_shlibdeps is a debhelper program that is responsible for calculating shared library dependancies for packages. This program is merely a wrapper around dpkg-shlibdeps(1) that calls it once for each ... |
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dh_strip(1) -- strip executables, shared libraries, and some static libraries
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dh_strip is a debhelper program that is responsible for stripping executables, shared libraries, and static libraries that are not used for debugging. It assumes that files that have names like lib*_g... |
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dh_suidregister(1) -- obsolete suid registration program
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This program used to register suid and sgid files with suidregister(1), but with the introduction of dpkg-statoverride(8), registration of files in this way is unnecessary, and even harmful, so this p... |
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dh_testdir(1) -- test directory before building debian package
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dh_testdir tries to make sure that you are in the correct directory when building a debian package. It makes sure that the file debian/control exists, as well as any other files you specify. If not, i... |
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dh_testroot(1) -- ensure that a package is built as root
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dh_testroot simply checks to see if you are root. If not, it exits with an error. Debian packages must be built as root, though you can use fakeroot(1) |
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dh_testversion(1) -- ensure that the correct version of debhelper is installed
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Note: This program is deprecated. You should use build dependencies instead. dh_testversion compares the version of debhelper against the version you specify, and if the condition is not met, exits wi... |
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dh_undocumented(1) -- make symlinks to undocumented.7.gz man page
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dh_undocumented is a debhelper program that is responsible for making symlinks to undocumented(7) for man pages that are not present in your package. The program takes a list of man pages that should ... |
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dialog(1) -- display dialog boxes from shell scripts
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|
Dialog is a program that will let you to present a variety of questions or display messages using dialog boxes from a shell script. These types of dialog boxes are implemented (though not all are nece... |
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diff(1) -- find differences between two files
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|
In the simplest case, diff compares the contents of the two files from- file and to-file. A file name of - stands for text read from the standard input. As a special case, diff - - compares a copy of ... |
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diff3(1) -- find differences between three files
|
|
The diff3 command compares three files and outputs descriptions of their differences. The files to compare are mine, older, and yours. At most one of these three file names may be -, which tells diff3... |
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dig(1) -- DNS lookup utility
|
|
dig (domain information groper) is a flexible tool for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that were queried. Mos... |
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dir(1) -- list directory contents
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|
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort. -a, --all do not hide entries starting with . -A, --almost-all do not l... |
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dircolors(1) -- color setup for ls
|
|
Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable. Determine format of output: -b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS -c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to se... |
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dirname(1) -- strip non-directory suffix from file name
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|
Print NAME with its trailing /component removed; if NAME contains no /'s, output `.' (meaning the current directory). --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
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diskd(1) --
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diskseekd(1) --
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dlltool(1) -- Create files needed to build and use DLLs.
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|
dlltool reads its inputs, which can come from the -d and -b options as well as object files specified on the command line. It then processes these inputs and if the -e option has been specified it cre... |
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dns-helper(1) -- Non-blocking name resolver interface.
|
|
dns-helper Non-blocking name resolver interface. |
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dotlockfile(1) -- Utility to manage lockfiles
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|
Dotlockfile is a command line utility to safely create, test and remove lockfiles. Lockfiles are created in an NFS-safe way. Dotlockfile can lock and unlock mailboxes even if the mailspool directory i... |
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dpkg-architecture(1) -- set and determine the architecture for package building
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|
dpkg-architecture does provide a facility to determine and set the build and host architecture for package building. |
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dpkg-buildpackage(1) --
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dpkg-checkbuilddeps(1) -- check build dependencies and conflicts
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This program checks the installed packages in the system against the build dependencies and build conflicts listed in the control file. If any are not met, it displays them and exits with a nonzero re... |
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dpkg-deb(1) -- Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool
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dpkg-deb packs, unpacks and provides information about Debian archives. Use dpkg to install and remove packages from your system. You can also invoke dpkg-deb by calling dpkg with whatever options you... |
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dpkg-distaddfile(1) --
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dpkg-genchanges(1) --
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dpkg-gencontrol(1) --
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dpkg-name(1) -- rename Debian packages to full package names
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|
This manual page documents the dpkg-name sh script which provides an easy way to rename Debian packages into their full package names. A full package name consists of __ |
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dpkg-parsechangelog(1) --
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dpkg-shlibdeps(1) --
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dpkg-source(1) -- Debian source package tools
|
|
dpkg-source packs and unpacks Debian source archives. dpkg-gencontrol reads information from an unpacked Debian source tree and generates a binary package control file (which defaults to debian/tmp/DE... |
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dprofpp(1) -- display perl profile data
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|
The dprofpp command interprets profile data produced by a profiler, such as the Devel::DProf profiler. Dprofpp will read the file tmon.out and will display the 15 subroutines which are using the most ... |
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du(1) -- estimate file space usage
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|
Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories. -a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks -b, --bytes print size in bytes -c, --... |
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dumpkeys(1) -- dump keyboard translation tables
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|
dumpkeys writes, to the standard output, the current contents of the keyboard driver's translation tables, in the format specified by keymaps(5). Using the various options, the format of the output c... |
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dvipdf(1) -- Convert TeX DVI file to PDF using ghostscript and dvips
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This script invokes dvips(1) with the -q option, and pipes its output into gs(1) with the following options: -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite as well as -sOutputFile and any options from the com... |
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echo(1) -- display a line of text
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NOTE: your shell may have its own version of echo which will supercede the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation for details about the options it supports. Echo the STRIN... |
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ed(1) -- text editor
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ed is a line-oriented text editor. It is used to create, display, modify and otherwise manipulate text files. red is a restricted ed: it can only edit files in the current directory and cannot execute... |
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entrigraph(1) -- convert C source code to use trigraphs
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This program converts a C program to use trigraphs. A trigraph is a three character sequence that encodes a single character. A trigraph begins with two question marks. The third character is `/' (th... |
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env(1) -- run a program in a modified environment
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Set each NAME to VALUE in the environment and run COMMAND. -i, --ignore-environment start with an empty environment -u, --unset=NAME remove variable from the environment --help display this help and e... |
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eps2eps(1) -- Ghostscript Encapsulated PostScript "distiller"
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eps2eps uses gs(1) to convert Encapsulated PostScript(tm) file "input.eps" to simpler and (usually) faster Encapsulated PostScript in "output.eps". Normally the output is allowed to use PostScript... |
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eqn(1) -- format equations for troff
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This manual page describes the GNU version of eqn, which is part of the groff document formatting system. eqn compiles descriptions of equations embedded within troff input files into commands that ar... |
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esdcat(1) -- The Enlightened Sound Daemon
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esdcat pipes data from a pipe to the sound device |
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esdctl(1) -- The Enlightened Sound Daemon
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Command-line control program for EsounD |
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esddsp(1) -- attempt to reroute audio device to esd
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esddsp can allow non-esd applications to be routed through esd. |
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esdfilt(1) -- The Enlightened Sound Daemon
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EsounD filter. Sample esd filter program that implements halving and doubling, Optionally writing the new data to a seperate file. |
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esdloop(1) -- The Enlightened Sound Daemon
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esdloop is test scaffolding for sample cache, loop, and free. |
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esdmon(1) -- The Enlightened Sound Daemon
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EsounD monitor. Opens the esd socket and duplicates the stream being sent to the sound device. |
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esdplay(1) -- attempt to reroute audio device to esd
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|
Plays the FILE on EsounD. |
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esdrec(1) -- The Enlightened Sound Daemon
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|
EsounD recorder |
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esdsample(1) -- The Enlightened Sound Daemon
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EsounD sampler |
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evim(1) -- easy Vim, edit a file with Vim and setup for modeless editing
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eVim starts Vim and sets options to make it behave like a modeless editor. This is still Vim but used as a point-and-click editor. This feels a lot like using Notepad on MS-Windows. eVim will always r... |
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expand(1) -- convert tabs to spaces
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|
Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. -i, --initial do not convert TABs after non whitespace -t, --tabs=NUMBER have tab... |
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expiry(1) -- check and enforce password expiration policy
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|
expiry checks (-c) the current password expiration and forces (-f) changes when required. It is callable as a normal user command. |
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expr(1) -- evaluate expressions
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|
--help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION ... |
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factor(1) -- prints prime factors
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|
This manual page documents briefly the GNU factor command. This manual page was written for the Debian GNU/Linux distribution (but may be used by others), because the original program does not have a ... |
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faked(1) -- daemon that remembers `fake' ownership/permissions of files manipulated by fakeroot processes.
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If a fakeroot process wants to change the ownership of a file, then faked is the process that remembers that new owner. If later the same fakeroot process does a stat() for that filename, then the lib... |
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fakeroot(1) -- run a command in an environment faking root privileges for file manipulation
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fakeroot runs a command in an environment were it appears to have root privileges for file manipulation. This is useful for allowing users to create archives (tar, ar, .deb etc.) with files in them wi... |
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false(1) -- do nothing, unsuccessfully
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|
Exit with a status code indicating failure. These option names may not be abbreviated. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
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fdmount(1) --
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fdrawcmd(1) --
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fgconsole(1) -- print the number of the active VT.
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|
If the active VT is /dev/ttyN, then prints N on standard output. |
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file(1) -- determine file type
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|
This manual page documents version 3.37-3.1 of the file command. File tests each argument in an attempt to classify it. There are three sets of tests, performed in this order: filesystem tests, magic ... |
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find(1) -- search for files in a directory hierarchy
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|
This manual page documents the GNU version of find. find searches the directory tree rooted at each given file name by evaluating the given expression from left to right, according to the rules of pre... |
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find2perl(1) -- translate find command lines to Perl code
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|
find2perl is a little translator to convert find command lines to equivalent Perl code. The resulting code is typically faster than running find itself. "paths" are a set of paths where find2perl wi... |
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finger(1) -- user information lookup program
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|
The finger displays information about the system users. Options are: -s Finger displays the user's login name, real name, terminal name and write status (as a ``*'' after the terminal name if write... |
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flex(1) -- fast lexical analyzer generator
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|
flex is a tool for generating scanners: programs which recognized lexical patterns in text. flex reads the given input files, or its standard input if no file names are given, for a description of a s... |
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floppycontrol(1) --
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floppymeter(1) --
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fmt(1) -- simple optimal text formatter
|
|
Reformat each paragraph in the FILE(s), writing to standard output. If no FILE or if FILE is `-', read standard input. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -c, --c... |
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fold(1) -- wrap each input line to fit in specified width
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|
Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to standard output. -b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns -s, --spaces break at spaces -w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns inst... |
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font2c(1) -- Write PostScript Type 0 or Type 1 font as C code
|
|
This script invokes gs(1) with the following options: -q -dNODISPLAY -dWRITESYSTEMDICT followed by the arguments from the command line. This will write out a PostScript Type 0 or Type 1 font as C code... |
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free(1) -- Display amount of free and used memory in the system
|
|
free displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory in the system, as well as the buffers used by the kernel. The shared memory column should be ignored; it is obsolete. Options ... |
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from(1) -- print names of those who have sent mail
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|
The from utility prints out the mail header lines from the invoker's mailbox. Options: -c Just print a count of messages and exit. -f file The supplied file is examined instead of the invoker's mail... |
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ftnchek(1) --
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fuser(1) -- identify processes using files or sockets
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|
fuser displays the PIDs of processes using the specified files or file systems. In the default display mode, each file name is followed by a letter denoting the type of access: c current directory. e ... |
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fweb(1) -- WEB processors for C, C++, Fortran, Ratfor, and TeX
|
|
(This man page is obsolete and is no longer maintained; please see `info fweb' for up-to-date and detailed tree-structured information.) FWEB is an extension of Knuth's WEB system to handle the lang... |
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g++-2.96(1) -- GNU project C++ Compiler
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The C and C++ compilers are integrated; g++ is a script to call gcc with options to recognize C++. gcc processes input files through one or more of four stages: preprocessing, compilation, assembly, a... |
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g77-2.96(1) -- GNU project Fortran Compiler (v0.5.24)
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The C and F77 compilers are integrated; g77 is a program to call gcc with options to recognize programs written in Fortran (ANSI FORTRAN 77, also called F77). gcc processes input files through one or ... |
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gasp(1) -- a preprocessor for assembly programs
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|
The primary purpose of the GNU assembler is to assemble the output of other programs--notably compilers. When you have to hand-code specialized routines in assembly, that means the GNU assembler is an... |
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gcc-2.96(1) -- GNU project C and C++ Compiler (gcc-2.96)
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|
The C and C++ compilers are integrated. Both process input files through one or more of four stages: preprocessing, compilation, assembly, and linking. Source filename suffixes identify the source lan... |
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gconfigger(1) -- Tool to change/read GNOME configuration entry.
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gconfigger is a tool that is used to change or read GNOME configuration entry. |
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gdb(1) -- The GNU Debugger
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|
The purpose of a debugger such as GDB is to allow you to see what is going on ``inside'' another program while it executes--or what another program was doing at the moment it crashed. GDB can do fou... |
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gdbserver(1) -- Remote Server for the GNU Debugger
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GDBSERVER is a program that allows you to run GDB on a different machine than the one which is running the program being debugged. Usage (server (target) side): First, you need to have a copy of the p... |
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gendoc(1) -- Documentation generation from Python source files
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|
This manual page documents briefly the gendoc command. This manual page was written for the Debian GNU/Linux distribution because the original program does not have a manual page. gendoc scans one or ... |
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getconf(1) -- Query system configuration variables
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|
-v Indicate the specification and version for which to obtain configuration variables. system_var A system configuration variable, as defined by sysconf(3) or confstr(3). path_var A system configurati... |
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getent(1) -- get entries from administrative database
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|
The getent program gathers entries from the specified administrative database using the specified search keys. Where database is one of passwd, group, hosts, services, protocols, or networks. |
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getfdprm(1) --
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getopt(1) -- parse command options (enhanced)
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|
getopt is used to break up (parse) options in command lines for easy parsing by shell procedures, and to check for legal options. It uses the GNU getopt(3) routines to do this. The parameters getopt i... |
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gettext(1) -- print out string using translation
|
|
-d, --domain=TEXTDOMAIN retrieve translated messages from TEXTDOMAIN -e enable expansion of some escape sequences -E (ignored for compatibility) -h, --help display a help message and exit -n suppress ... |
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gettextize(1) -- add internationalization files to your project
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|
Some files are consistently and identically needed in every package internationalized through GNU `gettext'. As a matter of convenience, the gettextize program puts all these files right in your pack... |
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glibcbug(1) -- Report a bug to the Glibc developers
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|
glibcbug is a tool for reporting bugs to the glibc maintainers. It automatically starts an editor where the user can enter details of the bug. On completion, the bug is sent to the appropriate address... |
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gnome(1) -- The GNU Network Object Model Environment
|
|
The gnome-session program launches and initializes the GNOME desktop environment. This program is usually executed from your X initialization file. If your system is configured to use gdm (the GNOME d... |
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gnome-bug(1) -- Report a bug to the GNOME Bug Tracking System.
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|
gnome-bug Tool to report a bug to the GNOME Bug Tracking System. gnome-bug will include system information to assist the maintainer in troubleshooting. |
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gnome-doc(1) -- Documentation tool for GNOME
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|
gnome-doc This will read a 'c' file and scan for embedded comments in the style of gnome comments (+minor extensions - see below). All output goes to stdout, with errors to stderr. |
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gnome-dump-metadata(1) -- Dump the metadata database.
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|
gnome-dump-metadata Read and display in human readable form the metadata database |
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gnome-font-install(1) -- Fontmap file generator for gnome-print
|
|
gnome-font-install is a tool that is used to generate a fontmap file for gnome-print. |
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gnome-gen-mimedb(1) -- Build the extension database for mime-magic.
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|
gnome-gen-mimedb Build the database /etc/mime-magic in /etc/mimemagic.dat, for fast access |
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gnome-mkstub(1) -- Documentation tool for GNOME
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|
gnome-mkstub takes input from "cproto file.c" on stdin, and outputs GNOME API doc stubs to stdout. |
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gnome-moz-remote(1) -- remote control of Mozilla.
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|
gnome-moz-remote open a URL in a current netscape, or start a new copy of netscape, pointing at the given page. |
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gnome-name-service(1) -- Orbit name service
|
|
gnome-name-service GOAD is the GNOME Object Activation Directory. It keeps track of the CORBA object implementations available on the system, and allows applications to activate these implementations ... |
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gnome-pty-helper(1) -- Helper setuid application
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|
gnome-pty-helper is a program that setuid application used to open a pseudo-terminal, set the permissions, ownership and record user login information. |
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gnome_segv(1) -- Graphical interface segfault for Gnome program.
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|
gnome_segv open a dialog box when a GNOME program segfault. |
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goad-browser(1) -- Graphical GOAD browser
|
|
goad-browser GOAD is the GNOME Object Activation Directory. It keeps track of the CORBA object implementations available on the system, and allows applications to activate these implementations or acc... |
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gpasswd(1) -- administer the /etc/group file
|
|
gpasswd is used to administer the /etc/group file (and /etc/gshadow file if compiled with SHADOWGRP defined). Every group can have administrators, members and a password. System administrator can use ... |
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gprof(1) -- display call graph profile data
|
|
"gprof" produces an execution profile of C, Pascal, or Fortran77 programs. The effect of called routines is incorporated in the profile of each caller. The profile data is taken from the call graph ... |
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grep(1) -- print lines matching a pattern
|
|
Grep searches the named input FILEs (or standard input if no files are named, or the file name - is given) for lines containing a match to the given PATTERN. By default, grep prints the matching lines... |
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groff(1) -- front end for the groff document formatting system
|
|
groff is a front-end to the groff document formatting system. Normally it runs the troff program and a postprocessor appropriate for the selected device. Available devices are: ps For PostScript print... |
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grog(1) -- guess options for groff command
|
|
grog reads files and guesses which of the groff(1) options -e, -man, -me, -mm, -ms, -mdoc, -mdoc-old, -p, -R, -g, -G, -s, and -t are required for printing files, and prints the groff command including... |
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grotty(1) -- groff driver for typewriter-like devices
|
|
grotty translates the output of GNU troff into a form suitable for typewriter-like devices. Normally grotty should be invoked by using the groff command with a -Tascii, -Tascii8, -Tlatin1, -Tnippon or... |
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groups(1) -- print the groups a user is in
|
|
--help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit Same as id -Gn. If no USERNAME, use current process. |
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gs-gnu(1) -- Ghostscript (PostScript and PDF language interpreter and previewer)
|
|
The gs (gswin32, gswin32c, gs386, gsos2) command invokes Ghostscript, an interpreter of Adobe Systems' PostScript(tm) and Portable Document Format (PDF) languages. gs reads "files" in sequence and ... |
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gzexe(1) -- compress executable files in place
|
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The gzexe utility allows you to compress executables in place and have them automatically uncompress and execute when you run them (at a penalty in performance). For example if you execute ``gzexe /bi... |
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gzip(1) -- compress or expand files
|
|
Gzip reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77). Whenever possible, each file is replaced by one with the extension .gz, while keeping the same ownership modes, access and modi... |
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h2ph(1) -- convert .h C header files to .ph Perl header files
|
|
h2ph converts any C header files specified to the corresponding Perl header file format. It is most easily run while in /usr/include: cd /usr/include; h2ph * sys/* or cd /usr/include; h2ph -r -l . The... |
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h2xs(1) -- convert .h C header files to Perl extensions
|
|
h2xs builds a Perl extension from C header files. The extension will include functions which can be used to retrieve the value of any #define statement which was in the C header files. The module_name... |
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head(1) -- output the first part of files
|
|
Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. -c, --bytes=SIZE p... |
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hexdump(1) -- ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump
|
|
The hexdump utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or the standard input, if no files are specified, in a user specified format. The options are as follows: -b One-byte octal display.... |
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host(1) -- DNS lookup utility
|
|
host is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups. It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa. When no arguments or options are given, host prints a short summary of its com... |
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hostid(1) -- print the numeric identifier for the current host
|
|
Print the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current host. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
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hostname(1) -- show or set the system's host name
|
|
Hostname is used to either set or display the current host or domain name of the system. This name is used by many of the networking programs to identify the machine. The domain name is also used by N... |
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html2text(1) -- an advanced HTML-to-text converter
|
|
html2text reads HTML 3.2 documents from the input-uris, formats each into a stream of plain text characters (ISO 8859-1) and writes the result to standard output (or into output-file, if the -o comman... |
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iconv(1) -- Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
|
|
The iconv program converts the encoding of characters in inputfile from one coded character set to another. The result is written to standard output unless otherwise specified by the --output option. ... |
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id(1) -- print real and effective UIDs and GIDs
|
|
Print information for USERNAME, or the current user. -a ignore, for compatibility with other versions -g, --group print only the group ID -G, --groups print only the supplementary groups -n, --name pr... |
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idxmerge(1) -- merge fweb-produced index files.
|
|
idxmerge merges index files produced by the invocation of fweave with option -XI. |
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ifnames(1) -- print identifiers that a package uses in C preprocessor conditionals
|
|
ifnames can help when writing a configure.ac for a software package. It prints the identifiers that the package already uses in C preprocessor conditionals. If a package has already been set up to hav... |
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ifnames2.13(1) -- print identifiers that a package uses in C preprocessor conditionals
|
|
ifnames2.13 can help when writing a configure.in for a software package. It prints the identifiers that the package already uses in C preprocessor conditionals. If a package has already been set up to... |
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indent(1) -- changes the appearance of a C program by inserting or deleting whitespace.
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|
This man page is generated from the file indent.texinfo. This is Edition of "The indent Manual", for Indent Version , last updated . The indent program can be used to make code easier to read. It ca... |
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info(1) -- read Info documents
|
|
Read documentation in Info format. |
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infocmp(1) -- compare or print out terminfo descriptions
|
|
infocmp can be used to compare a binary terminfo entry with other terminfo entries, rewrite a terminfo description to take advantage of the use= terminfo field, or print out a terminfo description fro... |
|
infotocap(1) -- convert a terminfo description into a termcap description
|
|
infotocap looks in file for terminfo descriptions. For each one found, an equivalent termcap description is written to standard output. Terminfo use capabilities are translated directly to termcap tc ... |
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install(1) -- copy files and set attributes
|
|
In the first two formats, copy SOURCE to DEST or multiple SOURCE(s) to the existing DIRECTORY, while setting permission modes and owner/group. In the third format, create all components of the given D... |
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intro(1) -- Introduction to user commands
|
|
This chapter describes user commands. |
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itclsh3.1(1) -- Simple shell for [incr Tcl]
|
|
itclsh is a shell-like application that reads Tcl commands from its standard input, or from a file, and evaluates them. It is just like tclsh, but includes the [incr Tcl] extensions for object-oriente... |
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itkwish3.1(1) -- Simple windowing shell for [incr Tcl] / [incr Tk]
|
|
itkwish is a simple program consisting of the Tcl command language, the Tk toolkit, the [incr Tcl] extension for object-oriented programming, and the [incr Tk] extension for building mega-widgets. The... |
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join(1) -- join lines of two files on a common field
|
|
For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line to standard output. The default join field is the first, delimited by whitespace. When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standa... |
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kbd_mode(1) -- report or set the keyboard mode
|
|
Without argument, kbd_mode prints the current keyboard mode. With argument, it sets the keyboard mode as indicated: -s: scancode mode (RAW), -k: keycode mode (MEDIUMRAW), -a: ASCII mode (XLATE), -u: U... |
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kernelversion(1) -- program to report major version of kernel
|
|
kernelversion is a small program for Debian/GNU Linux to report the major version of the kernel. This version is used by the modutils package to calculate the directories for kernel modules. See /etc/... |
|
kill(1) -- report process status
|
|
The default signal for kill is TERM. Use -l or -L to list available signals. Particularly useful signals include HUP, INT, KILL, STOP, CONT, and 0. Alternate signals may be specified in three ways: -9... |
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killall(1) -- kill processes by name
|
|
killall sends a signal to all processes running any of the specified commands. If no signal name is specified, SIGTERM is sent. Signals can be specified either by name (e.g. -HUP) or by number (e.g. -... |
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ksh(1) -- Public domain Korn shell
|
|
ksh is a command interpreter that is intended for both interactive and shell script use. Its command language is a superset of the sh(1) shell language. Shell Startup [Toc] [Back] The following ... |
|
last(1) -- show listing of last logged in users
|
|
Last searches back through the file /var/log/wtmp (or the file designated by the -f flag) and displays a list of all users logged in (and out) since that file was created. Names of users and tty's ca... |
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lastb(1) --
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ld(1) -- Using LD, the GNU linker
|
|
ld combines a number of object and archive files, relocates their data and ties up symbol references. Usually the last step in compiling a program is to run ld. ld accepts Linker Command Language file... |
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ldd(1) -- print shared library dependencies
|
|
ldd prints the shared libraries required by each program or shared library specified on the command line. |
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less(1) -- opposite of more
|
|
Less is a program similar to more (1), but which allows backward movement in the file as well as forward movement. Also, less does not have to read the entire input file before starting, so with large... |
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lessecho(1) -- expand metacharacters, such as * and ?, in filenames on Unix systems.
|
|
This manual page documents briefly the lessecho command. This manual page was written for the Debian GNU/Linux distribution because the original program does not have a manual page. lessecho is a prog... |
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lesskey(1) -- specify key bindings for less
|
|
Lesskey is used to specify a set of key bindings to be used by less. The input file is a text file which describes the key bindings, If the input file is "-", standard input is read. If no input fil... |
|
lesspipe(1) -- "input preprocessor" for less.
|
|
This manual page documents briefly the lessfile, and lesspipe commands. This manual page was written for the Debian GNU/Linux distribution because the input preprocessor scripts are provided by Debian... |
|
lexgrog(1) -- parse header information in man pages
|
|
lexgrog is an implementation of the traditional "groff guess" utility in lex. It reads the list of files on its command line as either man page source files or preformatted "cat" pages, and displa... |
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libtool(1) -- Provide generalized library-building support services.
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|
The `libtool' program provides a standard way to generate both static and shared libraries. It hides the complexities of platform-specific library generation behind an interface that is the same acro... |
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libtoolize(1) -- add libtool support to your package
|
|
The `libtoolize' program provides a standard way to add libtool support to your package. In the future, it may implement better usage checking, or other features to make libtool even easier to use. |
|
link(1) -- link a file
|
|
Create a new directory entry FILE2 pointing to the same file as FILE1. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
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ln(1) -- make links between files
|
|
Create a link to the specified TARGET with optional LINK_NAME. If LINK_NAME is omitted, a link with the same basename as the TARGET is created in the current directory. When using the second form with... |
|
loadkeys(1) -- load keyboard translation tables
|
|
The loadkeys program reads the file or files specified by filename... Its main purpose is to load the kernel keymap for the console. |
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loadshlib(1) -- Gnome Object Activation Directory
|
|
loadshlib GOAD is the GNOME Object Activation Directory. It keeps track of the CORBA object implementations available on the system, and allows applications to activate these implementations or access... |
|
locale(1) -- Get locale-specific information.
|
|
The locale program writes information about the current locale environment, or all locales, to standard output. When invoked without arguments, locale summarizes the current locale environment for eac... |
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localedef(1) -- compile locale definition files
|
|
The localedef program reads the indicated charmap and input files, compiles them to a form usable by the locale(7) functions in the C library, and places the six output files in the outputpath directo... |
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locate(1) -- list files in databases that match a pattern
|
|
This manual page documents the GNU version of locate. For each given pattern, locate searches one or more databases of file names and displays the file names that contain the pattern. Patterns can con... |
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logger(1) -- make entries in the system log
|
|
Logger provides a shell command interface to the syslog(3) system log module. Options: -i Log the process id of the logger process with each line. -s Log the message to standard error, as well as the ... |
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login(1) -- Begin session on the system
|
|
login is used to establish a new session with the system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the login: prompt on the user's terminal. login may be special to the shell and may not... |
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logname(1) -- print user's login name
|
|
Print the name of the current user. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
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look(1) -- display lines beginning with a given string
|
|
The look utility displays any lines in file which contain string as a prefix. As look performs a binary search, the lines in file must be sorted. If file is not specified, the file /usr/share/dict/wor... |
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lorder(1) -- list dependencies for object files
|
|
The lorder utility uses nm(1) to determine interdependencies in the list of object files specified on the command line. Lorder outputs a list of file names where the first file contains a symbol which... |
|
ls(1) -- list directory contents
|
|
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort. -a, --all do not hide entries starting with . -A, --almost-all do not l... |
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lsattr(1) -- list file attributes on a Linux second extended file system
|
|
lsattr lists the file attributes on a second extended file system. See chattr(1) for a description of the attributes and what they mean. |
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m4(1) -- GNU macro processor
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|
|
magic2mime(1) -- determine file type
|
|
This manual page documents version 3.37-3.1 of the magic2mime command. This command receives the output of the file(1) command and outputs a posible mime type for the data described; e. g.: file -b fi... |
|
mail(1) -- send and receive mail
|
|
mail is an intelligent mail processing system which has a command syntax reminiscent of ed(1) with lines replaced by messages. The options are as follows: -v Verbose mode. The details of delivery are ... |
|
make(1) -- GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs
|
|
The purpose of the make utility is to determine automatically which pieces of a large program need to be recompiled, and issue the commands to recompile them. The manual describes the GNU implementati... |
|
man(1) -- an interface to the on-line reference manuals
|
|
man is the system's manual pager. Each page argument given to man is normally the name of a program, utility or function. The manual page associated with each of these arguments is then found and dis... |
|
manpath(1) -- determine search path for manual pages
|
|
If $MANPATH is set, manpath will simply display its contents and issue a warning. If not, manpath will determine a suitable manual page hierarchy search path and display the results. The colon-delimit... |
|
mawk(1) -- pattern scanning and text processing language
|
|
mawk is an interpreter for the AWK Programming Language. The AWK language is useful for manipulation of data files, text retrieval and processing, and for prototyping and experimenting with algorithms... |
|
mcookie(1) -- generate magic cookies for xauth
|
|
mcookie generates a 128-bit random hexadecimal number for use with the X authority system. Typical usage: xauth add :0 . `mcookie` The "random" number generated is actually the output of the MD5 mes... |
|
md5sum(1) -- generates or checks MD5 message digests
|
|
md5sum generates or checks MD5 checksums. The algorithm to generate the checksum is reasonably fast and strong enough for most cases. Exact specification of the algorithm is in RFC 1321. Normally md5s... |
|
md5sum.textutils(1) -- compute and check MD5 message digest
|
|
Print or check MD5 checksums. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. -b, --binary read files in binary mode (default on DOS/Windows) -c, --check check MD5 sums against given list -t, --... |
|
mesg(1) -- control write access to your terminal
|
|
Mesg controls the access to your terminal by others. It's typically used to allow or disallow other users to write to your terminal (see write(1)). |
|
mkdir(1) -- make directories
|
|
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist. -m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask -p, --parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed ... |
|
mkfifo(1) -- make FIFOs (named pipes)
|
|
Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs. -m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), not a=rw - umask --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
|
mknod(1) -- make block or character special files
|
|
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE. -m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), not a=rw - umask --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit MAJO... |
|
mktemp(1) -- make temporary filename (unique)
|
|
The mktemp utility takes the given filename template and overwrites a portion of it to create a unique filename. The template may be any filename with some number of `Xs' appended to it, for example ... |
|
more(1) -- file perusal filter for crt viewing
|
|
More is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time. This version is especially primitve. Users should realize that less(1) provides more(1) emulation and extensive enhancements. |
|
mozilla-1.0.0(1) -- a Web browser for X11 derived from Netscape Communicator
|
|
Mozilla is an open-source web browser, designed for standards compliance, performance and portability. |
|
mpack(1) -- pack a file in MIME format
|
|
The mpack program encodes the the named file in one or more MIME messages. The resulting messages are mailed to one or more recipients, written to a named file or set of files, or posted to a set of n... |
|
msgcmp(1) -- compare two message catalogs
|
|
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -D, --directory=DIRECTORY add DIRECTORY to list for input files search -h, --help display a help message and exit -V, --version... |
|
msgcomm(1) -- search catalogs for common messages
|
|
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -d, --default-domain=NAME use NAME.po for output (instead of messages.po) -D, --directory=DIRECTORY add DIRECTORY to list for i... |
|
msgfmt(1) -- compile message catalogs
|
|
Generate binary message catalog from textual translation description. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -a, --alignment=NUMBER align strings to NUMBER bytes (def... |
|
msgmerge(1) -- merge two message catalogs
|
|
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -C, --compendium=FILE additional library of message translations, may be specified more than once -D, --directory=DIRECTORY add... |
|
msgunfmt(1) -- decompile message catalogs
|
|
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -e, --no-escape do not use C escapes in output (default) -E, --escape use C escapes in output, no extended chars --force-po wri... |
|
mt-gnu(1) -- control magnetic tape drive operation
|
|
This manual page documents the GNU version of mt. mt performs the given operation, which must be one of the tape operations listed below, on a tape drive. The default tape device to operate on is take... |
|
munpack(1) -- unpack messages in MIME or split-uuencode format
|
|
The munpack program reads each RFC-822 message filename and writes all non-text MIME parts or split-uuencoded files as files. If no filename argument is given, munpack reads from standard input. If th... |
|
mv(1) -- move (rename) files
|
|
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY. --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file -b like --backup but does not accept an argument -f, --force never prompt befo... |
|
namei(1) -- follow a pathname until a terminal point is found
|
|
Namei uses its arguments as pathnames to any type of Unix file (symlinks, files, directories, and so forth). Namei then follows each pathname until a terminal point is found (a file, directory, char d... |
|
nano(1) -- Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico Clone
|
|
This manual page documents briefly the nano command. nano is a small, free and friendly editor which aims to replace Pico, the default editor included in the non-free Pine package. Rather than just co... |
|
ncal(1) -- displays a calendar and the date of easter
|
|
Cal displays a simple calendar in traditional format and ncal offers an alternative layout, more options and the date of easter. The new format is a little cramped but it makes a year fit on a 25x80 t... |
|
neqn(1) -- format equations for ascii output
|
|
The neqn program is actually just a shell script which invokes the eqn(1) command with the ascii output device. Note that eqn does not support low-resolution, typewriter-like devices (although it may ... |
|
new-object(1) -- Add new CORBA object
|
|
new-object GOAD is the GNOME Object Activation Directory. It keeps track of the CORBA object implementations available on the system, and allows applications to activate these implementations or acces... |
|
newgrp(1) -- Change group ID
|
|
newgrp is used to change the current group ID during a login session. If the optional - flag is given, the user's environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the cur... |
|
ngettext(1) -- print out string using translation with singular/plural
|
|
The ngettext program prints out a translation. It chooses between the singular and plural forms according to the COUNT parameter. -d, --domain=TEXTDOMAIN retrieve translated message from TEXTDOMAIN -e... |
|
nice(1) -- run a program with modified scheduling priority
|
|
Run COMMAND with an adjusted scheduling priority. With no COMMAND, print the current scheduling priority. ADJUST is 10 by default. Range goes from -20 (highest priority) to 19 (lowest). -ADJUST increm... |
|
nl(1) -- number lines of files
|
|
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. -b, --body-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering body lines -d, --section-delimiter... |
|
nlmconv(1) -- converts object code into an NLM.
|
|
nlmconv converts the relocatable i386 object file infile into the NetWare Loadable Module outfile, optionally reading headerfile for NLM header information. For instructions on writing the NLM command... |
|
nm(1) -- list symbols from object files
|
|
GNU nm lists the symbols from object files objfile.... If no object files are listed as arguments, nm assumes the file a.out. For each symbol, nm shows: o The symbol value, in the radix selected by op... |
|
nohup(1) -- run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
|
|
Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
|
nroff(1) -- emulate nroff command with groff
|
|
The nroff script emulates the nroff command using groff. Only ascii, ascii8, latin1, utf8, nippon, and cp1047 are valid arguments for the -T option. If an invalid or no -T option is given, nroff check... |
|
nslookup(1) -- query Internet name servers interactively
|
|
Nslookup is a program to query Internet domain name servers. Nslookup has two modes: interactive and non-interactive. Interactive mode allows the user to query name servers for information about vario... |
|
ntpdate(1) -- set the date and time via NTP
|
|
ntpdate sets the local date and time by polling the Network Time Protocol (NTP) server(s) given as the server arguments to determine the correct time. It must be run as root on the local host. A numbe... |
|
ntptimeset(1) -- the network time protocol
|
|
The NTP distribution does not include man pages, but it does include a thorough manual in HTML. To help Debian users manage disk space, this documentation is packaged separately from the executables. ... |
|
nvi(1) -- text editors
|
|
Vi is a screen oriented text editor. Ex is a line-oriented text editor. Ex and vi are different interfaces to the same program, and it is possible to switch back and forth during an edit session. View... |
|
oafd(1) -- the GNOME Object Activation Daemon.
|
|
The oafd daemon provides a simple naming-service wrapper for GNOME applicatinos that are using CORBA, Orbit, OAF and/or Bonobo. oafd is normally started automatically when the gnome desktop is started... |
|
objcopy(1) -- copy and translate object files
|
|
The GNU objcopy utility copies the contents of an object file to another. objcopy uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can write the destination object file in a format diff... |
|
objdump(1) -- display information from object files.
|
|
objdump displays information about one or more object files. The options control what particular information to display. This information is mostly useful to programmers who are working on the compila... |
|
od(1) -- dump files in octal and other formats
|
|
Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE to standard output. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. -A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are pri... |
|
oldps(1) -- report process status
|
|
ps gives a snapshot of the current processes. If you want a repetitive update of this status, use top. This man page documents the /proc- based version of ps, or tries to. |
|
openvt(1) -- start a program on a new virtual terminal (VT).
|
|
openvt will find the first available VT, and run on it the given com- mand with the given command options, standard input, output and error are directed to that terminal. The current search path ($PAT... |
|
paperconf(1) -- print paper configuration informations
|
|
paperconf prints informations about a given paper. The informations that can be obtaineed are the name of the paper, its size and its width or height. When called without arguments, paperconf prints t... |
|
passwd(1) -- change user password
|
|
passwd changes passwords for user and group accounts. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, the super user may change the password for any account. The administrator of a g... |
|
paste(1) -- merge lines of files
|
|
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. -d, --delimiters=LIST reuse ... |
|
patch(1) -- apply a diff file to an original
|
|
patch takes a patch file patchfile containing a difference listing produced by the diff program and applies those differences to one or more original files, producing patched versions. Normally the pa... |
|
pathchk(1) -- check whether file names are valid or portable
|
|
Diagnose unportable constructs in NAME. -p, --portability check for all POSIX systems, not only this one --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
|
pdf2dsc(1) -- generate a PostScript page list of a PDF document
|
|
pdf2dsc uses gs(1) to read an Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) document "input.pdf" and create a PostScript(tm) document "output.dsc" that conforms to Adobe's Document Structuring Conventions... |
|
pdf2ps(1) -- Ghostscript PDF to PostScript translator
|
|
pdf2ps uses gs(1) to convert the Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) file "input.pdf" to PostScript(tm) in "output.ps". Normally the output is allowed to use PostScript Level 2 (but not PostScrip... |
|
pdffonts(1) -- Portable Document Format (PDF) font analyzer (version 1.00)
|
|
Pdffonts lists the fonts used in a Portable Document Format (PDF) file along with various information for each font. The following information is listed for each font: name the font name, exactly as g... |
|
pdfimages(1) -- Portable Document Format (PDF) image extractor (version 1.00)
|
|
Pdfimages saves images from a Portable Document Format (PDF) file as Portable Pixmap (PPM), Portable Bitmap (PBM), or JPEG files. Pdfimages reads the PDF file, scans one or more pages, PDF-file, and w... |
|
pdfinfo(1) -- Portable Document Format (PDF) document information extractor (version 1.00)
|
|
Pdfinfo prints the contents of the 'Info' dictionary (plus some other useful information) from a Portable Document Format (PDF) file. The 'Info' dictionary contains the following values: title sub... |
|
pdfopt(1) -- Ghostscript PDF Optimizer
|
|
pdfopt uses gs(1) to convert the Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) file "input.pdf" to a so-called optimized form in "output.pdf". Optimization puts the elements of the file into a more linear ... |
|
pdftopbm(1) -- Portable Document Format (PDF) to Portable Bitmap (PBM) converter (version 1.00)
|
|
Pdftopbm converts Portable Document Format (PDF) files to black-andwhite image files in Portable Bitmap (PBM) format. Pdftopbm reads the PDF file, PDF-file, and writes one PBM file for each page, PBM-... |
|
pdftops(1) -- Portable Document Format (PDF) to PostScript converter (version 1.00)
|
|
Pdftops converts Portable Document Format (PDF) files to PostScript so they can be printed. Pdftops reads the PDF file, PDF-file, and writes a PostScript file, PS- file. If PS-file is not specified, p... |
|
pdftotext(1) -- Portable Document Format (PDF) to text converter (version 1.00)
|
|
Pdftotext converts Portable Document Format (PDF) files to plain text. Pdftotext reads the PDF file, PDF-file, and writes a text file, text- file. If text-file is not specified, pdftotext converts fil... |
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perl(1) -- Practical Extraction and Report Language
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Perl is a language optimized for scanning arbitrary text files, extracting information from those text files, and printing reports based on that information. It's also a good language for many system... |
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perlbug(1) -- how to submit bug reports on Perl
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|
A program to help generate bug reports about perl or the modules that come with it, and mail them. If you have found a bug with a non-standard port (one that was not part of the standard distribution)... |
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perlcc(1) -- generate executables from Perl programs
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|
perlcc creates standalone executables from Perl programs, using the code generators provided by the B module. At present, you may either create executable Perl bytecode, using the "-B" option, or ge... |
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pf2afm(1) -- Make an AFM file from Postscript (PFB/PFA/PFM) font files using ghostscript
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|
This script invokes gs(1) to make an AFM file from PFB / PFA and (optionally) PFM files. Output goes to fontfilename.afm, which must not already exist. |
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pgrep(1) -- look up or signal processes based on name and other attributes
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pgrep looks through the currently running processes and lists the process IDs which matches the selection criteria to stdout. All the criteria have to match. For example, pgrep -u root sshd will only ... |
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pic(1) -- compile pictures for troff or TeX
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|
This manual page describes the GNU version of pic, which is part of the groff document formatting system. pic compiles descriptions of pictures embedded within troff or TeX input files into commands t... |
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pinky(1) -- lightweight finger
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-l do long format output -b omit the user's home directory and shell in long format -h omit the user's project file in long format -p omit the user's plan file in long format -s do short format out... |
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pl2pm(1) -- Rough tool to translate Perl4 .pl files to Perl5 .pm modules.
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|
pl2pm is a tool to aid in the conversion of Perl4-style .pl library files to Perl5-style library modules. Usually, your old .pl file will still work fine and you should only use this tool if you plan ... |
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pod2html(1) -- convert .pod files to .html files
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|
Converts files from pod format (see perlpod) to HTML format. |
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pod2latex(1) -- convert pod documentation to latex format
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|
"pod2latex" is a program to convert POD format documentation (perlpod) into latex. It can process multiple input documents at a time and either generate a latex file per input document or a single c... |
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pod2man(1) -- Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
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pod2man is a front-end for Pod::Man, using it to generate *roff input from POD source. The resulting *roff code is suitable for display on a terminal using nroff(1), normally via man(1), or printing u... |
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pod2text(1) -- Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
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|
pod2text is a front-end for Pod::Text and its subclasses. It uses them to generate formatted ASCII text from POD source. It can optionally use either termcap sequences or ANSI color escape sequences t... |
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pod2usage(1) -- print usage messages from embedded pod docs in files
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|
pod2usage will read the given input file looking for pod documentation and will print the corresponding usage message. If no input file is specifed than standard input is read. pod2usage invokes the <... |
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podchecker(1) -- check the syntax of POD format documentation files
|
|
podchecker will read the given input files looking for POD syntax errors in the POD documentation and will print any errors it find to STDERR. At the end, it will print a status message indicating the... |
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podselect(1) -- print selected sections of pod documentation on standard output
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|
podselect will read the given input files looking for pod documentation and will print out (in raw pod format) all sections that match one ore more of the given section specifications. If no section s... |
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pon(1) -- starts up, shuts down or lists the log of PPP connections
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|
This manual page describes the pon, plog and poff scripts, which allow users to control PPP connections. pon pon, invoked without arguments, runs the /etc/ppp/ppp_on_boot file, if it exists and is exe... |
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pr(1) -- convert text files for printing
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|
Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing. +FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE], --pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE] begin [stop] printing with page FIRST_[LAST_]PAGE -COLUMN, --columns=COLUMN produce COLUMN-column ou... |
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printenv(1) -- print all or part of environment
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|
If no environment VARIABLE specified, print them all. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
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printf(1) -- format and print data
|
|
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of printf which will supercede the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation for details about the options it supports. Print ARGUME... |
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ps(1) -- report process status
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|
ps gives a snapshot of the current processes. If you want a repetitive update of this status, use top. This man page documents the /proc-based version of ps, or tries to. |
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ps2ascii(1) -- Ghostscript translator from PostScript or PDF to ASCII
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|
ps2ascii uses gs(1) to extract ASCII text from PostScript(tm) or Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) files. If no files are specified on the command line, gs reads from standard input; but PDF input ... |
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ps2epsi(1) -- generate conforming Encapsulated PostScript
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|
ps2epsi uses gs(1) to process a PostScript(tm) file and generate as output a new file which conforms to Adobe's Encapsulated PostScript Interchange (EPSI) format. EPSI is a special form of encapsulat... |
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ps2pdf(1) -- Convert PostScript to PDF using ghostscript
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|
The ps2pdf scripts are work-alikes for nearly all the functionality (but not the user interface) of Adobe's Acrobat(TM) Distiller(TM) product: they convert PostScript files to Portable Document Forma... |
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ps2pdfwr(1) -- Convert PostScript to PDF without specifying CompatibilityLevel, using ghostscript
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|
This script invokes gs(1) with following arguments -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite as well as the -dOutputFile argument, all preceded and followed by any command-line arguemnts. |
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ps2ps(1) -- Ghostscript PostScript "distiller"
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|
ps2ps uses gs(1) to convert PostScript(tm) file "input.ps" to simpler and (usually) faster PostScript in "output.ps". Normally the output is allowed to use PostScript Level 2 constructs, but the -... |
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psfaddtable(1) -- add a Unicode character table to a console font
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|
psfaddtable takes a console font in .psf format given by fontfile and merges it with the Unicode character table given by tablefile to produce a font file with an embedded character table, which is wr... |
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psfgettable(1) -- extract the embedded Unicode character table from a console font
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|
psfgettable extracts the embedded Unicode character table from a .psf format console font into a human readable ASCII file of the format used by psfaddtable(1). If the font file name is a single dash ... |
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psfstriptable(1) -- remove the embedded Unicode character table from a console font
|
|
psfstriptable reads a .psf format console font from fontfile, or standard input if fontfile is a single dash (-), which may have an embedded Unicode font table, and writes (to standard output or the s... |
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pstree(1) -- display a tree of processes
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|
pstree shows running processes as a tree. The tree is rooted at either pid or init if pid is omitted. If a user name is specified, all process trees rooted at processes owned by that user are shown. p... |
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pstruct(1) -- Dump C structures as generated from "cc -g -S" stabs
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|
The following is the old c2ph.doc documentation by Tom Christiansen Date: 25 Jul 91 08:10:21 GMT Once upon a time, I wrote a program called pstruct. It was a perl program that tried... |
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ptx(1) -- produce a permuted index of file contents
|
|
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -A, --auto-reference output automatically generated references -C, --copyright display Copyright and copying conditions -G, --t... |
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pwd(1) -- print name of current/working directory
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|
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of pwd which will supercede the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation for details about the options it supports. Print the full ... |
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python2.1(1) -- an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
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Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language that combines remarkable power with very clear syntax. For an introduction to programming in Python you are referred to the ... |
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ranlib(1) -- generate index to archive.
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|
ranlib generates an index to the contents of an archive and stores it in the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by a member of an archive that is a relocatable object file. You may use nm -s... |
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rbash(1) -- restricted bash, see bash(1)
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rcs2log(1) -- generates a changelog from RCS files
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rcslog generates a change log from RCS files, which can possibly be located in a CVS repository, and outputs the new change log to standard output. If no FILE is specified, rcs2log will use the files ... |
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readelf(1) -- Displays information about ELF files.
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|
readelf displays information about one or more ELF format object files. The options control what particular information to display. elffile... are the object files to be examined. At the moment, reade... |
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readlink(1) -- display target of symbolic link on standard output
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|
The readlink utility when invoked with the pathname of a symbolic link as its argument dereferences the symbolic link and prints the name of target on standard output. If readlink is invoked with an a... |
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readprofile(1) -- a tool to read kernel profiling information
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|
The readprofile command uses the /proc/profile information to print ascii data on standard output. The output is organized in three columns: the first is the number of clock ticks, the second is the n... |
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rename(1) -- renames multiple files
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|
"rename" renames the filenames supplied according to the rule specified as the first argument. The perlexpr argument is a Perl expression which is expected to modify the $_ string in Perl for at lea... |
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renice(1) -- alter priority of running processes
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|
Renice alters the scheduling priority of one or more running processes. The following who parameters are interpreted as process ID's, process group ID's, or user names. Renice'ing a process group c... |
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replay(1) -- play back typescripts, using timing information
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|
This program replays a typescript, using timing information to ensure that output happens at the same speed as it originally appeared when the script was recorded. It is only guaranteed to work preper... |
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rev(1) -- reverse lines of a file
|
|
The rev utility copies the specified files to the standard output, reversing the order of characters in every line. If no files are specified, the standard input is read. FreeBSD 5.2.1 March 21, 1992 ... |
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rm(1) -- remove files or directories
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|
This manual page documents the GNU version of rm. rm removes each specified file. By default, it does not remove directories. If a file is unwritable, the standard input is a tty, and the -f or --forc... |
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rmccmt(1) -- remove comments from C and C++ programs
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|
This program removes comments from C source code, both traditional and C++ style comments. Each traditional comment is replaced with one space, and C++ style comment is replaced with a newline. With t... |
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rmdir(1) -- remove empty directories
|
|
Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty. --ignore-fail-on-non-empty ignore each failure that is solely because a directory is nonempty -p, --parents remove DIRECTORY, then try to remove each dire... |
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rpcgen(1) -- an RPC protocol compiler
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|
rpcgen is a tool that generates C code to implement an RPC protocol. The input to rpcgen is a language similar to C known as RPC Language (Remote Procedure Call Lan... |
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rusers(1) -- who is logged in to machines on local network
|
|
The rusers command produces output similar to who, but for the list of hosts or all machines on the local network. For each host responding to the rusers query, the hostname with the names of the user... |
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s2p(1) -- Sed to Perl translator
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|
s2p takes a sed script specified on the command line (or from standard input) and produces a comparable perl script on the standard output. Options [Toc] [Back] Options include: -D sets ... |
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sane-find-scanner(1) -- find SCSI and USB scanners and their device files
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|
sane-find-scanner is a command-line tool to find SCSI and some USB scanners and determine their Unix device files. It's part of the sanebackends package. It checks the default generic SCSI devices, e... |
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saned(1) -- SANE network daemon
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|
saned is the SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) daemon that allows remote clients to access image acquisition devices available on the local host. |
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scanimage(1) -- scan an image
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|
scanimage is a command-line interface to control image acquisition devices such as flatbed scanners or cameras. The device is controlled via command-line options. After command-line processing, scanim... |
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script(1) -- make typescript of terminal session
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|
Script makes a typescript of everything printed on your terminal. It is useful for students who need a hardcopy record of an interactive session as proof of an assignment, as the typescript file can b... |
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sdiff(1) -- find differences between two files and merge interactively
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|
The sdiff command merges two files and interactively outputs the results to outfile. If from-file is a directory and to-file is not, sdiff compares the file in from-file whose file name is that of to-... |
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sed(1) -- a Stream EDitor
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|
Sed is a stream editor. A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a pipeline). While in some ways similar to an editor which permits script... |
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sensible-editor(1) -- sensible editing and paging
|
|
sensible-editor and sensible-pager make sensible decisions on which editor and pager to call, respectively. Programs under Debian GNU/Linux can use these scripts as their default editor and pager or e... |
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seq(1) -- prints a sequence of numbers
|
|
This manual page documents briefly the GNU seq command. This manual page was written for the Debian GNU/Linux distribution (but may be used by others), because the original program does not have a man... |
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setfdprm(1) --
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setleds(1) -- set the keyboard leds
|
|
setleds reports and changes the led flag settings of the current VT (namely NumLock, CapsLock and ScrollLock). Without arguments, setleds prints the current settings. With arguments, it sets or clears... |
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setmetamode(1) -- define the keyboard meta key handling
|
|
Without argument, setmetamode prints the current Meta key mode. With argument, it sets the Meta key mode as indicated. The setting before and after the change are reported. The Meta key mode is specif... |
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setterm(1) -- set terminal attributes
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|
setterm writes to standard output a character string that will invoke the specified terminal capabilities. Where possible terminfo is consulted to find the string to use. Some options however (marked ... |
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sfconvert(1) -- convert between various audio formats
|
|
The sfconvert tool can be used to convert audio files from one audio format to another. The files' audio formats have to be supported by libaudiofile. |
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sfinfo(1) -- display information about audio files
|
|
Given one or more input audio files, sfinfo displays information about the audio data and the sound file itself, like the file format, audio encoding, sampling rate, or duration. The file format must ... |
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showcfont(1) -- displays all characters in the current screen-font.
|
|
showfont uses successive switches of the Application Charset Map in 8-bit console-mode to have all 256 or 512 characters in the current font displayed on the screen. |
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showkey(1) -- examine the scan codes and keycodes sent by the keyboard
|
|
showkey prints to standard output either the scan codes, the keycode, or the character of each key pressed/released. The program runs until 10 seconds (or the amount of time specified by the --timeout... |
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shred(1) -- delete a file securely, first overwriting it to hide its contents
|
|
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data. -f, --force change permissions to allow writing if necessary -n, --... |
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size(1) -- list section sizes and total size.
|
|
The GNU size utility lists the section sizes---and the total size---for each of the object or archive files objfile in its argument list. By default, one line of output is generated for each object fi... |
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skill(1) -- report process status
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|
The default signal for skill is TERM. Use -l or -L to list available signals. Particularly useful signals include HUP, INT, KILL, STOP, CONT, and 0. Alternate signals may be specified in three ways: -... |
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sleep(1) -- delay for a specified amount of time
|
|
Pause for NUMBER seconds. SUFFIX may be `s' for seconds (the default), `m' for minutes, `h' for hours or `d' for days. Unlike most implementations that require NUMBER be an integer, here NUMBER ma... |
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soelim(1) -- interpret .so requests in groff input
|
|
soelim reads files and replaces lines of the form .so file by the contents of file. It is useful if files included with so need to be preprocessed. Normally, soelim should be invoked with the -s optio... |
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sort(1) -- sort lines of text files
|
|
Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output. +POS1 [-POS2] start a key at POS1, end it *before* POS2 (obsolescent) field numbers and character offsets are numbered starting with zero ... |
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splain(1) -- standalone program to do the same thing
|
|
The "diagnostics" Pragma This module extends the terse diagnostics normally emitted by both the perl compiler and the perl interpreter, augmenting them with the more explicative and endearing descri... |
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split(1) -- split a file into pieces
|
|
Output fixed-size pieces of INPUT to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...; default PREFIX is `x'. With no INPUT, or when INPUT is -, read standard input. -b, --bytes=SIZE put SIZE bytes per output file -C, --line... |
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strace(1) -- trace system calls and signals
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|
In the simplest case strace runs the specified command until it exits. It intercepts and records the system calls which are called by a process and the signals which are received by a process. The nam... |
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strings(1) -- print the strings of printable characters in files.
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|
For each file given, GNU strings prints the printable character sequences that are at least 4 characters long (or the number given with the options below) and are followed by an unprintable character.... |
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strip(1) -- Discard symbols from object files.
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|
GNU strip discards all symbols from object files objfile. The list of object files may include archives. At least one object file must be given. strip modifies the files named in its argument, rather ... |
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stty(1) -- change and print terminal line settings
|
|
Print or change terminal characteristics. -a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form -g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form -F, --file=DEVICE open and use the s... |
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su(1) -- Change user ID or become super-user
|
|
su is used to become another user during a login session. Invoked without a username, su defaults to becoming the super user. The optional argument - may be used to provide an environment similiar to ... |
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sum(1) -- checksum and count the blocks in a file
|
|
Print checksum and block counts for each FILE. -r defeat -s, use BSD sum algorithm, use 1K blocks -s, --sysv use System V sum algorithm, use 512 bytes blocks --help display this help and exit --versio... |
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superformat(1) --
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sync(1) -- flush filesystem buffers
|
|
Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
|
tac(1) -- concatenate and print files in reverse
|
|
Write each FILE to standard output, last line first. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. -b, --before attach the separator before instead of after -r, --regex interpret the separator... |
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tack(1) -- terminfo action checker
|
|
The tack program has three purposes: (1) to help you build a new terminfo entry describing an unknown terminal, (2) to test the correctness of an existing entry, and (3) to develop the correct pad tim... |
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tail(1) -- output the last part of files
|
|
Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. --retry keep tr... |
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tar(1) -- The GNU version of the tar archiving utility
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|
This manual page documents the GNU version of tar , an archiving program designed to store and extract files from an archive file known as a tarfile. A tarfile may be made on a tape drive, however, it... |
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tbl(1) -- format tables for troff
|
|
This manual page describes the GNU version of tbl, which is part of the groff document formatting system. tbl compiles descriptions of tables embedded within troff input files into commands that are u... |
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tclsh8.0(1) -- Simple shell containing Tcl interpreter
|
|
Tclsh is a shell-like application that reads Tcl commands from its standard input or from a file and evaluates them. If invoked with no arguments then it runs interactively, reading Tcl commands from ... |
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tclsh8.3(1) -- Simple shell containing Tcl interpreter
|
|
Tclsh is a shell-like application that reads Tcl commands from its standard input or from a file and evaluates them. If invoked with no arguments then it runs interactively, reading Tcl commands from ... |
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tcsh(1) -- C shell with file name completion and command line editing
|
|
tcsh is an enhanced but completely compatible version of the Berkeley UNIX C shell, csh(1). It is a command language interpreter usable both as an interactive login shell and a shell script command pr... |
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tee(1) -- read from standard input and write to standard output and files
|
|
Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output. -a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite -i, --ignore-interrupts ignore interrupt signals --help display this help and ex... |
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telnet.netkit(1) -- user interface to the TELNET protocol
|
|
The telnet command is used for interactive communication with another host using the TELNET protocol. It begins in command mode, where it prints a telnet prompt ("telnet> "). If telnet is invoked wi... |
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tempfile(1) -- create a temporary file in a safe manner
|
|
tempfile creates a temporary file in a safe manner. It uses tempnam(3) to choose the name and opens it with O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL. The filename is printed on standard output. The directory to plac... |
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test(1) -- check file types and compare values
|
|
Exit with the status determined by EXPRESSION. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit EXPRESSION is true or false and sets exit status. It is one of: ( EXPRESS... |
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tic(1) -- the terminfo entry-description compiler
|
|
The command tic translates a terminfo file from source format into compiled format. The compiled format is necessary for use with the library routines in ncurses(3X). The results are normally placed i... |
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tixwish4.1(1) -- Windowing shell for interpreting Tix commands.
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|
Tixwish is a simple program consisting of the Tcl command language, the Tk toolkit, and a main program that reads commands from standard input or from a file. It creates a main window and then process... |
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tload(1) -- graphic representation of system load average
|
|
tload prints a graph of the current system load average to the specified tty (or the tty of the tload process if none is specified). Options [Toc] [Back] The -s scale option allows a vertical sc... |
|
toe(1) -- table of (terminfo) entries
|
|
With no options, toe lists all available terminal types by primary name with descriptions. File arguments specify the directories to be scanned; if no such arguments are given, your default terminfo d... |
|
top(1) -- display top CPU processes
|
|
top provides an ongoing look at processor activity in real time. It displays a listing of the most CPU-intensive tasks on the system, and can provide an interactive interface for manipulating processe... |
|
touch(1) -- change file timestamps
|
|
Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time. -a change only the access time -c, --no-create do not create any files -d, --date=STRING parse STRING and use it instead of c... |
|
tput(1) -- initialize a terminal or query terminfo database
|
|
The tput utility uses the terminfo database to make the values of terminal-dependent capabilities and information available to the shell (see sh(1)), to initialize or reset the terminal, or return the... |
|
tr(1) -- translate or delete characters
|
|
Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output. -c, --complement first complement SET1 -d, --delete delete characters in SET1, do not translate -s, --sque... |
|
troff(1) -- format documents
|
|
This manual page describes the GNU version of troff, which is part of the groff document formatting system. It is highly compatible with UNIX troff. Usually it should be invoked using the groff comman... |
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true(1) -- do nothing, successfully
|
|
Exit with a status code indicating success. These option names may not be abbreviated. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
|
tset(1) -- terminal initialization
|
|
Tset initializes terminals. Tset first determines the type of terminal that you are using. This determination is done as follows, using the first terminal type found. 1. The terminal argument specifie... |
|
tsort(1) -- perform topological sort
|
|
Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. --help display this help and exit --version output version information an... |
|
tty(1) -- print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input
|
|
Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input. -s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status --help display this help and exit --version output version information ... |
|
tzselect(1) -- view timezones
|
|
This manual page explains how you can use the tzselect utility to view the installed timezone. It comes handy when you want to know what time it is in other countries, or if you just wonder what timez... |
|
ul(1) -- do underlining
|
|
Ul reads the named files (or standard input if none are given) and translates occurrences of underscores to the sequence which indicates underlining for the terminal in use, as specified by the enviro... |
|
uname(1) -- print system information
|
|
Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s. -a, --all print all information -m, --machine print the machine (hardware) type -n, --nodename print the machine's network node hostname ... |
|
unexpand(1) -- convert spaces to tabs
|
|
Convert spaces in each FILE to tabs, writing to standard output. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. -a, --all convert all whitespace, instead of initial whitespace -t, --tabs=NUMBER... |
|
unicode_start(1) -- put the console in Unicode mode.
|
|
The unicode_start command puts both the screen and the keyboard in Uni- code mode, and maybe load the given font and screen-font map. If no args are given, the current font and screen-font map will be... |
|
unicode_stop(1) -- put the console out of unicode mode (ie. in 8-bit mode).
|
|
The unicode_stop command puts both the screen and the keyboard in 8-bit mode, canceling the effect of a previous call to unicode_start(1). |
|
uniq(1) -- remove duplicate lines from a sorted file
|
|
Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT (or standard input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output). -c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences -d, --repeated only prin... |
|
unlink(1) -- unlink a file
|
|
unlink the FILE. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
|
untrigraph(1) -- remove trigraphs from C source code
|
|
untrigraph converts trigraphs into their single character equivalents. See the entrigraph(1) manual page for a description of trigraphs. |
|
updatedb(1) -- update a file name database
|
|
This manual page documents the GNU version of updatedb, which updates file name databases used by GNU locate. The file name databases contain lists of files that were in particular directory trees whe... |
|
uptime(1) -- Tell how long the system has been running.
|
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uptime gives a one line display of the following information. The current time, how long the system has been running, how many users are currently logged on, and the system load averages for the past ... |
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users(1) -- print the user names of users currently logged in to the current host
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Output who is currently logged in according to FILE. If FILE is not specified, use /var/run/utmp. /var/log/wtmp as FILE is common. --help display this help and exit --version output version informatio... |
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uuidgen(1) -- command-line utility to create a new UUID value
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The uuidgen program creates a new universally unique identifier (UUID) using the libuuid(3) library. The new UUID can reasonably be considered unique among all UUIDs created on the local system, and a... |
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vdir(1) -- list directory contents
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List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort. -a, --all do not hide entries starting with . -A, --almost-all do not l... |
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vim(1) -- Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
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Vim is a text editor that is upwards compatible to Vi. It can be used to edit all kinds of plain text. It is especially useful for editing programs. There are a lot of enhancements above Vi: multi lev... |
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vimdiff(1) -- edit two or three versions of a file with Vim and show differences
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Vimdiff starts Vim on two (or three) files. Each file gets its own window. The differences between the files are highlighted. This is a nice way to inspect changes and to move changes from one version... |
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vimtutor(1) -- the Vim tutor
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Vimtutor starts the Vim tutor. It copies the tutor file first, so that it can be modified without changing the original file. The Vimtutor is useful for people that want to learn their first Vim comma... |
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vt-is-UTF8(1) -- check whether current VT is in UTF8- or byte-mode.
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vt-is-UTF8 checks whether the current VT is in UTF8 mode, by writing (and erasing afterwards) a 3-byte-long UTF8 sequence, and looking how much chars where displayed by the console driver. A message t... |
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w.procps(1) -- Show who is logged on and what they are doing.
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w displays information about the users currently on the machine, and their processes. The header shows, in this order, the current time, how long the system has been running, how many users are curren... |
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wall(1) -- write a message to users
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Wall displays the contents of file or, by default, its standard input, on the terminals of all currently logged in users. Only the super-user can write on the terminals of users who have chosen to den... |
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watch(1) -- execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen
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watch runs command repeatedly, displaying its output (the first screenfull). This allows you to watch the program output change over time. By default, the program is run every 2 seconds; use -n or --i... |
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wc(1) -- print the number of bytes, words, and lines in files
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Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. -c, --bytes, --chars print the byte counts -... |
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whatis(1) -- display manual page descriptions
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Each manual page has a short description available within it. whatis searches the manual page names and displays the manual page descriptions of any name matched. name may contain wildcards (-w) or be... |
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whereis(1) -- locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command
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whereis locates source/binary and manuals sections for specified files. The supplied names are first stripped of leading pathname components and any (single) trailing extension of the form .ext, for e... |
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which(1) -- locate a command
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|
which returns the files which would be executed had its arguments been given as commands. Debian GNU/Linux 15 May 1997 WHICH(1) |
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whiptail(1) -- display dialog boxes from shell scripts
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whiptail is a program that will let you to present a variety of questions or display messages using dialog boxes from a shell script. Currently, these types of dialog boxes are implemented: yes/no box... |
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who(1) -- show who is logged on
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-a, --all same as -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u -b, --boot time of last system boot -d, --dead print dead processes -H, --heading print line of column headings -i, --idle add idle time as HOURS:MINUTES... |
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whoami(1) -- print effective userid
|
|
Print the user name associated with the current effective user id. Same as id -un. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
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windres(1) -- manipulate Windows resources.
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|
windres reads resources from an input file and copies them into an output file. Either file may be in one of three formats: "rc" A text format read by the Resource Compiler. "res" A binary format ... |
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wish8.3(1) -- Simple windowing shell
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Wish is a simple program consisting of the Tcl command language, the Tk toolkit, and a main program that reads commands from standard input or from a file. It creates a main window and then processes ... |
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write(1) -- send a message to another user
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Write allows you to communicate with other users, by copying lines from your terminal to theirs. When you run the write command, the user you are writing to gets a message of the form: Message from yo... |
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xargs(1) -- build and execute command lines from standard input
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|
This manual page documents the GNU version of xargs. xargs reads arguments from the standard input, delimited by blanks (which can be protected with double or single quotes or a backslash) or newlines... |
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xdfcopy(1) --
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xgettext(1) -- extract translatable string from given input files
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|
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -a, --extract-all extract all strings -c, --add-comments[=TAG] place comment block with TAG (or those preceding keyword lines) ... |
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xpdf(1) -- Portable Document Format (PDF) file viewer for X (version 1.00)
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|
Xpdf is a viewer for Portable Document Format (PDF) files. (These are also sometimes also called 'Acrobat' files, from the name of Adobe's PDF software.) Xpdf runs under the X Window System on UNIX... |
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xvfb-run(1) -- run specified X client or command in a virtual X server environment
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|
xvfb-run is a wrapper for the Xvfb(1) command which simplifies the task of running commands (typically an X client, or a script containing a list of clients to be run) within a virtual X server enviro... |
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xxd(1) -- make a hexdump or do the reverse.
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|
xxd creates a hex dump of a given file or standard input. It can also convert a hex dump back to its original binary form. Like uuencode(1) and uudecode(1) it allows the transmission of binary data in... |
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yes(1) -- output a string repeatedly until killed
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|
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
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ypcat(1) -- print values of all keys in a NIS database
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ypcat prints the values of all keys from the NIS database specified by mapname, which may be a map name or a map nickname. |
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ypchfn(1) --
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ypchsh(1) --
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ypmatch(1) -- print the values of one or more keys from a NIS map
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ypmatch prints the values of one or more keys from the NIS database specified by mapname, which may be a map name or a map nickname. |
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yppasswd(1) -- change your password in the NIS database
|
|
The standard passwd(1), chfn(1) and chsh(1) cannot be used under Linux to change the users NIS password, shell and GECOS information, because they only modify the password file on the local host. For ... |
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ypwhich(1) -- return name of NIS server or map master
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ypwhich returns the name of the NIS server that supplies the NIS services to a NIS client, or which is the master for a map. If invoked without arguments, it gives the NIS server for the local machine... |
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yyextract(1) -- extract grammar rules from a yacc grammar
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The yyextract utility extracts the grammar rules from a yacc grammar. The options are as follows: -b Select the Backus-Naur Form (BNF) for the output. -e Select the Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) fo... |
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yyref(1) -- generate cross-reference for yacc input
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yyref generates cross-references for yacc input files. The output consists of a number listing of the header and rules part, followed by the cross-reference. The options are as follows: -o Set the out... |
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zdiff(1) -- compare compressed files
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Zcmp and zdiff are used to invoke the cmp or the diff program on compressed files. All options specified are passed directly to cmp or diff. If only 1 file is specified, then the files compared are fi... |
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zdump(1) -- time zone dumper
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Zdump prints the current time in each zonename named on the command line. These options are available: -v For each zonename on the command line, print the time at the lowest possible time value, the t... |
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zforce(1) -- force a '.gz' extension on all gzip files
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zforce forces a .gz extension on all gzip files so that gzip will not compress them twice. This can be useful for files with names truncated after a file transfer. On systems with a 14 char limitation... |
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zgrep(1) -- search possibly compressed files for a regular expression
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Zgrep is used to invoke the grep on compress'ed or gzip'ed files. All options specified are passed directly to grep. If no file is specified, then the standard input is decompressed if necessary and... |
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zless(1) -- file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
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Zless is a filter which allows examination of compressed or plain text files one screenful at a time on a soft-copy terminal. It is the equivalent of setting the environment variable PAGER to less, an... |
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zmore(1) -- file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
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Zmore is a filter which allows examination of compressed or plain text files one screenful at a time on a soft-copy terminal. zmore works on files compressed with compress, pack or gzip, and also on u... |
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znew(1) -- recompress .Z files to .gz files
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Znew recompresses files from .Z (compress) format to .gz (gzip) format. If you want to recompress a file already in gzip format, rename the file to force a .Z extension then apply znew. |
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zsoelim(1) -- satisfy .so requests in roff input
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zsoelim parses file arguments, or if none are specified, its standard input for lines of the form: .so These requests are replaced by the contents of the filename specified. If the request ... |
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accept(2) -- accept a connection on a socket
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The accept function is used with connection-based socket types (SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET and SOCK_RDM). It extracts the first connection request on the queue of pending connections, creates a new c... |
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access(2) -- check user's permissions for a file
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access checks whether the process would be allowed to read, write or test for existence of the file (or other file system object) whose name is pathname. If pathname is a symbolic link permissions of ... |
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acct(2) -- switch process accounting on or off
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When called with the name of an existing file as argument, accounting is turned on, records for each terminating process are appended to filename as it terminates. An argument of NULL causes accountin... |
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adjtimex(2) -- tune kernel clock
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Linux uses David L. Mills' clock adjustment algorithm (see RFC 1305). The system call adjtimex reads and optionally sets adjustment parameters for this algorithm. It takes a pointer to a timex struct... |
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alarm(2) -- set an alarm clock for delivery of a signal
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alarm arranges for a SIGALRM signal to be delivered to the process in seconds seconds. If seconds is zero, no new alarm is scheduled. In any event any previously set alarm is cancelled. |
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bdflush(2) -- start, flush, or tune buffer-dirty-flush daemon
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bdflush starts, flushes, or tunes the buffer-dirty-flush daemon. Only the super-user may call bdflush. If func is negative or 0, and no daemon has been started, then bdflush enters the daemon code and... |
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bind(2) -- bind a name to a socket
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bind gives the socket sockfd the local address my_addr. my_addr is addrlen bytes long. Traditionally, this is called "assigning a name to a socket." When a socket is created with socket(2), it exist... |
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brk(2) -- change data segment size
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brk sets the end of the data segment to the value specified by end_data_segment, when that value is reasonable, the system does have enough memory and the process does not exceed its max data size (se... |
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cacheflush(2) -- flush contents of instruction and/or data cache
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cacheflush flushes contents of indicated cache(s) for user addresses in the range addr to (addr+nbytes-1). Cache may be one of: ICACHE Flush the instruction cache. DCACHE Write back to memory and inva... |
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capget(2) -- set/get process capabilities
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|
As of Linux 2.2, the power of the superuser (root) has been partitioned into a set of discrete capabilities. Every process has a set of effective capabilities identifying which capabilities (if any) i... |
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chdir(2) -- change working directory
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chdir changes the current directory to that specified in path. fchdir is identical to chdir, only that the directory is given as an open file descriptor. |
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chmod(2) -- change permissions of a file
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The mode of the file given by path or referenced by fildes is changed. Modes are specified by or'ing the following: S_ISUID 04000 set user ID on execution S_ISGID 02000 set group ID on execution S_IS... |
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chown(2) -- change ownership of a file
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The owner of the file specified by path or by fd is changed. Only the super-user may change the owner of a file. The owner of a file may change the group of the file to any group of which that owner i... |
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chroot(2) -- change root directory
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chroot changes the root directory to that specified in path. This directory will be used for path names beginning with /. The root directory is inherited by all children of the current process. Only t... |
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clone(2) -- create a child process
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|
clone creates a new process, just like fork(2). clone is a library function layered on top of the underlying clone system call, hereinafter referred to as sys_clone. A description of sys_clone is give... |
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close(2) -- close a file descriptor
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close closes a file descriptor, so that it no longer refers to any file and may be reused. Any locks held on the file it was associated with, and owned by the process, are removed (regardless of the f... |
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connect(2) -- initiate a connection on a socket
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|
The file descriptor sockfd must refer to a socket. If the socket is of type SOCK_DGRAM then the serv_addr address is the address to which datagrams are sent by default, and the only address from which... |
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create_module(2) -- create a loadable module entry
|
|
create_module attempts to create a loadable module entry and reserve the kernel memory that will be needed to hold the module. This system call is only open to the superuser. |
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delete_module(2) -- delete a loadable module entry
|
|
delete_module attempts to remove an unused loadable module entry. If name is NULL, all unused modules marked auto-clean will be removed. This system call is only open to the superuser. |
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dup(2) -- duplicate a file descriptor
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|
dup and dup2 create a copy of the file descriptor oldfd. After successful return of dup or dup2, the old and new descriptors may be used interchangeably. They share locks, file position pointers and f... |
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execve(2) -- execute program
|
|
execve() executes the program pointed to by filename. filename must be either a binary executable, or a script starting with a line of the form "#! interpreter [arg]". In the latter case, the interp... |
|
fcntl(2) -- manipulate file descriptor
|
|
fcntl performs one of various miscellaneous operations on fd. The operation in question is determined by cmd: F_DUPFD Find the lowest numbered available file descriptor greater than or equal to arg an... |
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fdatasync(2) -- synchronize a file's in-core data with that on disk
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fdatasync flushes all data buffers of a file to disk (before the system call returns). It resembles fsync but is not required to update the metadata such as access time. Applications that access datab... |
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flock(2) -- apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file
|
|
Apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file. The file is specified by fd. Valid operations are given below: LOCK_SH Shared lock. More than one process may hold a shared lock for a given file at a... |
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fork(2) -- create a child process
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|
fork creates a child process that differs from the parent process only in its PID and PPID, and in the fact that resource utilizations are set to 0. File locks and pending signals are not inherited. U... |
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fsync(2) -- synchronize a file's complete in-core state with that on disk
|
|
fsync copies all in-core parts of a file to disk, and waits until the device reports that all parts are on stable storage. It also updates metadata stat information. It does not necessarily ensure tha... |
|
getdents(2) -- get directory entries
|
|
getdents reads several dirent structures from the directory pointed at by fd into the memory area pointed to by dirp. The parameter count is the size of the memory area. The dirent structure is declar... |
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getdomainname(2) -- get/set domain name
|
|
These functions are used to access or to change the domain name of the current processor. If the NUL-terminated domain name requires more than len bytes, getdomainname returns the first len bytes (gli... |
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getdtablesize(2) -- get descriptor table size
|
|
getdtablesize returns the maximum number of files a process can have open. |
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getgid(2) -- get group identity
|
|
getgid returns the real group ID of the current process. getegid returns the effective group ID of the current process. The real ID corresponds to the ID of the calling process. The effective ID corre... |
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getgroups(2) -- get/set list of supplementary group IDs
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|
getgroups Up to size supplementary group IDs are returned in list. It is unspecified whether the effective group ID of the calling process is included in the returned list. (Thus, an application shoul... |
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gethostid(2) -- get or set the unique identifier of the current host
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|
Get or set a unique 32-bit identifier for the current machine. The 32-bit identifier is intended to be unique among all UNIX systems in existence. This normally resembles the Internet address for the ... |
|
gethostname(2) -- get/set host name
|
|
These functions are used to access or to change the host name of the current processor. |
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getitimer(2) -- get or set value of an interval timer
|
|
The system provides each process with three interval timers, each decrementing in a distinct time domain. When any timer expires, a signal is sent to the process, and the timer (potentially) restarts.... |
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getpagesize(2) -- get system page size
|
|
Return the number of bytes in a page. This is the system's page size, which is not necessarily the same as the hardware page size. |
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getpeername(2) -- get name of connected peer
|
|
Getpeername returns the name of the peer connected to socket s. The namelen parameter should be initialized to indicate the amount of space pointed to by name. On return it contains the actual size of... |
|
getpid(2) -- get process identification
|
|
getpid returns the process ID of the current process. (This is often used by routines that generate unique temporary file names.) getppid returns the process ID of the parent of the current process. |
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getpriority(2) -- get/set program scheduling priority
|
|
The scheduling priority of the process, process group, or user, as indicated by which and who is obtained with the getpriority call and set with the setpriority call. Which is one of PRIO_PROCESS, PRI... |
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getresuid(2) -- get real, effective and saved user or group ID
|
|
getresuid and getresgid (both introduced in Linux 2.1.44) get the real, effective and saved user ID's (resp. group ID's) of the current process. |
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getrlimit(2) -- get/set resource limits and usage
|
|
getrlimit and setrlimit get and set resource limits respectively. resource should be one of: RLIMIT_CPU /* CPU time in seconds */ RLIMIT_FSIZE /* Maximum filesize */ RLIMIT_DATA /* max data size */ RL... |
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getsid(2) -- get session ID
|
|
getsid(0) returns the session ID of the calling process. getsid(p) returns the session ID of the process with process ID p. |
|
getsockname(2) -- get socket name
|
|
Getsockname returns the current name for the specified socket. The namelen parameter should be initialized to indicate the amount of space pointed to by name. On return it contains the actual size of ... |
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getsockopt(2) -- get and set options on sockets
|
|
Getsockopt and setsockopt manipulate the options associated with a socket. Options may exist at multiple protocol levels; they are always present at the uppermost socket level. When manipulating socke... |
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gettimeofday(2) -- get / set time
|
|
gettimeofday and settimeofday can get and set the time as well as a timezone. tv is a timeval struct, as specified in /usr/include/sys/time.h: struct timeval { long tv_sec; /* seconds */ long tv_usec;... |
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getuid(2) -- get user identity
|
|
getuid returns the real user ID of the current process. geteuid returns the effective user ID of the current process. The real ID corresponds to the ID of the calling process. The effective ID corresp... |
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get_kernel_syms(2) -- retrieve exported kernel and module symbols
|
|
If table is NULL, get_kernel_syms returns the number of symbols available for query. Otherwise it fills in a table of structures: struct kernel_sym { unsigned long value; char name[60]; }; The symbols... |
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idle(2) -- make process 0 idle
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|
idle is an internal system call used during bootstrap. It marks the process's pages as swappable, lowers its priority, and enters the main scheduling loop. idle never returns. Only process 0 may call... |
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init_module(2) -- initialize a loadable module entry
|
|
init_module loads the relocated module image into kernel space and runs the module's init function. The module image begins with a module structure and is followed by code and data as appropriate. Th... |
|
intro(2) -- Introduction to system calls
|
|
This chapter describes the Linux system calls. For a list of the 164 syscalls present in Linux 2.0, see syscalls(2). Calling Directly [Toc] [Back] In most cases, it is unnecessary to invoke a sy... |
|
ioctl(2) -- control device
|
|
The ioctl function manipulates the underlying device parameters of special files. In particular, many operating characteristics of character special files (e.g. terminals) may be controlled with ioctl... |
|
ioctl_list(2) -- list of ioctl calls in Linux/i386 kernel
|
|
This is Ioctl List 1.3.27, a list of ioctl calls in Linux/i386 kernel 1.3.27. It contains 421 ioctls from /usr/include/{asm,linux}/*.h. For each ioctl, I list its numerical value, its name, and its ar... |
|
ioperm(2) -- set port input/output permissions
|
|
Ioperm sets the port access permission bits for the process for num bytes starting from port address from to the value turn_on. The use of ioperm requires root privileges. Only the first 0x3ff I/O por... |
|
iopl(2) -- change I/O privilege level
|
|
iopl changes the I/O privilege level of the current process, as specified in level. This call is necessary to allow 8514-compatible X servers to run under Linux. Since these X servers require access t... |
|
ipc(2) -- System V IPC system calls
|
|
ipc() is a common kernel entry point for the System V IPC calls for messages, semaphores, and shared memory. call determines which IPC function to invoke; the other arguments are passed through to the... |
|
kill(2) -- send signal to a process
|
|
The kill system call can be used to send any signal to any process group or process. If pid is positive, then signal sig is sent to pid. If pid equals 0, then sig is sent to every process in the proce... |
|
killpg(2) -- send signal to a process group
|
|
Killpg sends the signal sig to the process group pgrp. See sigac- tion(2) for a list of signals. If pgrp is 0, killpg sends the signal to the sending process's process group. The sending process and ... |
|
link(2) -- make a new name for a file
|
|
link creates a new link (also known as a hard link) to an existing file. If newpath exists it will not be overwritten. This new name may be used exactly as the old one for any operation; both names re... |
|
listen(2) -- listen for connections on a socket
|
|
To accept connections, a socket is first created with socket(2), a willingness to accept incoming connections and a queue limit for incoming connections are specified with listen, and then the connect... |
|
llseek(2) -- reposition read/write file offset
|
|
The _llseek function repositions the offset of the file descriptor fd to (offset_high<<32) | offset_low bytes relative to the beginning of the file, the current position in the file, or the end of the... |
|
lseek(2) -- reposition read/write file offset
|
|
The lseek function repositions the offset of the file descriptor fildes to the argument offset according to the directive whence as follows: SEEK_SET [Toc] [Back] The offset is set to offset byt... |
|
madvise(2) -- give advice about use of memory
|
|
The madvise system call advises the kernel about how to handle paging input/output in the address range beginning at address start and with size length bytes. It allows an application to tell the kern... |
|
mincore(2) -- get information on whether pages are in core
|
|
The mincore function requests a vector describing which pages of a file are in core and can be read without disk access. The kernel will supply data for length bytes following the start address. On re... |
|
mkdir(2) -- create a directory
|
|
mkdir attempts to create a directory named pathname. mode specifies the permissions to use. It is modified by the process's umask in the usual way: the permissions of the created file are (mode & ~um... |
|
mknod(2) -- create a special or ordinary file
|
|
mknod attempts to create a filesystem node (file, device special file or named pipe) named pathname, specified by mode and dev. mode specifies both the permissions to use and the type of node to be cr... |
|
mlock(2) -- disable paging for some parts of memory
|
|
mlock disables paging for the memory in the range starting at addr with length len bytes. All pages which contain a part of the specified memory range are guaranteed be resident in RAM when the mlock ... |
|
mlockall(2) -- disable paging for calling process
|
|
mlockall disables paging for all pages mapped into the address space of the calling process. This includes the pages of the code, data and stack segment, as well as shared libraries, user space kernel... |
|
mmap(2) -- map or unmap files or devices into memory
|
|
The mmap function asks to map length bytes starting at offset offset from the file (or other object) specified by the file descriptor fd into memory, preferably at address start. This latter address i... |
|
modify_ldt(2) -- get or set ldt
|
|
modify_ldt reads or writes the local descriptor table (ldt) for a process. The ldt is a per-process memory management table used by the i386 processor. For more information on this table, see an Intel... |
|
mount(2) -- mount and unmount filesystems.
|
|
mount attaches the filesystem specified by specialfile (which is often a device name) to the directory specified by dir. umount removes the attachment of the (topmost) filesystem mounted on dir. Only ... |
|
mprotect(2) -- control allowable accesses to a region of memory
|
|
mprotect controls how a section of memory may be accessed. If an access is disallowed by the protection given it, the program receives a SIGSEGV. prot is a bitwise-or of the following values: PROT_NON... |
|
mremap(2) -- re-map a virtual memory address
|
|
mremap expands (or shrinks) an existing memory mapping, potentially moving it at the same time (controlled by the flags argument and the available virtual address space). old_address is the old addres... |
|
msgctl(2) -- message control operations
|
|
The function performs the control operation specified by cmd on the message queue with identifier msqid. Legal values for cmd are: IPC_STAT Copy info from the message queue data structure into the str... |
|
msgget(2) -- get a message queue identifier
|
|
The function returns the message queue identifier associated to the value of the key argument. A new message queue is created if key has value IPC_PRIVATE or key isn't IPC_PRIVATE, no existing messag... |
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msgop(2) -- message operations
|
|
To send or receive a message, the calling process allocates a structure that looks like the following struct msgbuf { long mtype; /* message type, must be > 0 */ char mtext[1]; /* message data */ }; b... |
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msync(2) -- synchronize a file with a memory map
|
|
msync flushes changes made to the in-core copy of a file that was mapped into memory using mmap(2) back to disk. Without use of this call there is no guarantee that changes are written back before mun... |
|
munlock(2) -- reenable paging for some parts of memory
|
|
munlock reenables paging for the memory in the range starting at addr with length len bytes. All pages which contain a part of the specified memory range can after calling munlock be moved to external... |
|
munlockall(2) -- reenable paging for calling process
|
|
munlockall reenables paging for all pages mapped into the address space of the calling process. Memory locks do not stack, i.e., pages which have been locked several times by calls to mlock or mlockal... |
|
nanosleep(2) -- pause execution for a specified time
|
|
nanosleep delays the execution of the program for at least the time specified in *req. The function can return earlier if a signal has been delivered to the process. In this case, it returns -1, sets ... |
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nfsservctl(2) -- syscall interface to kernel nfs daemon
|
|
/* * These are the commands understood by nfsctl(). */ #define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* This is a server process. */ #define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* Add an NFS client. */ #define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* Remove an ... |
|
nice(2) -- change process priority
|
|
nice adds inc to the nice value for the calling pid. (A large nice value means a low priority.) Only the superuser may specify a negative increment, or priority increase. |
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obsolete(2) -- obsolete system calls
|
|
The Linux 2.0 kernel implements these calls to support old executables. These calls return structures which have grown since their first implementation, but old executables must continue to receive ol... |
|
open(2) -- open and possibly create a file or device
|
|
The open() system call is used to convert a pathname into a file descriptor (a small, non-negative integer for use in subsequent I/O as with read, write, etc.). When the call is successful, the file d... |
|
outb(2) -- port output
|
|
This family of functions is used to do low level port input and output. They are primarily designed for internal kernel use, but can be used from user space, given the following information in additio... |
|
pause(2) -- wait for signal
|
|
The pause library function causes the invoking process (or thread) to sleep until a signal is received that either terminates it or causes it to call a signal-catching function. |
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personality(2) -- set the process execution domain
|
|
Linux supports different execution domains, or personalities, for each process. Among other things, execution domains tell Linux how to map signal numbers into signal actions. The execution domain sys... |
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pipe(2) -- create pipe
|
|
pipe creates a pair of file descriptors, pointing to a pipe inode, and places them in the array pointed to by filedes. filedes[0] is for reading, filedes[1] is for writing. |
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pivot_root(2) -- change the root file system
|
|
pivot_root moves the root file system of the current process to the directory put_old and makes new_root the new root file system of the current process. The typical use of pivot_root is during system... |
|
poll(2) -- wait for some event on a file descriptor
|
|
poll is a variation on the theme of select. It specifies an array of nfds structures of type struct pollfd { int fd; /* file descriptor */ short events; /* requested events */ short revents; /* return... |
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prctl(2) -- operations on a process
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|
prctl is called with a first argument describing what to do (with values defined in ), and further parameters with a significance depending on the first one. The first argument can be: ... |
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pread(2) -- read from or write to a file descriptor at a given offset
|
|
pread() reads up to count bytes from file descriptor fd at offset off- set (from the start of the file) into the buffer starting at buf. The file offset is not changed. pwrite() writes up to count byt... |
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ptrace(2) -- process trace
|
|
The ptrace system call provides a means by which a parent process may observe and control the execution of another process, and examine and change its core image and registers. It is primarily used to... |
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query_module(2) -- query the kernel for various bits pertaining to modules.
|
|
query_module requests information related to loadable modules from the kernel. The precise nature of the information and its format depends on the which sub function. Some functions require name to na... |
|
quotactl(2) -- manipulate disk quotas
|
|
The quota system defines for each user and/or group a soft limit and a hard limit bounding the amount of disk space that can be used on a given file system. The hard limit cannot be crossed. The soft ... |
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read(2) -- read from a file descriptor
|
|
read() attempts to read up to count bytes from file descriptor fd into the buffer starting at buf. If count is zero, read() returns zero and has no other results. If count is greater than SSIZE_MAX, t... |
|
readdir(2) -- read directory entry
|
|
This is not the function you are interested in. Look at readdir(3) for the POSIX conforming C library interface. This page documents the bare kernel system call interface, which can change, and which ... |
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readlink(2) -- read value of a symbolic link
|
|
readlink places the contents of the symbolic link path in the buffer buf, which has size bufsiz. readlink does not append a NUL character to buf. It will truncate the contents (to a length of bufsiz c... |
|
readv(2) -- read or write a vector
|
|
readv reads data from file descriptor fd, and puts the result in the buffers described by vector. The number of buffers is specified by count. The buffers are filled in the order specified. Operates j... |
|
reboot(2) -- reboot or enable/disable Ctrl-Alt-Del
|
|
The reboot call reboots the system, or enables/disables the reboot keystroke (abbreviated CAD, since the default is Ctrl-Alt-Delete; it can be changed using loadkeys(1)). This system call will fail (w... |
|
recv(2) -- receive a message from a socket
|
|
The recvfrom and recvmsg calls are used to receive messages from a socket, and may be used to receive data on a socket whether or not it is connection-oriented. If from is not NULL, and the socket is ... |
|
rename(2) -- change the name or location of a file
|
|
rename renames a file, moving it between directories if required. Any other hard links to the file (as created using link(2)) are unaffected. If newpath already exists it will be atomically replaced (... |
|
rmdir(2) -- delete a directory
|
|
rmdir deletes a directory, which must be empty. |
|
sched_get_priority_max(2) -- get static priority range
|
|
sched_get_priority_max returns the maximum priority value that can be used with the scheduling algorithm identified by policy. sched_get_priority_min returns the minimum priority value that can be use... |
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sched_rr_get_interval(2) -- get the SCHED_RR interval for the named process
|
|
sched_rr_get_interval writes into the timespec structure pointed to by tp the round robin time quantum for the process identified by pid. If pid is zero, the time quantum for the calling process is wr... |
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sched_setparam(2) -- set and get scheduling parameters
|
|
sched_setparam sets the scheduling parameters associated with the scheduling policy for the process identified by pid. If pid is zero, then the parameters of the current process are set. The interpret... |
|
sched_setscheduler(2) -- set and get scheduling algorithm/parameters
|
|
sched_setscheduler sets both the scheduling policy and the associated parameters for the process identified by pid. If pid equals zero, the scheduler of the calling process will be set. The interpreta... |
|
sched_yield(2) -- yield the processor
|
|
A process can relinquish the processor voluntarily without blocking by calling sched_yield. The process will then be moved to the end of the queue for its static priority and a new process gets to run... |
|
select(2) -- synchronous I/O multiplexing
|
|
The functions select and pselect wait for a number of file descriptors to change status. Their function is identical, with three differences: (i) The select function uses a timeout that is a struct ti... |
|
semctl(2) -- semaphore control operations
|
|
The function performs the control operation specified by cmd on the semaphore set (or on the semnum-th semaphore of the set) identified by semid. The first semaphore of the set is indicated by a value... |
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semget(2) -- get a semaphore set identifier
|
|
The function returns the semaphore set identifier associated to the value of the argument key. A new set of nsems semaphores is created if key has value IPC_PRIVATE or key isn't IPC_PRIVATE, no exist... |
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semop(2) -- semaphore operations
|
|
The function performs operations on selected members of the semaphore set indicated by semid. Each of the nsops elements in the array pointed to by sops specify an operation to be performed on a semap... |
|
send(2) -- send a message from a socket
|
|
Send, sendto, and sendmsg are used to transmit a message to another socket. Send may be used only when the socket is in a connected state, while sendto and sendmsg may be used at any time. The address... |
|
sendfile(2) -- transfer data between file descriptors
|
|
This call copies data between one file descriptor and another. Either or both of these file descriptors may refer to a socket (but see below). in_fd should be a file descriptor opened for reading and ... |
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seteuid(2) -- set effective user or group ID
|
|
seteuid sets the effective user ID of the current process. Unprivileged user processes may only set the effective user ID to the real user ID, the effective user ID or the saved user ID. Precisely the... |
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setfsgid(2) -- set group identity used for file system checks
|
|
setfsgid sets the group ID that the Linux kernel uses to check for all accesses to the file system. Normally, the value of fsgid will shadow the value of the effective group ID. In fact, whenever the ... |
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setfsuid(2) -- set user identity used for file system checks
|
|
setfsuid sets the user ID that the Linux kernel uses to check for all accesses to the file system. Normally, the value of fsuid will shadow the value of the effective user ID. In fact, whenever the ef... |
|
setgid(2) -- set group identity
|
|
setgid sets the effective group ID of the current process. If the caller is the superuser, the real and saved group ID's are also set. Under Linux, setgid is implemented like the POSIX version with t... |
|
setpgid(2) -- set/get process group
|
|
setpgid sets the process group ID of the process specified by pid to pgid. If pid is zero, the process ID of the current process is used. If pgid is zero, the process ID of the process specified by pi... |
|
setresuid(2) -- set real, effective and saved user or group ID
|
|
setresuid (introduced in Linux 2.1.44) sets the real user ID, the effective user ID, and the saved set-user-ID of the current process. Unprivileged user processes (i.e., processes with each of real, e... |
|
setreuid(2) -- set real and/or effective user or group ID
|
|
setreuid sets real and effective user IDs of the current process. Unprivileged users may only set the real user ID to the real user ID or the effective user ID, and may only set the effective user ID ... |
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setsid(2) -- creates a session and sets the process group ID
|
|
setsid() creates a new session if the calling process is not a process group leader. The calling process is the leader of the new session, the process group leader of the new process group, and has no... |
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setuid(2) -- set user identity
|
|
setuid sets the effective user ID of the current process. If the effective userid of the caller is root, the real and saved user ID's are also set. Under Linux, setuid is implemented like the POSIX v... |
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setup(2) -- setup devices and file systems, mount root file system
|
|
setup is called once from within linux/init/main.c. It calls initialization functions for devices and file systems configured into the kernel and then mounts the root file system. No user process may ... |
|
shmctl(2) -- shared memory control
|
|
shmctl() allows the user to receive information on a shared memory segment, set the owner, group, and permissions of a shared memory segment, or destroy a segment. The information about the segment id... |
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shmget(2) -- allocates a shared memory segment
|
|
shmget() returns the identifier of the shared memory segment associated to the value of the argument key. A new shared memory segment, with size equal to the round up of size to a multiple of PAGE_SIZ... |
|
shmop(2) -- shared memory operations
|
|
The function shmat attaches the shared memory segment identified by shmid to the data segment of the calling process. The attaching address is specified by shmaddr with one of the following criteria: ... |
|
shutdown(2) -- shut down part of a full-duplex connection
|
|
The shutdown call causes all or part of a full-duplex connection on the socket associated with s to be shut down. If how is 0, further receives will be disallowed. If how is 1, further sends will be d... |
|
sigaction(2) -- POSIX signal handling functions.
|
|
The sigaction system call is used to change the action taken by a process on receipt of a specific signal. signum specifies the signal and can be any valid signal except SIGKILL and SIGSTOP. If act is... |
|
sigblock(2) -- manipulate the signal mask
|
|
This interface is made obsolete by sigprocmask(2). The sigblock system call adds the signals specified in mask to the set of signals currently being blocked from delivery. The sigsetmask system call r... |
|
signal(2) -- ANSI C signal handling
|
|
The signal() system call installs a new signal handler for the signal with number signum. The signal handler is set to sighandler which may be a user specified function, or either SIG_IGN or SIG_DFL. ... |
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sigpause(2) -- atomically release blocked signals and wait for interrupt
|
|
This interface is made obsolete by sigsuspend(2). sigpause assigns sigmask to the set of masked signals and then waits for a signal to arrive; on return the set of masked signals is restored. sigmask ... |
|
sigreturn(2) -- return from signal handler and cleanup stack frame
|
|
When the Linux kernel creates the stack frame for a signal handler, a call to sigreturn is inserted into the stack frame so that the the signal handler will call sigreturn upon return. This inserted c... |
|
sigvec(2) -- BSD software signal facilities
|
|
This interface is made obsolete by sigaction(2). Under Linux sigvec is #define'd to sigaction, and provides at best a rough approximation of the BSD sigvec interface. |
|
socket(2) -- create an endpoint for communication
|
|
Socket creates an endpoint for communication and returns a descriptor. The domain parameter specifies a communication domain; this selects the protocol family which will be used for communication. The... |
|
socketcall(2) -- socket system calls
|
|
socketcall is a common kernel entry point for the socket system calls. call determines which socket function to invoke. args points to a block containing the actual arguments, which are passed through... |
|
socketpair(2) -- create a pair of connected sockets
|
|
The call creates an unnamed pair of connected sockets in the specified domain d, of the specified type, and using the optionally specified protocol. The descriptors used in referencing the new sockets... |
|
stat(2) -- get file status
|
|
These functions return information about the specified file. You do not need any access rights to the file to get this information but you need search rights to all directories named in the path leadi... |
|
statfs(2) -- get file system statistics
|
|
statfs returns information about a mounted file system. path is the path name of any file within the mounted filesystem. buf is a pointer to a statfs structure defined as follows: struct statfs { long... |
|
stime(2) -- set time
|
|
stime sets the system's idea of the time and date. Time, pointed to by t, is measured in seconds from 00:00:00 GMT January 1, 1970. stime() may only be executed by the super user. |
|
swapon(2) -- start/stop swapping to file/device
|
|
swapon sets the swap area to the file or block device specified by path. swapoff stops swapping to the file or block device specified by path. swapon takes a swapflags argument. If swapflags has the S... |
|
symlink(2) -- make a new name for a file
|
|
symlink creates a symbolic link named newpath which contains the string oldpath. Symbolic links are interpreted at run-time as if the contents of the link had been substituted into the path being foll... |
|
sync(2) -- commit buffer cache to disk.
|
|
sync first commits inodes to buffers, and then buffers to disk. |
|
syscalls(2) -- list of all system calls
|
|
As of Linux 2.0.34, there are 164 system calls listed in /usr/include/asm/unistd.h. This man page lists them. _llseek(2), _newselect(2), _sysctl(2), access(2), acct(2), adjtimex(2), afs_syscall, alarm... |
|
sysctl(2) -- read/write system parameters
|
|
The _sysctl call reads and/or writes kernel parameters. For example, the hostname, or the maximum number of open files. The argument has the form struct __sysctl_args { int *name; /* integer vector de... |
|
sysfs(2) -- get file system type information
|
|
sysfs returns information about the file system types currently present in the kernel. The specific form of the sysfs call and the information returned depends on the option in effect: 1 Translate the... |
|
sysinfo(2) -- returns information on overall system statistics
|
|
Until Linux 2.3.16, sysinfo used to return information in the following structure: struct sysinfo { long uptime; /* Seconds since boot */ unsigned long loads[3]; /* 1, 5, and 15 minute load averages *... |
|
syslog(2) -- read and/or clear kernel message ring buffer; set console_loglevel
|
|
This is probably not the function you are interested in. Look at sys- log(3) for the C library interface. This page only documents the bare kernel system call interface. The type argument determines t... |
|
time(2) -- get time in seconds
|
|
time returns the time since the Epoch (00:00:00 UTC, January 1, 1970), measured in seconds. If t is non-NULL, the return value is also stored in the memory pointed to by t. |
|
times(2) -- get process times
|
|
The times() function stores the current process times in the struct tms that buf points to. The struct tms is as defined in : struct tms { clock_t tms_utime; /* user time */ clock_t tms_s... |
|
truncate(2) -- truncate a file to a specified length
|
|
Truncate causes the file named by path or referenced by fd to be truncated to at most length bytes in size. If the file previously was larger than this size, the extra data is lost. If the file previo... |
|
umask(2) -- set file creation mask
|
|
umask sets the umask to mask & 0777. The umask is used by open(2) to set initial file permissions on a newly-created file. Specifically, permissions in the umask are turned off from the mode argument ... |
|
uname(2) -- get name and information about current kernel
|
|
uname returns system information in the structure pointed to by buf. The utsname struct is as defined in : struct utsname { char sysname[SYS_NMLN]; char nodename[SYS_NMLN]; char release... |
|
unimplemented(2) -- unimplemented system calls
|
|
These system calls are not implemented in the Linux 2.0 kernel. |
|
unlink(2) -- delete a name and possibly the file it refers to
|
|
unlink deletes a name from the filesystem. If that name was the last link to a file and no processes have the file open the file is deleted and the space it was using is made available for reuse. If t... |
|
uselib(2) -- select shared library
|
|
uselib selects the shared library binary that will be used by the calling process. |
|
ustat(2) -- get file system statistics
|
|
ustat returns information about a mounted file system. dev is a device number identifying a device containing a mounted file system. ubuf is a pointer to a ustat structure that contains the following ... |
|
utime(2) -- change access and/or modification times of an inode
|
|
utime changes the access and modification times of the inode specified by filename to the actime and modtime fields of buf respectively. If buf is NULL, then the access and modification times of the f... |
|
vfork(2) -- create a child process and block parent
|
|
|
|
vhangup(2) -- virtually hangup the current tty
|
|
vhangup simulates a hangup on the current terminal. This call arranges for other users to have a "clean" tty at login time. |
|
vm86(2) -- enter virtual 8086 mode
|
|
The system call vm86 was introduced in Linux 0.97p2. In Linux 2.1.15 and 2.0.28 it was renamed to vm86old, and a new vm86 was introduced. The definition of `struct vm86_struct' was changed in 1.1.8 a... |
|
wait(2) -- wait for process termination
|
|
The wait function suspends execution of the current process until a child has exited, or until a signal is delivered whose action is to terminate the current process or to call a signal handling funct... |
|
wait4(2) -- wait for process termination, BSD style
|
|
The wait3 function suspends execution of the current process until a child has exited, or until a signal is delivered whose action is to terminate the current process or to call a signal handling func... |
|
write(2) -- write to a file descriptor
|
|
write writes up to count bytes to the file referenced by the file descriptor fd from the buffer starting at buf. POSIX requires that a read() which can be proved to occur after a write() has returned ... |
|
_exit(2) -- terminate the current process
|
|
_exit terminates the calling process immediately. Any open file descriptors belonging to the process are closed; any children of the process are inherited by process 1, init, and the process's parent... |
|
abort(3) -- cause abnormal program termination
|
|
The abort() function causes abnormal program termination unless the signal SIGABRT is caught and the signal handler does not return. If the abort() function causes program termination, all open stream... |
|
abs(3) -- compute the absolute value of an integer.
|
|
The abs() function computes the absolute value of the integer argument j. The labs(), llabs() and imaxabs() functions compute the absolute value of the argument j of the appropriate integer type for t... |
|
acos(3) -- arc cosine function
|
|
The acos() function calculates the arc cosine of x; that is the value whose cosine is x. If x falls outside the range -1 to 1, acos() fails and errno is set. |
|
acosh(3) -- inverse hyperbolic cosine function
|
|
The acosh() function calculates the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x; that is the value whose hyperbolic cosine is x. If x is less than 1.0, acosh() returns not-a-number (NaN) and errno is set. |
|
alloca(3) -- memory allocator
|
|
The alloca function allocates size bytes of space in the stack frame of the caller. This temporary space is automatically freed on return. |
|
asin(3) -- arc sine function
|
|
The asin() function calculates the arc sine of x; that is the value whose sine is x. If x falls outside the range -1 to 1, asin() fails and errno is set. |
|
asinh(3) -- inverse hyperbolic sine function
|
|
The asinh() function calculates the inverse hyperbolic sine of x; that is the value whose hyperbolic sine is x. |
|
assert(3) -- Abort the program if assertion is false.
|
|
assert() prints an error message to standard output and terminates the program by calling abort() if expression is false (i.e., compares equal to zero). This only happens when the macro NDEBUG was und... |
|
atan(3) -- arc tangent function
|
|
The atan() function calculates the arc tangent of x; that is the value whose tangent is x. |
|
atan2(3) -- arc tangent function of two variables
|
|
The atan2() function calculates the arc tangent of the two variables x and y. It is similar to calculating the arc tangent of y / x, except that the signs of both arguments are used to determine the q... |
|
atanh(3) -- inverse hyperbolic tangent function
|
|
The atanh() function calculates the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x; that is the value whose hyperbolic tangent is x. If the absolute value of x is greater than 1.0, acosh() returns not-a-number (NaN)... |
|
atexit(3) -- register a function to be called at normal program termination.
|
|
The atexit() function registers the given function to be called at normal program termination, whether via exit(3) or via return from the program's main. Functions so registered are called in the rev... |
|
atof(3) -- convert a string to a double.
|
|
The atof() function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to double. The behaviour is the same as strtod(nptr, (char **)NULL); except that atof() does not detect errors. |
|
atoi(3) -- convert a string to an integer.
|
|
The atoi() function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to int. The behaviour is the same as strtol(nptr, (char **)NULL, 10); except that atoi() does not detect errors. The a... |
|
barchart(3) -- Bar chart for plotting X-Y coordinate data.
|
|
The barchart command creates a bar chart for plotting two-dimensional data (X-Y coordinates). A bar chart is a graphic means of comparing numbers by displaying bars of lengths proportional to the y-co... |
|
basename(3) -- Parse pathname components
|
|
dirname and basename break a null-terminated pathname string into directory and filename components. In the usual case, dirname returns the string up to, but not including, the final '/', and basena... |
|
bcmp(3) -- compare byte strings
|
|
The bcmp() function compares the first n bytes of the strings s1 and s2. If the two strings are equal, bcmp() returns 0, otherwise it returns a non-zero result. If n is zero, the two strings are assum... |
|
bcopy(3) -- copy byte strings
|
|
The bcopy() function copies the first n bytes of the source string src to the destination string dest. If n is zero, no bytes are copied. |
|
beep(3) -- curses bell and screen flash routines
|
|
The beep and flash routines are used to alert the terminal user. The routine beep sounds an audible alarm on the terminal, if possible; otherwise it flashes the screen (visible bell). The routine flas... |
|
bgexec(3) -- Run programs in the background while handling Tk events.
|
|
The bgexec command executes programs in the background, allowing Tk to handle events. A global Tcl variable varName is set when the program has completed. |
|
bindresvport(3) -- bind a socket to a privileged IP port
|
|
bindresvport() is used to bind a socket descriptor to a privileged IP port, that is, a port number in the range 0-1023. The routine returns 0 if it is successful, otherwise -1 is returned and errno se... |
|
bindtextdomain(3) -- set directory containing message catalogs
|
|
The bindtextdomain function sets the base directory of the hierarchy containing message catalogs for a given message domain. A message domain is a set of translatable msgid messages. Usually, every so... |
|
bind_textdomain_codeset(3) -- set encoding of message translations
|
|
The bind_textdomain_codeset function sets the output codeset for message catalogs for domain domainname. A message domain is a set of translatable msgid messages. Usually, every software package has i... |
|
bitmap(3) -- Define a new bitmap from a Tcl script
|
|
The bitmap command lets you define new bitmaps. The bitmap can be specified as a list of data or a text string which is converted into a bitmap. You can arbitrarily scale or rotate the bitmap too. |
|
BLT(3) -- Introduction to the BLT library ____________________________________________________________________...
|
|
BLT is a library of extensions to the Tk library. It adds new commands and variables to the application's interpreter. |
|
bltdebug(3) -- print Tcl commands before execution
|
|
The bltdebug command is a simple tracing facility for Tcl commands. Each command line is printed before it is executed on standard error. The output consists of the command line both before and after ... |
|
bsearch(3) -- binary search of a sorted array.
|
|
The bsearch() function searches an array of nmemb objects, the initial member of which is pointed to by base, for a member that matches the object pointed to by key. The size of each member of the arr... |
|
bstring(3) -- byte string operations
|
|
The byte string functions perform operations on strings that are not NULL-terminated. See the individual man pages for descriptions of each function. |
|
btowc(3) -- convert single byte to wide character
|
|
The btowc function converts c, interpreted as a multibyte sequence of length 1, starting in the initial shift state, to a wide character and returns it. If c is EOF or not a valid multibyte sequence o... |
|
btree(3) -- btree database access method
|
|
The routine dbopen is the library interface to database files. One of the supported file formats is btree files. The general description of the database access methods is in dbopen(3), this manual pag... |
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busy(3) -- Make Tk widgets busy, temporarily blocking user interactions.
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The busy command provides a simple means to block keyboard, button, and pointer events from Tk widgets, while overriding the widget's cursor with a configurable busy cursor. |
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byteorder(3) -- convert values between host and network byte order
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The htonl() function converts the long integer hostlong from host byte order to network byte order. The htons() function converts the short integer hostshort from host byte order to network byte order... |
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bzero(3) -- write zeros to a byte string
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The bzero() function sets the first n bytes of the byte string s to zero. |
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catgets(3) -- get message from a message catalog
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catgets() reads the message message_number, in set set_number, from the message catalog identified by catalog, where catalog is a catalog descriptor returned from an earlier call to catopen(3). The fo... |
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catopen(3) -- open/close a message catalog
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catopen() opens a message catalog and returns a catalog descriptor. name specifies the name of the message catalog to be opened. If name specifies and absolute path, (i.e. contains a `/') then name s... |
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cbrt(3) -- cube root function
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The cbrt() function returns the cube root of x. This function cannot fail; every representable real value has a representable real cube root. |
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ceil(3) -- ceiling function: smallest integral value not less than argument
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These functions round x up to the nearest integer. |
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clock(3) -- Determine processor time
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The clock() function returns an approximation of processor time used by the program. |
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closedir(3) -- close a directory
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The closedir() function closes the directory stream associated with dir. The directory stream descriptor dir is not available after this call. |
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cmsg(3) -- Access ancillary data.
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These macros are used to create and access control messages (also called ancillary data) that are not a part of the socket payload. This control information may include the interface the packet was re... |
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confstr(3) -- get configuration dependent string variables
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confstr() gets the value of configuration - dependent string variables. The name argument is the system variable to be queried. The following variables are supported: _CS_PATH A value for the PATH var... |
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copysign(3) -- copy sign of a number
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The copysign() function returns a value whose absolute value matches x, but whose sign matches that of y. |
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cos(3) -- cosine function
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The cos() function returns the cosine of x, where x is given in radians. |
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cosh(3) -- hyperbolic cosine function
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The cosh() function returns the hyperbolic cosine of x, which is defined mathematically as (exp(x) + exp(-x)) / 2. |
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crypt(3) -- password and data encryption
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crypt provides acess to two algorithms for password encryption. One it's based on the Data Encryption Standard algorithm with variations intended (among other things) to discourage use of hardware im... |
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ctermid(3) -- get controlling terminal name
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ctermid() returns a string which is the pathname for the current controlling terminal for this process. If s is NULL, a static buffer is used, otherwise s points to a buffer used to hold the terminal ... |
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ctime(3) -- transform binary date and time to ASCII
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The ctime(), gmtime() and localtime() functions all take an argument of data type time_t which represents calendar time. When interpreted as an absolute time value, it represents the number of seconds... |
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cutbuffer(3) -- Manipulate X cut buffer properties
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The cutbuffer command allows you to read or modify the eight X cut buffer properties. You can also rotate the buffers properties. |
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daemon(3) -- run in the background
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The daemon() function is for programs wishing to detach themselves from the controlling terminal and run in the background as system daemons. Unless the argument nochdir is non-zero, daemon() changes ... |
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dbopen(3) -- database access methods
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Dbopen is the library interface to database files. The supported file formats are btree, hashed and UNIX file oriented. The btree format is a representation of a sorted, balanced tree structure. The h... |
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dcgettext(3) --
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dcngettext(3) --
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dgettext(3) --
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difftime(3) -- calculate time difference
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The difftime() function returns the number of seconds elapsed between time time1 and time time0. The two times are specified in calendar time, which represents the time elapsed since 00:00:00 on Janua... |
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div(3) -- computes the quotient and remainder of integer division
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The div() function computes the value numer/denom and returns the quotient and remainder in a structure named div_t that contains two integer members named quot and rem. |
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dlopen(3) -- Programming interface to dynamic linking loader.
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dlopen loads a dynamic library from the file named by the null terminated string filename and returns an opaque "handle" for the dynamic library. If filename is not an absolute path (i.e., it does n... |
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dngettext(3) --
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dragdrop(3) -- facilities for handling drag&drop data transfers
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The drag&drop command provides access to a set of facilities for managing drag-and-drop data transfers. Any of the usual Tk widgets can be registered to participate in the drag-and-drop process. Widge... |
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drand48(3) -- generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers
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These functions generate pseudo-random numbers using the linear congruential algorithm and 48-bit integer arithmetic. The drand48() and erand48() functions return non-negative double-precision floatin... |
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drem(3) -- floating-point remainder function
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The drem() function computes the remainder of dividing x by y. The return value is x - n * y, where n is the quotient of x / y, rounded to the nearest integer. If the quotient is 1/2, it is rounded to... |
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ecvt(3) -- convert a floating-point number to a string.
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The ecvt() function converts number to a null-terminated string of ndigits digits (where ndigits is reduced to an system-specific limit determined by the precision of a double), and returns a pointer ... |
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encrypt(3) -- Encrypt 64 bits messages
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These functions encrypt and decrypt 64 bit messages. The setkey() function sets the key used by encrypt(). The key parameter used here is an array of bytes, having each byte the numerical value 1 or 0... |
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eps(3) -- Encapsulated PostScript canvas item.
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The eps canvas item lets you place encapulated PostScript (EPS) on a canvas, controlling its size and placement. The EPS item is displayed either as a solid rectangle or a preview image. The preview i... |
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erf(3) -- error function and complementary error function
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The erf() function returns the error function of x; defined as erf(x) = 2/sqrt(pi)* integral from 0 to x of exp(-t*t) dt The erfc() function returns the complementary error function of x, that is 1.0 ... |
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errno(3) -- number of last error
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The integer errno is set by system calls (and some library functions) to indicate what went wrong. Its value is significant only when the call returned an error (usually -1), and a library function th... |
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exec(3) -- execute a file
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The exec family of functions replaces the current process image with a new process image. The functions described in this manual page are front-ends for the function execve(2). (See the manual page fo... |
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exit(3) -- cause normal program termination
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The exit() function causes normal program termination and the value of status is returned to the parent. All functions registered with atexit() and on_exit() are called in the reverse order of their r... |
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exp(3) -- exponential, logarithmic and power functions
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The exp() function returns the value of e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to the power of x. The log() function returns the natural logarithm of x. The log10() function returns the base-10 log... |
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expm1(3) -- exponential minus 1, logarithm of 1 plus argument
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expm1(x) returns a value equivalent to `exp (x) - 1'. It is computed in a way that is accurate even if the value of x is near zero--a case where `exp (x) - 1' would be inaccurate due to subtraction ... |
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fabs(3) -- absolute value of floating-point number
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The fabs functions return the absolute value of the floating-point number x. |
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fclose(3) -- close a stream
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The fclose function dissociates the named stream from its underlying file or set of functions. If the stream was being used for output, any buffered data is written first, using fflush(3). |
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fcloseall(3) -- close all open streams
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The fcloseall function dissociates all open streams from its underlying file or set of functions. Any buffered output data is written first, using fflush(3). Note that the standard streams (stdin, std... |
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fenv(3) -- C99 floating point rounding and exception handling
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These eleven functions were defined in C99, and describe the handling of floating point rounding and exceptions (overflow, zero-divide etc.). Exceptions [Toc] [Back] The DivideByZero exception o... |
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ferror(3) -- check and reset stream status
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The function clearerr clears the end-of-file and error indicators for the stream pointed to by stream. The function feof tests the end-of-file indicator for the stream pointed to by stream, returning ... |
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fflush(3) -- flush a stream
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The function fflush forces a write of all user-space buffered data for the given output or update stream via the stream's underlying write function. The open status of the stream is unaffected. If th... |
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ffs(3) -- find first bit set in a word
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The ffs() function returns the position of the first bit set in the word i. The least significant bit is position 1 and the most significant position 32. |
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fgetgrent(3) -- get group file entry
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The fgetgrent() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the group information from the file stream. The first time it is called it returns the first entry; thereafter, it returns successi... |
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fgetpwent(3) -- get password file entry
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The fgetpwent() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the broken out fields of a line in the file stream. The first time it is called it returns the first entry; thereafter, it returns ... |
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fgetwc(3) -- read a wide character from a FILE stream
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The fgetwc function is the wide-character equivalent of the fgetc function. It reads a wide character from stream and returns it. If the end of stream is reached, or if ferror(stream) becomes true, it... |
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fgetws(3) -- read a wide character string from a FILE stream
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The fgetws function is the wide-character equivalent of the fgets function. It reads a string of at most n-1 wide characters into the widecharacter array pointed to by ws, and adds a terminating L'\... |
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floor(3) -- largest integral value not greater than argument
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These functions round x down to the nearest integer. |
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fmod(3) -- floating-point remainder function
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The fmod() function computes the remainder of dividing x by y. The return value is x - n * y, where n is the quotient of x / y, rounded towards zero to an integer. |
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fnmatch(3) -- match filename or pathname
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The fnmatch() function checks whether the string argument matches the pattern argument, which is a shell wildcard pattern. The flags argument modifies the behaviour; it is the bitwise OR of zero or mo... |
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fopen(3) -- stream open functions
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The fopen function opens the file whose name is the string pointed to by path and associates a stream with it. The argument mode points to a string beginning with one of the following sequences (Addit... |
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fpathconf(3) -- get configuration values for files
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fpathconf() gets a value for the configuration option name for the open file descriptor filedes. pathconf() gets a value for configuration option name for the file name path. The corresponding macros ... |
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fputwc(3) -- write a wide character to a FILE stream
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The fputwc function is the wide-character equivalent of the fputc function. It writes the wide character wc to stream. If ferror(stream) becomes true, it returns WEOF. If a wide character conversion e... |
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fputws(3) -- write a wide character string to a FILE stream
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The fputws function is the wide-character equivalent of the fputs function. It writes the wide character string starting at ws, up to but not including the terminating L'\0' character, to stream. |
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fread(3) -- binary stream input/output
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The function fread reads nmemb elements of data, each size bytes long, from the stream pointed to by stream, storing them at the location given by ptr. The function fwrite writes nmemb elements of dat... |
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frexp(3) -- convert floating-point number to fractional and integral components
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The frexp() function is used to split the number x into a normalized fraction and an exponent which is stored in exp. |
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fseek(3) -- reposition a stream
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The fseek function sets the file position indicator for the stream pointed to by stream. The new position, measured in bytes, is obtained by adding offset bytes to the position specified by whence. If... |
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ftime(3) -- return date and time
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Return current date and time in tp, which is declared as following: struct timeb { time_t time; unsigned short millitm; short timezone; short dstflag; }; The structure contains the time since the epoc... |
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ftok(3) -- convert a pathname and a project identifier to a System V IPC key
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The function converts the pathname of an existing accessible file and a project identifier into a key_t type System V IPC key. |
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fts(3) -- traverse a file hierarchy
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The fts functions are provided for traversing UNIX file hierarchies. A simple overview is that the fts_open() function returns a ``handle'' on a file hierarchy, which is then supplied to the other f... |
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ftw(3) -- file tree walk
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ftw() walks through the directory tree starting from the indicated directory dir. For each found entry in the tree, it calls fn() with the full pathname of the entry, a pointer to the stat(2) structur... |
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fwide(3) -- set and determine the orientation of a FILE stream
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When mode is zero, the fwide function determines the current orientation of stream. It returns a value > 0 if stream is wide-character oriented, i.e. if wide character I/O is permitted but char I/O is... |
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gcvt(3) -- convert a floating-point number to a string.
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The gcvt() function converts number to a minimal length NULL terminated ASCII string and stores the result in buf. It produces ndigit significant digits in either printf(3) F format or E format. |
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getaddrinfo(3) -- network address and service translation
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The getaddrinfo(3) function combines the functionality provided by the getipnodebyname(3), getipnodebyaddr(3), getservbyname(3), and get- servbyport(3) functions into a single interface. The thread-sa... |
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getcwd(3) -- Get current working directory
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The getcwd() function copies an absolute pathname of the current working directory to the array pointed to by buf, which is of length size. If the current absolute path name would require a buffer lon... |
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getdirentries(3) -- get directory entries in a filesystem independent format
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Read directory entries from the directory specified by fd into buf. At most nbytes are read. Reading starts at offset *basep, and *basep is updated with the new position after reading. |
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getenv(3) -- get an environment variable
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The getenv() function searches the environment list for a string that matches the string pointed to by name. The strings are of the form name = value. |
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getgrent(3) -- get group file entry
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The getgrent() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the group information from /etc/group. The first time it is called it returns the first entry; thereafter, it returns successive ent... |
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getgrnam(3) -- get group file entry
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The getgrnam() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the group information from /etc/group for the entry that matches the group name name. The getgrgid() function returns a pointer to a... |
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gethostbyname(3) -- get network host entry
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The gethostbyname() function returns a structure of type hostent for the given host name. Here name is either a host name, or an IPv4 address in standard dot notation, or an IPv6 address in colon (and... |
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getipnodebyname(3) -- get network host names and addresses
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The getipnodebyname(3) and getipnodebyaddr(3) functions return the names and addresses of a network host. These functions return a pointer to the following structure: struct hostent { char *h_name; ch... |
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getloadavg(3) -- get system load averages
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The getloadavg() function returns the number of processes in the system run queue averaged over various periods of time. Up to nelem samples are retrieved and assigned to successive elements of loadav... |
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getlogin(3) -- get user name
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getlogin returns a pointer to a string containing the name of the user logged in on the controlling terminal of the process, or a null pointer if this information cannot be determined. The string is s... |
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getmntent(3) -- get file system descriptor file entry
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These routines are used to access the file system description file /etc/fstab and the mounted file system description file /etc/mtab. The setmntent() function opens the file system description file fi... |
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getnameinfo(3) -- address-to-name translation in protocol-independent manner
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The getnameinfo(3) function is defined for protocol-independent address-to-nodename translation. It combines the functionality of gethostbyaddr(3) and getservbyport(3) and is the inverse of getad- dri... |
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getnetent(3) -- get network entry
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The getnetent() function reads the next line from the file /etc/net- works and returns a structure netent containing the broken out fields from the line. The /etc/networks file is opened if necessary.... |
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getopt(3) -- Parse command line options
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The getopt() function parses the command line arguments. Its arguments argc and argv are the argument count and array as passed to the main() function on program invocation. An element of argv that st... |
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getpass(3) -- get a password
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This function is obsolete. Do not use it. The getpass() function opens /dev/tty (the controlling terminal of the process), outputs the string prompt, turns off echoing, reads one line (the "password... |
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getprotoent(3) -- get protocol entry
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The getprotoent() function reads the next line from the file /etc/pro- tocols and returns a structure protoent containing the broken out fields from the line. The /etc/protocols file is opened if nece... |
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getpw(3) -- Re-construct password line entry
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The getpw() function re-constructs the password line entry for the given user uid uid in the buffer buf. The returned buffer contains a line of format name:passwd:uid:gid:gecos:dir:shell The passwd st... |
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getpwent(3) -- get password file entry
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The getpwent() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the broken out fields of a line from /etc/passwd. The first time it is called it returns the first entry; thereafter, it returns suc... |
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getpwnam(3) -- get password file entry
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The getpwnam() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the broken out fields of a line from /etc/passwd for the entry that matches the user name name. The getpwuid() function returns a po... |
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getrpcent(3) -- get RPC entry
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getrpcent(), getrpcbyname(), and getrpcbynumber() each return a pointer to an object with the following structure containing the broken-out fields of a line in the rpc program number data base, /etc/r... |
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getrpcport(3) -- get RPC port number
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getrpcport() returns the port number for version versnum of the RPC program prognum running on host and using protocol proto. It returns 0 if it cannot contact the portmapper, or if prognum is not reg... |
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gets(3) -- input of characters and strings
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fgetc() reads the next character from stream and returns it as an unsigned char cast to an int, or EOF on end of file or error. getc() is equivalent to fgetc() except that it may be implemented as a m... |
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getservent(3) -- get service entry
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The getservent() function reads the next line from the file /etc/ser- vices and returns a structure servent containing the broken out fields from the line. The /etc/services file is opened if necessar... |
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gettext(3) -- translate message
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The gettext, dgettext and dcgettext functions attempt to translate a text string into the user's native language, by looking up the translation in a message catalog. The msgid argument identifies the... |
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getusershell(3) -- get legal user shells
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The getusershell() function returns the next line from the file /etc/shells, opening the file if necessary. The line should contain the pathname of a valid user shell. If /etc/shells does not exist or... |
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getutent(3) -- access utmp file entries
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utmpname() sets the name of the utmp-format file for the other utmp functions to access. If utmpname() is not used to set the filename before the other functions are used, they assume _PATH_UTMP, as d... |
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getw(3) -- input and output of words (ints)
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getw reads a word (that is, an int) from stream. It's provided for compatibility with SVID. We recommend you use fread(3) instead. putw writes the word w (that is, an int) to stream. It is provided f... |
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getwchar(3) -- read a wide character from standard input
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The getwchar function is the wide-character equivalent of the getchar function. It reads a wide character from stdin and returns it. If the end of stream is reached, or if ferror(stdin) becomes true, ... |
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glob(3) -- generate pathnames matching a pattern
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The glob() function is a pathname generator that implements the rules for file name pattern matching used by the shell. The include file glob.h defines the structure type glob_t, which contains at lea... |
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graph(3) -- 2D graph for plotting X-Y coordinate data.
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The graph command creates a graph for plotting two-dimensional data (X-Y coordinates). It has many configurable components: coordinate axes, elements, legend, grid lines, cross hairs, etc. They allow ... |
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hash(3) -- hash database access method
|
|
The routine dbopen is the library interface to database files. One of the supported file formats is hash files. The general description of the database access methods is in dbopen(3), this manual page... |
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hierbox(3) -- Create and manipulate hierarchical listbox widgets _________________________________________________...
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The hiertable widget that displays a hierarchy of entries, drawn one per line. The hierarchy is a general ordered tree of entries. Each entry contains a list of subentries which in turn can contain th... |
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hiertable(3) -- Create and manipulate hierarchical table widgets ___________________________________________________...
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The hiertable widget displays a scrollable tree of entries, one entry per line. Each entry has a text label, an icon, and may have children (sub-entries). A button on the left side of the entry contro... |
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hsearch(3) -- hash table management
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|
These three functions allow the user to create a hash table which associates a key with any data. First the table must be created with the function hcreate(). nel is an estimate of the number of entri... |
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htext(3) -- Create and manipulate hypertext widgets
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The htext command creates a new window (given by the pathName argument) and makes it into a htext widget. Additional options, described above, may be specified on the command line or in the option dat... |
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hypot(3) -- Euclidean distance function
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|
The hypot() function returns the sqrt(x*x + y*y). This is the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angle triangle with sides of length x and y, or the distance of the point (x, y) from the origin. |
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iconv(3) -- perform character set conversion
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The argument cd must be a conversion descriptor created using the function iconv_open. The main case is when inbuf is not NULL and *inbuf is not NULL. In this case, the iconv function converts the mul... |
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iconv_close(3) -- deallocate descriptor for character set conversion
|
|
The iconv_close function deallocates a conversion descriptor cd previously allocated using iconv_open. |
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iconv_open(3) -- allocate descriptor for character set conversion
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The iconv_open function allocates a conversion descriptor suitable for converting byte sequences from character encoding fromcode to character encoding tocode. The values permitted for fromcode and to... |
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index(3) -- locate character in string
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The index() function returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character c in the string s. The rindex() function returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character c in the string s. Th... |
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inet(3) -- Internet address manipulation routines
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inet_aton() converts the Internet host address cp from the standard numbers-and-dots notation into binary data and stores it in the structure that inp points to. inet_aton returns nonzero if the addre... |
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inet_ntop(3) -- Parse network address structures
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This function converts the network address structure src in the af address family into a character string, which is copied to a character buffer dst, which is cnt bytes long. inet_ntop(3) extends the ... |
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inet_pton(3) -- Create a network address structure
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This function converts the character string src into a network address structure in the af address family, then copies the network address structure to dst. inet_pton(3) extends the inet_addr(3) funct... |
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initgroups(3) -- initialize the supplementary group access list
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The initgroups() function initializes the group access list by reading the group database /etc/group and using all groups of which user is a member. The additional group group is also added to the lis... |
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insque(3) -- insert/remove an item from a queue
|
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insque() and remque() are functions for manipulating queues made from doubly-linked lists. Each element in this list is of type struct qelem The qelem structure is defined as struct qelem { struct qel... |
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intro(3) -- Introduction to library functions
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This chapter describes all library functions excluding the library functions described in chapter 2, which implement system calls. There are various function groups which can be identified by a letter... |
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isalpha(3) -- character classification routines
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These functions check whether c, which must have the value of an unsigned char or EOF, falls into a certain character class according to the current locale. isalnum() checks for an alphanumeric charac... |
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isatty(3) -- does this descriptor refer to a terminal
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|
returns 1 if desc is an open descriptor connected to a terminal and 0 else. |
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isinf(3) -- test for infinity or not-a-number (NaN)
|
|
The isinf() function returns -1 if value represents negative infinity, 1 if value represents positive infinity, and 0 otherwise. The isnan() function returns a non-zero value if value is "not-a-numbe... |
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iswalnum(3) -- test for alphanumeric wide character
|
|
The iswalnum function is the wide-character equivalent of the isalnum function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "alnum". The wide character class "alnu... |
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iswalpha(3) -- test for alphabetic wide character
|
|
The iswalpha function is the wide-character equivalent of the isalpha function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "alpha". The wide character class "alph... |
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iswblank(3) -- test for whitespace wide character
|
|
The iswblank function is the wide-character equivalent of the isblank function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "blank". The wide character class "blan... |
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iswcntrl(3) -- test for control wide character
|
|
The iswcntrl function is the wide-character equivalent of the iscntrl function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "cntrl". The wide character class "cntr... |
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iswctype(3) -- wide character classification
|
|
If wc is a wide character having the character property designated by desc (or in other words: belongs to the character class designated by desc), the iswctype function returns non-zero. Otherwise it ... |
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iswdigit(3) -- test for decimal digit wide character
|
|
The iswdigit function is the wide-character equivalent of the isdigit function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "digit". The wide character class "digi... |
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iswgraph(3) -- test for graphic wide character
|
|
The iswgraph function is the wide-character equivalent of the isgraph function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "graph". The wide character class "grap... |
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iswlower(3) -- test for lowercase wide character
|
|
The iswlower function is the wide-character equivalent of the islower function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "lower". The wide character class "lowe... |
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iswprint(3) -- test for printing wide character
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The iswprint function is the wide-character equivalent of the isprint function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "print". The wide character class "prin... |
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iswpunct(3) -- test for punctuation or symbolic wide character
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The iswpunct function is the wide-character equivalent of the ispunct function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "punct". The wide character class "punc... |
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iswspace(3) -- test for whitespace wide character
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The iswspace function is the wide-character equivalent of the isspace function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "space". The wide character class "spac... |
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iswupper(3) -- test for uppercase wide character
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The iswupper function is the wide-character equivalent of the isupper function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "upper". The wide character class "uppe... |
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iswxdigit(3) -- test for hexadecimal digit wide character
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The iswxdigit function is the wide-character equivalent of the isxdigit function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "xdigit". The wide character class "x... |
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j0(3) -- Bessel functions
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The j0() and j1() functions return Bessel functions of x of the first kind of orders 0 and 1, respectively. The jn() function returns the Bessel function of x of the first kind of order n. The y0() an... |
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killpg(3) -- send signal to all members of a process group.
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The killpg() function causes signal signal to be sent to all the processes in the process group pidgrp or to the processes' own process group if pidgrp is equal to zero. It is equivalent to kill(-pid... |
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ldexp(3) -- multiply floating-point number by integral power of 2
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The ldexp() function returns the result of multiplying the floatingpoint number x by 2 raised to the power exp. |
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ldiv(3) -- computes the quotient and remainder of long integer division.
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The ldiv() function computes the value numer/denom and returns the quotient and remainder in a structure named ldiv_t that contains two long integer members named quot and rem. |
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lgamma(3) -- log gamma function
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The lgamma() function returns the log of the absolute value of the Gamma function. The sign of the Gamma function is returned in the external integer signgam. For negative integer values of x, lgamma(... |
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localeconv(3) -- get numeric formatting information
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|
The localeconv() function returns a pointer to a struct lconv for the current locale. This structure is defined in the header-file locale.h and contains all values associated with the locale categorie... |
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lockf(3) -- apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file
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Apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file. The file is specified by fd. This call is just an interface for fcntl(2). Valid operations are given below: F_LOCK Set an exclusive lock to the file... |
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longjmp(3) -- non-local jump to a saved stack context
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longjmp() and setjmp() are useful for dealing with errors and interrupts encountered in a low-level subroutine of a program. longjmp() restores the environment saved by the last call of setjmp() with ... |
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lrint(3) -- round to nearest integer
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These functions round their argument to the nearest integer value, using the current rounding direction. If x is infinite or NaN, or if the rounded value is outside the range of the return type, the n... |
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lround(3) -- round to nearest integer, away from zero
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These functions round their argument to the nearest integer value, rounding away from zero, regardless of the current rounding direction. If x is infinite or NaN, or if the rounded value is outside th... |
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lsearch(3) -- linear search of an array.
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lfind() and lsearch() perform a linear search for key in the array base which has *nmemb elements of size bytes each. The comparison function referenced by compar is expected to have two arguments whi... |
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malloc(3) -- Allocate and free dynamic memory
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calloc() allocates memory for an array of nmemb elements of size bytes each and returns a pointer to the allocated memory. The memory is set to zero. malloc() allocates size bytes and returns a pointe... |
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mblen(3) -- determine number of bytes in next multibyte character
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If s is not a NULL pointer, the mblen function inspects at most n bytes of the multibyte string starting at s and extracts the next complete multibyte character. It uses a static anonymous shift state... |
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mbrlen(3) -- determine number of bytes in next multibyte character
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The mbrlen function inspects at most n bytes of the multibyte string starting at s and extracts the next complete multibyte character. It updates the shift state *ps. If the multibyte character is not... |
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mbrtowc(3) -- convert a multibyte sequence to a wide character
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The main case for this function is when s is not NULL and pwc is not NULL. In this case, the mbrtowc function inspects at most n bytes of the multibyte string starting at s, extracts the next complete... |
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mbsinit(3) -- test for initial shift state
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|
Character conversion between the multibyte representation and the wide character representation uses conversion state, of type mbstate_t. Conversion of a string uses a finite-state machine; when it is... |
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mbsnrtowcs(3) -- convert a multibyte string to a wide character string
|
|
The mbsnrtowcs function is like the mbsrtowcs function, except that the number of bytes to be converted, starting at *src, is limited to nms. If dest is not a NULL pointer, the mbsnrtowcs function con... |
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mbsrtowcs(3) -- convert a multibyte string to a wide character string
|
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If dest is not a NULL pointer, the mbsrtowcs function converts the multibyte string *src to a wide-character string starting at dest. At most len wide characters are written to dest. The shift state *... |
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mbstowcs(3) -- convert a multibyte string to a wide character string
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If dest is not a NULL pointer, the mbstowcs function converts the multibyte string src to a wide-character string starting at dest. At most n wide characters are written to dest. The conversion starts... |
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mbtowc(3) -- convert a multibyte sequence to a wide character
|
|
The main case for this function is when s is not NULL and pwc is not NULL. In this case, the mbtowc function inspects at most n bytes of the multibyte string starting at s, extracts the next complete ... |
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MB_CUR_MAX(3) -- maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale
|
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The MB_CUR_MAX macro defines an integer expression giving the maximum number of bytes needed to represent a single wide character in the current locale. It is locale dependent and therefore not a comp... |
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MB_LEN_MAX(3) -- maximum multibyte length of a character across all locales
|
|
The MB_LEN_MAX macro is the upper bound for the number of bytes needed to represent a single wide character, across all locales. |
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memccpy(3) -- copy memory area
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|
The memccpy() function copies no more than n bytes from memory area src to memory area dest, stopping when the character c is found. |
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memchr(3) -- scan memory for a character
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|
The memchr() function scans the first n bytes of the memory area pointed to by s for the character c. The first byte to match c (interpreted as an unsigned character) stops the operation. |
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memcmp(3) -- compare memory areas
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|
The memcmp() function compares the first n bytes of the memory areas s1 and s2. It returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is found, respectively, to be less than, to match,... |
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memcpy(3) -- copy memory area
|
|
The memcpy() function copies n bytes from memory area src to memory area dest. The memory areas may not overlap. Use memmove(3) if the memory areas do overlap. |
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memfrob(3) -- frobnicate (encrypt) a memory area
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|
The memfrob() function encrypts the first n bytes of the memory area s by exclusive-ORing each character with the number 42. The effect can be reversed by using memfrob() on the encrypted memory area.... |
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memmem(3) -- locate a substring
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|
The memmem() function finds the start of the first occurrence of the substring needle of length needlelen in the memory area haystack of length haystacklen. |
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memmove(3) -- copy memory area
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|
The memmove() function copies n bytes from memory area src to memory area dest. The memory areas may overlap. |
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memset(3) -- fill memory with a constant byte
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The memset() function fills the first n bytes of the memory area pointed to by s with the constant byte c. |
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mkfifo(3) -- make a FIFO special file (a named pipe)
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mkfifo makes a FIFO special file with name pathname. mode specifies the FIFO's permissions. It is modified by the process's umask in the usual way: the permissions of the created file are (mode & ~u... |
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mkstemp(3) -- create a unique temporary file
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The mkstemp() function generates a unique temporary file name from tem- plate. The last six characters of template must be XXXXXX and these are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique. T... |
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mktemp(3) -- make a unique temporary file name
|
|
The mktemp() function generates a unique temporary file name from tem- plate. The last six characters of template must be XXXXXX and these are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique. Si... |
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modf(3) -- extract signed integral and fractional values from floatingpoint number
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The modf() function breaks the argument x into an integral part and a fractional part, each of which has the same sign as x. The integral part is stored in iptr. |
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mpool(3) -- shared memory buffer pool
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Mpool is the library interface intended to provide page oriented buffer management of files. The buffers may be shared between processes. The function mpool_open initializes a memory pool. The key arg... |
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netlink(3) -- Netlink macros
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|
netlink.h defines several standard macros to access or create a netlink datagram. They are similar in spirit to the macros defined in cmsg(3) for auxilliary data. The buffer passed to and from a netli... |
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ngettext(3) -- translate message and choose plural form
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The ngettext, dngettext and dcngettext functions attempt to translate a text string into the user's native language, by looking up the appropriate plural form of the translation in a message catalog.... |
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nl_langinfo(3) -- query language and locale information
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|
The nl_langinfo function provides access to locale information in a more flexible way than localeconv(3) does. Individual and additional elements of the locale categories can be queried. Examples for ... |
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on_exit(3) -- register a function to be called at normal program termination.
|
|
The on_exit() function registers the given function to be called at normal program termination, whether via exit(3) or via return from the program's main. The function is passed the argument to exit(... |
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opendir(3) -- open a directory
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|
The opendir() function opens a directory stream corresponding to the directory name, and returns a pointer to the directory stream. The stream is positioned at the first entry in the directory. |
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perror(3) -- print a system error message
|
|
The routine perror() produces a message on the standard error output, describing the last error encountered during a call to a system or library function. The argument string s is printed first, then ... |
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popen(3) -- process I/O
|
|
The popen() function opens a process by creating a pipe, forking, and invoking the shell. Since a pipe is by definition unidirectional, the type argument may specify only reading or writing, not both;... |
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printf(3) -- formatted output conversion
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|
The functions in the printf family produce output according to a format as described below. The functions printf and vprintf write output to stdout, the standard output stream; fprintf and vfprintf wr... |
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profil(3) -- execution time profile
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|
This routine provides a means to find out in what areas your program spends most of its time. The argument buf points to bufsiz bytes of core. Every virtual 10 milliseconds, the user's program counte... |
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psignal(3) -- print signal message
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The psignal() function displays a message on stderr consisting of the string s, a colon, a space, and a string describing the signal number sig. If sig is invalid, the message displayed will indicate ... |
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putenv(3) -- change or add an environment variable
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The putenv() function adds or changes the value of environment variables. The argument string is of the form name=value. If name does not already exist in the environment, then string is added to the ... |
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putpwent(3) -- write a password file entry
|
|
The putpwent() function writes a password entry from the structure p in the file associated with stream. The passwd structure is defined in as follows: struct passwd { char *pw_name; /* user n... |
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puts(3) -- output of characters and strings
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fputc() writes the character c, cast to an unsigned char, to stream. fputs() writes the string s to stream, without its trailing '\0'. putc() is equivalent to fputc() except that it may be implemen... |
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putwchar(3) -- write a wide character to standard output
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|
The putwchar function is the wide-character equivalent of the putchar function. It writes the wide character wc to stdout. If ferror(stdout) becomes true, it returns WEOF. If a wide character conversi... |
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qsort(3) -- sorts an array
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|
The qsort() function sorts an array with nmemb elements of size size. The base argument points to the start of the array. The contents of the array are sorted in ascending order according to a compari... |
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raise(3) -- send a signal to the current process
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|
The raise function sends a signal to the current process. It is equivalent to kill(getpid(),sig) |
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rand(3) -- random number generator.
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The rand() function returns a pseudo-random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX. The srand() function sets its argument as the seed for a new sequence of pseudo-random integers to be returned by rand(). Th... |
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random(3) -- random number generator.
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The random() function uses a non-linear additive feedback random number generator employing a default table of size 31 long integers to return successive pseudo-random numbers in the range from 0 to R... |
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rcmd(3) -- routines for returning a stream to a remote command
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The rcmd() function is used by the super-user to execute a command on a remote machine using an authentication scheme based on reserved port numbers. The rresvport() function returns a descriptor to a... |
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readdir(3) -- read a directory
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|
The readdir() function returns a pointer to a dirent structure representing the next directory entry in the directory stream pointed to by dir. It returns NULL on reaching the end-of-file or if an err... |
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readv(3) -- read or write data into multiple buffers
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|
The readv() function reads count blocks from the file associated with the file descriptor filedes into the multiple buffers described by vec- tor. The writev() function writes at most count blocks des... |
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realpath(3) -- return the canonicalized absolute pathname
|
|
realpath expands all symbolic links and resolves references to '/./', '/../' and extra '/' characters in the null terminated string named by path and stores the canonicalized absolute pathname i... |
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recno(3) -- record number database access method
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The routine dbopen is the library interface to database files. One of the supported file formats is record number files. The general description of the database access methods is in dbopen(3), this ma... |
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regex(3) -- POSIX regex functions
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remove(3) -- delete a name and possibly the file it refers to
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remove deletes a name from the filesystem. It calls unlink for files, and rmdir for directories. If the removed name was the last link to a file and no processes have the file open the file is deleted... |
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resolver(3) -- resolver routines
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|
These functions make queries to and interpret the responses from Internet domain name servers. The res_init() function reads the configuration files (see resolv+(8)) to get the default domain name, se... |
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rewinddir(3) -- reset directory stream
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|
The rewinddir() function resets the position of the directory stream dir to the beginning of the directory. |
|
re_comp(3) -- BSD regex functions
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|
re_comp is used to compile the null-terminated regular expression pointed to by regex. The compiled pattern occupies a static area, the pattern buffer, which is overwritten by subsequent use of re_com... |
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rint(3) -- round to nearest integer
|
|
The nearbyint functions round their argument to an integer value in floating point format, using the current rounding direction and without raising the inexact exception. The rint functions do the sam... |
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round(3) -- round to nearest integer, away from zero
|
|
These functions round x to the nearest integer, but round halfway cases away from zero (regardless of the current rounding direction), instead of to the nearest even integer like rint(). |
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rpc(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls
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rtnetlink(3) -- Macros to manipuate rtnetlink messages
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|
All rtnetlink(7) messages consist of a netlink(7) message header and appended attributes. The attributes should be only manipulated using the macros provided here. RTA_OK(rta, attrlen) returns true if... |
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scandir(3) -- scan a directory for matching entries
|
|
The scandir() function scans the directory dir, calling select() on each directory entry. Entries for which select() returns non-zero are stored in strings allocated via malloc(), sorted using qsort()... |
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scanf(3) -- input format conversion
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|
The scanf family of functions scans input according to a format as described below. This format may contain conversion specifiers; the results from such conversions, if any, are stored through the poi... |
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seekdir(3) -- set the position of the next readdir() call in the directory stream.
|
|
The seekdir() function sets the location in the directory stream from which the next readdir() call will start. seekdir() should be used with an offset returned by telldir(). |
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setbuf(3) -- stream buffering operations
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|
The three types of buffering available are unbuffered, block buffered, and line buffered. When an output stream is unbuffered, information appears on the destination file or terminal as soon as writte... |
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setenv(3) -- change or add an environment variable
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|
The setenv() function adds the variable name to the environment with the value value, if name does not already exist. If name does exist in the environment, then its value is changed to value if overw... |
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setjmp(3) -- save stack context for non-local goto
|
|
setjmp() and longjmp() are useful for dealing with errors and interrupts encountered in a low-level subroutine of a program. setjmp() saves the stack context/environment in env for later use by longjm... |
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setlocale(3) -- set the current locale.
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|
The setlocale() function is used to set or query the program's current locale. If locale is not NULL, the program's current locale is modified according to the arguments. The argument category deter... |
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siginterrupt(3) -- allow signals to interrupt system calls
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|
The siginterrupt() function changes the restart behaviour when a system call is interrupted by the signal sig. If the flag argument is false (0), then system calls will be restarted if interrupted by ... |
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sigsetops(3) -- POSIX signal set operations.
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|
The sigsetops(3) functions allow the manipulation of POSIX signal sets. sigemptyset initializes the signal set given by set to empty, with all signals excluded from the set. sigfillset initializes set... |
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sin(3) -- sine function
|
|
The sin() function returns the sine of x, where x is given in radians. |
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sinh(3) -- hyperbolic sine function
|
|
The sinh() function returns the hyperbolic sine of x, which is defined mathematically as (exp(x) - exp(-x)) / 2. |
|
sleep(3) -- Sleep for the specified number of seconds
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|
sleep() makes the current process sleep until seconds seconds have elapsed or a signal arrives which is not ignored. |
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spline(3) -- Fit curves with spline interpolation
|
|
The spline command computes a spline fitting a set of data points (x and y vectors) and produces a vector of the interpolated images (ycoordinates) at a given set of x-coordinates. |
|
sqrt(3) -- square root function
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|
The sqrt() function returns the non-negative square root of x. It fails and sets errno to EDOM, if x is negative. |
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stdarg(3) -- variable argument lists
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|
A function may be called with a varying number of arguments of varying types. The include file stdarg.h declares a type va_list and defines three macros for stepping through a list of arguments whose ... |
|
stdin(3) -- standard I/O streams
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|
Under normal circumstances every Unix program has three streams opened for it when it starts up, one for input, one for output, and one for printing diagnostic or error messages. These are typically a... |
|
stdio(3) -- standard input/output library functions
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|
The standard I/O library provides a simple and efficient buffered stream I/O interface. Input and output is mapped into logical data streams and the physical I/O characteristics are concealed. The fun... |
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stpcpy(3) -- copy a string returning a pointer to its end
|
|
The stpcpy() function copies the string pointed to by src (including the terminating `\0' character) to the array pointed to by dest. The strings may not overlap, and the destination string dest mus... |
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stpncpy(3) -- copy a fixed-size string, returning a pointer to its end
|
|
The stpncpy function copies at most n characters from the string pointed to by src, including the terminating '\0' character, to the array pointed to by dest. Exactly n characters are written at de... |
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strcasecmp(3) -- compare two strings ignoring case
|
|
The strcasecmp() function compares the two strings s1 and s2, ignoring the case of the characters. It returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is found, respectively, to be l... |
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strcat(3) -- concatenate two strings
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|
The strcat() function appends the src string to the dest string overwriting the `\0' character at the end of dest, and then adds a terminating `\0' character. The strings may not overlap, and the ... |
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strchr(3) -- locate character in string
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|
The strchr() function returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character c in the string s. The strrchr() function returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character c in the string s. |
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strcmp(3) -- compare two strings
|
|
The strcmp() function compares the two strings s1 and s2. It returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is found, respectively, to be less than, to match, or be greater than s2... |
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strcoll(3) -- compare two strings using the current locale
|
|
The strcoll() function compares the two strings s1 and s2. It returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is found, respectively, to be less than, to match, or be greater than s... |
|
strcpy(3) -- copy a string
|
|
The strcpy() function copies the string pointed to by src (including the terminating `\0' character) to the array pointed to by dest. The strings may not overlap, and the destination string dest mus... |
|
strdup(3) -- duplicate a string
|
|
The strdup() function returns a pointer to a new string which is a duplicate of the string s. Memory for the new string is obtained with malloc(3), and can be freed with free(3). The strndup() works l... |
|
strerror(3) -- return string describing error code
|
|
The strerror() function returns a string describing the error code passed in the argument errnum. The string can only be used until the next call to strerror(). |
|
strfmon(3) -- convert monetary value to a string
|
|
The strfmon() function formats the specified amounts according to the format specification format and places the result in the character array s of size max. Ordinary characters in format are copied t... |
|
strfry(3) -- randomize a string
|
|
The strfry() function randomizes the contents of string by using rand(3) to randomly swap characters in the string. The result is an anagram of string. |
|
strftime(3) -- format date and time
|
|
The strftime() function formats the broken-down time tm according to the format specification format and places the result in the character array s of size max. Ordinary characters placed in the forma... |
|
string(3) -- string operations
|
|
The string functions perform string operations on NULL-terminated strings. See the individual man pages for descriptions of each function. |
|
stripchart(3) -- 2D strip chart for plotting x and y coordinate data.
|
|
The stripchart command creates a strip chart for plotting two-dimensional data (x,y coordinates). It has many configurable components: coordinate axes, elements, legend, grid lines, cross hairs, etc. ... |
|
strlen(3) -- calculate the length of a string
|
|
The strlen() function calculates the length of the string s, not including the terminating `\0' character. |
|
strnlen(3) -- determine the length of a fixed-size string
|
|
The strnlen function returns the number of characters in the string pointed to by s, not including the terminating '\0' character, but at most maxlen. In doing this, strnlen looks only at the first... |
|
strpbrk(3) -- search a string for any of a set of characters
|
|
The strpbrk() function locates the first occurrence in the string s of any of the characters in the string accept. |
|
strptime(3) -- convert a string representation of time to a time tm structure
|
|
strptime() is the complementary function to strftime() and converts the character string pointed to by s to values which are stored in the tm structure pointed to by tm, using the format specified by ... |
|
strsep(3) -- extract token from string
|
|
If *stringp is NULL, the strsep() function returns NULL and does nothing else. Otherwise, this function finds the first token in the string *stringp, where tokens are delimited by symbols in the strin... |
|
strsignal(3) -- return string describing signal
|
|
The strsignal() function returns a string describing the signal number passed in the argument sig. The string can only be used until the next call to strsignal(). The array sys_siglist holds the signa... |
|
strspn(3) -- search a string for a set of characters
|
|
The strspn() function calculates the length of the initial segment of s which consists entirely of characters in accept. The strcspn() function calculates the length of the initial segment of s which ... |
|
strstr(3) -- locate a substring
|
|
The strstr() function finds the first occurrence of the substring nee- dle in the string haystack. The terminating `\0' characters are not compared. |
|
strtod(3) -- convert ASCII string to floating point number
|
|
The strtod, strtof, and strtold functions convert the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to double, float, and long double representation, respectively. The expected form of the (initial... |
|
strtok(3) -- extract tokens from strings
|
|
A `token' is a nonempty string of characters not occurring in the string delim, followed by \0 or by a character occurring in delim. The strtok() function can be used to parse the string s into toke... |
|
strtol(3) -- convert a string to a long integer.
|
|
The strtol() function converts the string in nptr to a long integer value according to the given base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0. The string must begin with a... |
|
strtoul(3) -- convert a string to an unsigned long integer.
|
|
The strtoul() function converts the string in nptr to an unsigned long integer value according to the given base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0. The string must b... |
|
strxfrm(3) -- string transformation
|
|
The strxfrm() function transforms the src string into a form such that the result of strcmp() on two strings that have been transformed with strxfrm() is the same as the result of strcoll() on the two... |
|
swab(3) -- swap adjacent bytes
|
|
The swab() function copies n bytes from the array pointed to by from to the array pointed to by to, exchanging adjacent even and odd bytes. This function is used to exchange data between machines that... |
|
sysconf(3) -- Get configuration information at runtime
|
|
sysconf() provides a way for the application to determine values for system limits or options at runtime. The equivalent macros defined in can only give conservative values; if an applicati... |
|
syslog(3) -- send messages to the system logger
|
|
closelog() closes the descriptor being used to write to the system logger. The use of closelog() is optional. openlog() opens a connection to the system logger for a program. The string pointed to by ... |
|
system(3) -- execute a shell command
|
|
system() executes a command specified in string by calling /bin/sh -c string, and returns after the command has been completed. During execution of the command, SIGCHLD will be blocked, and SIGINT and... |
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table(3) -- Arranges widgets in a table
|
|
The table command arranges widgets in a table. The alignment of widgets is detemined by their row and column positions and the number of rows or columns that they span. |
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tabset(3) -- Create and manipulate tabset widgets _______________________________________________________________...
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|
The tabset widget displays a series of overlapping folders. Only the contents of one folder at a time is displayed. By clicking on the tab's of a folder, you can view other folders. Each folder may c... |
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tan(3) -- tangent function
|
|
The tan() function returns the tangent of x, where x is given in radians. |
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tanh(3) -- hyperbolic tangent function
|
|
The tanh() function returns the hyperbolic tangent of x, which is defined mathematically as sinh(x) / cosh(x). |
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telldir(3) -- return current location in directory stream.
|
|
The telldir() function returns the current location associated with the directory stream dir. |
|
tempnam(3) -- create a name for a temporary file
|
|
The tempnam() function returns a pointer to a string that is a valid filename, and such that a file with this name did not exist when temp- nam() checked. The filename suffix of the pathname generated... |
|
termios(3) -- get and set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rate, get and set terminal foregroun...
|
|
The termios functions describe a general terminal interface that is provided to control asynchronous communications ports. Many of the functions described here have a termios_p argument that is a poin... |
|
textdomain(3) -- set domain for future gettext() calls
|
|
The textdomain function sets or retrieves the current message domain. A message domain is a set of translatable msgid messages. Usually, every software package has its own message domain. The domain n... |
|
tile(3) -- Tiling versions of Tk widgets
|
|
The tile widgets let you create textured backgrounds. The texture is a Tk image which is tiled over the entire background of the widget. |
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tktable(3) -- Create and manipulate tables
|
|
The table command creates a 2-dimensional grid of cells. The table can use a Tcl array variable or Tcl command for data storage and retrieval. The widget has an active cell, the contents of which can ... |
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tmpfile(3) -- create a temporary file
|
|
The tmpfile() function generates a unique temporary filename using the path prefix P_tmpdir defined in . The temporary file is then opened in binary read/write (w+b) mode. The file will be au... |
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tmpnam(3) -- create a name for a temporary file
|
|
The tmpnam() function returns a pointer to a string that is a valid filename, and such that a file with this name did not exist at some point in time, so that naive programmers may think it a suitable... |
|
toascii(3) -- convert character to ASCII
|
|
toascii() converts c to a 7-bit unsigned char value that fits into the ASCII character set, by clearing the high-order bits. |
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toupper(3) -- convert letter to upper or lower case
|
|
toupper() converts the letter c to upper case, if possible. tolower() converts the letter c to lower case, if possible. If c is not an unsigned char value, or EOF, the behaviour of these functions is ... |
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towctrans(3) -- wide-character transliteration
|
|
If wc is a wide character, the towctrans function translates it according to the transliteration descriptor desc. If wc is WEOF, WEOF is returned. desc must be a transliteration descriptor returned by... |
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towlower(3) -- convert a wide character to lowercase
|
|
The towlower function is the wide-character equivalent of the tolower function. If wc is a wide character, it is converted to lowercase. Characters which do not have case are returned unchanged. If wc... |
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towupper(3) -- convert a wide character to uppercase
|
|
The towupper function is the wide-character equivalent of the toupper function. If wc is a wide character, it is converted to uppercase. Characters which do not have case are returned unchanged. If wc... |
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trunc(3) -- round to interger, towards zero
|
|
These functions round x to the nearest integer not larger in absolute value. |
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tsearch(3) -- manage a binary tree
|
|
tsearch, tfind, twalk, and tdelete manage a binary tree. They are generalized from Knuth (6.2.2) Algorithm T. The first field in each node of the tree is a pointer to the corresponding data item. (The... |
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ttyname(3) -- return name of a terminal
|
|
Returns a pointer to the pathname of the terminal device that is open on the file descriptor desc, or NULL on error (for example, if desc is not connected to a terminal). |
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tzset(3) -- initialize time conversion information
|
|
The tzset() function initializes the tzname variable from the TZ environment variable. This function is automatically called by the other time conversion functions that depend on the time zone. If the... |
|
ulimit(3) -- get and set user limits
|
|
Warning: This routine is obsolete. The include file is no longer provided by glibc. Use getrlimit(2), setrlimit(2) and sysconf(3) instead. For the shell command ulimit, see bash(1). The ulimit call wi... |
|
undocumented(3) -- undocumented library functions
|
|
This man page mentions those library functions which are implemented in the standard libraries but not yet documented in man pages. |
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ungetwc(3) -- push back a wide character onto a FILE stream
|
|
The ungetwc function is the wide-character equivalent of the ungetc function. It pushes back a wide character onto stream and returns it. If wc is WEOF, it returns WEOF. If wc is an invalid wide chara... |
|
updwtmp(3) -- append an entry to the wtmp file
|
|
updwtmp() appends the utmp structure ut to the wtmp file. logwtmp() constructs an utmp structure using line, name, host, current time and current process id. Then it calls updwtmp() to append the stru... |
|
usleep(3) -- suspend execution for microsecond intervals
|
|
The usleep() function suspends execution of the calling process for usec microseconds. The sleep may be lengthened slightly by any system activity or by the time spent processing the call. |
|
vector(3) -- Vector data type for Tcl
|
|
The vector command creates a vector of floating point values. The vector's components can be manipulated in three ways: through a Tcl array variable, a Tcl command, or the C API. |
|
watch(3) -- call Tcl procedures before and after each command
|
|
The watch command arranges for Tcl procedures to be invoked before and after the execution of each Tcl command. |
|
wcpcpy(3) -- copy a wide character string, returning a pointer to its end
|
|
The wcpcpy function is the wide-character equivalent of the stpcpy function. It copies the wide character string pointed to by src, including the terminating L'\0' character, to the array pointed t... |
|
wcpncpy(3) -- copy a fixed-size string of wide characters, returning a pointer to its end
|
|
The wcpncpy function is the wide-character equivalent of the stpncpy function. It copies at most n wide characters from the wide-character string pointed to by src, including the terminating L'\0' ... |
|
wcrtomb(3) -- convert a wide character to a multibyte sequence
|
|
The main case for this function is when s is not NULL and wc is not L'\0'. In this case, the wcrtomb function converts the wide character wc to its multibyte representation and stores it at the beg... |
|
wcscasecmp(3) -- compare two wide-character strings, ignoring case
|
|
The wcscasecmp function is the wide-character equivalent of the str- casecmp function. It compares the wide-character string pointed to by s1 and the wide-character string pointed to by s2, ignoring c... |
|
wcscat(3) -- concatenate two wide-character strings
|
|
The wcscat function is the wide-character equivalent of the strcat function. It copies the wide-character string pointed to by src, including the terminating L'\0' character, to the end of the wide... |
|
wcschr(3) -- search a wide character in a wide-character string
|
|
The wcschr function is the wide-character equivalent of the strchr function. It searches the first occurrence of wc in the wide-character string pointed to by wcs. |
|
wcscmp(3) -- compare two wide-character strings
|
|
The wcscmp function is the wide-character equivalent of the strcmp function. It compares the wide-character string pointed to by s1 and the wide-character string pointed to by s2. |
|
wcscpy(3) -- copy a wide character string
|
|
The wcscpy function is the wide-character equivalent of the strcpy function. It copies the wide character string pointed to by src, including the terminating L'\0' character, to the array pointed t... |
|
wcscspn(3) -- search a wide-character string for any of a set of wide characters
|
|
The wcscspn function is the wide-character equivalent of the strcspn function. It determines the length of the longest initial segment of wcs which consists entirely of wide-characters not listed in r... |
|
wcsdup(3) -- duplicate a wide-character string
|
|
The wcsdup function is the wide-character equivalent of the strdup function. It allocates and returns a new wide-character string whose initial contents is a duplicate of the wide-character string poi... |
|
wcslen(3) -- determine the length of a wide-character string
|
|
The wcslen function is the wide-character equivalent of the strlen function. It determines the length of the wide-character string pointed to by s, not including the terminating L'\0' character. |
|
wcsncasecmp(3) -- compare two fixed-size wide-character strings, ignoring case
|
|
The wcsncasecmp function is the wide-character equivalent of the strn- casecmp function. It compares the wide-character string pointed to by s1 and the wide-character string pointed to by s2, but at m... |
|
wcsncat(3) -- concatenate two wide-character strings
|
|
The wcsncat function is the wide-character equivalent of the strncat function. It copies at most n wide characters from the wide-character string pointed to by src to the end of the wide-character str... |
|
wcsncmp(3) -- compare two fixed-size wide-character strings
|
|
The wcsncmp function is the wide-character equivalent of the strncmp function. It compares the wide-character string pointed to by s1 and the wide-character string pointed to by s2, but at most n wide... |
|
wcsncpy(3) -- copy a fixed-size string of wide characters
|
|
The wcsncpy function is the wide-character equivalent of the strncpy function. It copies at most n wide characters from the wide-character string pointed to by src, including the terminating L'\0' ... |
|
wcsnlen(3) -- determine the length of a fixed-size wide-character string
|
|
The wcsnlen function is the wide-character equivalent of the strnlen function. It returns the number of wide-characters in the string pointed to by s, not including the terminating L'\0' character,... |
|
wcsnrtombs(3) -- convert a wide character string to a multibyte string
|
|
The wcsnrtombs function is like the wcsrtombs function, except that the number of wide characters to be converted, starting at *src, is limited to nwc. If dest is not a NULL pointer, the wcsnrtombs fu... |
|
wcspbrk(3) -- search a wide-character string for any of a set of wide characters
|
|
The wcspbrk function is the wide-character equivalent of the strpbrk function. It searches for the first occurrence in the wide-character string pointed to by wcs of any of the characters in the wide-... |
|
wcsrchr(3) -- search a wide character in a wide-character string
|
|
The wcsrchr function is the wide-character equivalent of the strrchr function. It searches the last occurrence of wc in the wide-character string pointed to by wcs. |
|
wcsrtombs(3) -- convert a wide character string to a multibyte string
|
|
If dest is not a NULL pointer, the wcsrtombs function converts the wide-character string *src to a multibyte string starting at dest. At most len bytes are written to dest. The shift state *ps is upda... |
|
wcsspn(3) -- advance in a wide-character string, skipping any of a set of wide characters
|
|
The wcsspn function is the wide-character equivalent of the strspn function. It determines the length of the longest initial segment of wcs which consists entirely of wide-characters listed in accept.... |
|
wcsstr(3) -- locate a substring in a wide-character string
|
|
The wcsstr function is the wide-character equivalent of the strstr function. It searches for the first occurrence of the wide-character string needle (without its terminating L'\0' character) as a ... |
|
wcstok(3) -- split wide-character string into tokens
|
|
The wcstok function is the wide-character equivalent of the strtok function, with an added argument to make it multithread-safe. It can be used to split a wide-character string wcs into tokens, where ... |
|
wcstombs(3) -- convert a wide character string to a multibyte string
|
|
If dest is not a NULL pointer, the wcstombs function converts the widecharacter string src to a multibyte string starting at dest. At most n bytes are written to dest. The conversion starts in the ini... |
|
wcswidth(3) -- determine columns needed for a fixed-size wide character string
|
|
The wcswidth function returns the number of columns needed to represent the wide-character string pointed to by s, but at most n wide characters. If a non-printable wide character occurs among these c... |
|
wctob(3) -- try to represent a wide character as a single byte
|
|
The wctob function tests whether the multi-byte representation of the wide character c, starting in the initial state, consists of a single byte. If so, it is returned as an unsigned char. Never use t... |
|
wctomb(3) -- convert a wide character to a multibyte sequence
|
|
If s is not NULL, the wctomb function converts the wide character wc to its multibyte representation and stores it at the beginning of the character array pointed to by s. It updates the shift state, ... |
|
wctrans(3) -- wide character translation mapping
|
|
The wctrans_t type represents a mapping which can map a wide character to another wide character. Its nature is implementation dependent, but the special value (wctrans_t)0 denotes an invalid mapping.... |
|
wctype(3) -- wide character classification
|
|
The wctype_t type represents a property which a wide character may or may not have. In other words, it represents a class of wide characters. This type's nature is implementation dependent, but the s... |
|
wcwidth(3) -- determine columns needed for a wide character
|
|
The wcwidth function returns the number of columns needed to represent the wide character c. If c is a printable wide character, the value is at least 0. If c is L'\0', the value is 0. Otherwise -1... |
|
winop(3) -- Perform assorted window operations
|
|
The winop command performs various window operations on Tk windows using low-level Xlib function calls to work around window manager pecularities. |
|
wmemchr(3) -- search a wide character in a wide-character array
|
|
The wmemchr function is the wide-character equivalent of the memchr function. It searches the n wide characters starting at s for the first occurrence of the wide character c. |
|
wmemcmp(3) -- compare two arrays of wide-characters
|
|
The wmemcmp function is the wide-character equivalent of the memcmp function. It compares the n wide-characters starting at s1 and the n wide-characters starting at s2. |
|
wmemcpy(3) -- copy an array of wide-characters
|
|
The wmemcpy function is the wide-character equivalent of the memcpy function. It copies n wide characters from the array starting at src to the array starting at dest. The arrays may not overlap; use ... |
|
wmemmove(3) -- copy an array of wide-characters
|
|
The wmemmove function is the wide-character equivalent of the memmove function. It copies n wide characters from the array starting at src to the array starting at dest. The arrays may overlap. The pr... |
|
wmemset(3) -- fill an array of wide-characters with a constant wide character
|
|
The wmemset function is the wide-character equivalent of the memset function. It fills the array of n wide-characters starting at wcs with n copies of the wide character wc. |
|
wprintf(3) -- formatted wide character output conversion
|
|
The wprintf family of functions is the wide-character equivalent of the printf family of functions. It performs formatted output of wide characters. The wprintf and vwprintf functions perform wide cha... |
|
xdr(3) -- library routines for external data representation
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|
|
|
__setfpucw(3) -- set fpu control word on i386 architecture (obsolete)
|
|
__setfpucw transfers control_word to the registers of the fpu (floating point unit) on i386 architecture. This was used to control floating point precision, rounding and floating point exceptions. |
|
console(4) -- console terminal and virtual consoles
|
|
A Linux system has up to 63 virtual consoles (character devices with major number 4 and minor number 1 to 63), usually called /dev/ttyn with 1 <= n <= 63. The current console is also addressed by /dev... |
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console_codes(4) -- Linux console escape and control sequences
|
|
The Linux console implements a large subset of the VT102 and ECMA-48/ISO 6429/ANSI X3.64 terminal controls, plus certain privatemode sequences for changing the color palette, character-set mapping, et... |
|
console_ioctl(4) -- ioctl's for console terminal and virtual consoles
|
|
WARNING: If you use the following information you are going to burn yourself. WARNING: ioctl's are undocumented Linux internals, liable to be changed without warning. Use POSIX functions. The followi... |
|
console_ioctls(4) -- 0console ioctl's- ioctl's for console terminal and virtual consoles
|
|
WARNING: If you use the following information you are going to burn yourself. WARNING: ioctl's are undocumented Linux internals, liable to be changed without warning. Use POSIX functions where availa... |
|
dsp56k(4) -- DSP56001 interface device
|
|
The Motorola DSP56001 is a fully programmable 24-bit digital signal processor found in Atari Falcon030-compatible computers. The dsp56k special file is used to control the DSP56001, and to send and re... |
|
fd(4) -- floppy disk device
|
|
fd special files access the floppy disk drives in raw mode. The following ioctl(2) calls are supported by fd devices: FDCLRPRM [Toc] [Back] clears the media information of a drive (geometry of d... |
|
fifo(4) -- first-in first-out special file, named pipe
|
|
A FIFO special file (a named pipe) is similar to a pipe, except that it is accessed as part of the file system. It can be opened by multiple processes for reading or writing. When processes are exchan... |
|
full(4) -- always full device
|
|
File /dev/full has major device number 1 and minor device number 7. Writes to the /dev/full device will fail with an ENOSPC error. Reads from the /dev/full device will return \0 characters. Seeks on ... |
|
hd(4) -- MFM/IDE hard disk devices
|
|
The hd* devices are block devices to access MFM/IDE hard disk drives in raw mode. The master drive on the primary IDE controller (major device number 3) is hda; the slave drive is hdb. The master driv... |
|
initrd(4) -- boot loader initialized RAM disk
|
|
The special file /dev/initrd is a read-only block device. Device /dev/initrd is a RAM disk that is initialized (e.g. loaded) by the boot loader before the kernel is started. The kernel then can use th... |
|
intro(4) -- Introduction to special files
|
|
This chapter describes special files. |
|
lp(4) -- line printer devices
|
|
The following ioctl(2) calls are supported: int ioctl(int fd, LPTIME, int arg) Sets the amount of time that the driver sleeps before rechecking the printer when the printer's buffer appears to be fil... |
|
mem(4) -- system memory, kernel memory and system ports
|
|
Mem is a character device file that is an image of the main memory of the computer. It may be used, for example, to examine (and even patch) the system. Byte addresses in mem are interpreted as physic... |
|
mouse(4) -- serial mouse interface
|
|
Introduction The pinout of the usual 9 pin plug as used for serial mice is: pin name used for 2 RX Data 3 TX -12 V, Imax = 10 mA 4 DTR +12 V, Imax = 10 mA 7 RTS +12 V, Imax = 10 mA 5 GND Ground This i... |
|
null(4) -- data sink
|
|
Data written on a null or zero special file is discarded. Reads from the null special file always return end of file, whereas reads from zero always return \0 characters. null and zero are typically ... |
|
ram(4) -- ram disk device
|
|
The Ram device is a block device to access the ram disk in raw mode. It is typically created by: mknod -m 660 /dev/ram b 1 1 chown root:disk /dev/ram |
|
random(4) -- kernel random number source devices
|
|
The character special files /dev/random and /dev/urandom (present since Linux 1.3.30) provide an interface to the kernel's random number generator. File /dev/random has major device number 1 and mino... |
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sd(4) -- Driver for SCSI Disk Drives
|
|
The following ioctls are provided: HDIO_GETGEO Returns the BIOS disk parameters in the following structure: struct hd_geometry { unsigned char heads; unsigned char sectors; unsigned short cylinders; u... |
|
st(4) -- SCSI tape device
|
|
The st driver provides the interface to a variety of SCSI tape devices. Currently, the driver takes control of all detected devices of type "sequential-access." The st driver uses major device numbe... |
|
tty(4) -- controlling terminal
|
|
The file /dev/tty is a character file with major number 5 and minor number 0, usually of mode 0666 and owner.group root.tty. It is a synonym for the controlling terminal of a process, if any. In addit... |
|
ttys(4) -- serial terminal lines
|
|
ttyS[0-3] are character devices for the serial terminal lines. They are typically created by: mknod -m 660 /dev/ttyS0 c 4 64 # base address 0x03f8 mknod -m 660 /dev/ttyS1 c 4 65 # base address 0x02f8 ... |
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vcs(4) -- virtual console memory
|
|
/dev/vcs0 is a character device with major number 7 and minor number 0, usually of mode 0644 and owner root.tty. It refers to the memory of the currently displayed virtual console terminal. /dev/vcs[1... |
|
wavelan(4) -- AT&T GIS WaveLAN ISA device driver
|
|
wavelan is the low-level device driver for the NCR / AT&T / Lucent WaveLAN ISA and Digital (DEC) RoamAbout DS wireless ethernet adapter. This driver is available as a module or might be compiled in th... |
|
acct(5) -- execution accounting file
|
|
The kernel maintains an accounting information structure for all processes. If a process terminates, and accounting is enabled, the kernel calls the acct(2) function to prepare, and then append, a rec... |
|
adduser.conf(5) -- configuration file for adduser(8) and addgroup(8).
|
|
The file /etc/adduser.conf contains defaults for the programs adduser(8) and addgroup(8). Each option takes the form option = value. Double or single quotes are allowed around the value. Comment lines... |
|
apt.conf(5) -- Configuration file for APT
|
|
apt.conf is the main configuration file for the APT suite of tools, all tools make use of the configuration file and a common command line parser to provide a uniform environment. When an APT tool sta... |
|
apt_preferences(5) -- Preference control file for APT
|
|
The APT preferences file controls various aspects of the APT system. It is meant to be user editable and manipulatable from software. The file consists of a number of records formed like the dpkg stat... |
|
at.allow(5) -- determine who can submit jobs via at or batch
|
|
The /etc/at.allow and /etc/at.deny files determine which user can submit commands for later execution via at(1) or batch(1). The format of the files is a list of usernames, one on each line. Whitespac... |
|
charmap(5) -- character symbols to define character encodings
|
|
A character set description (charmap) defines a characterset of available characters and their encodings. All supported character sets should have the portable character set as a proper subset. |
|
crontab(5) -- tables for driving cron
|
|
A crontab file contains instructions to the cron(8) daemon of the general form: ``run this command at this time on this date''. Each user has their own crontab, and commands in any given crontab wil... |
|
cvs(5) -- Concurrent Versions System support files
|
|
cvs is a system for providing source control to hierarchical collections of source directories. Commands and procedures for using cvs are described in cvs(1). cvs manages source repositories, the dire... |
|
deb(5) -- Debian binary package format
|
|
The .deb format is the Debian binary package file format. It is understood by dpkg 0.93.76 and later, and is generated by default by all versions of dpkg since 1.2.0 and all i386/ELF versions since 1.... |
|
deb-control(5) -- Debian packages' master control file format
|
|
Each Debian package contains the master `control' file, which contains a number of fields. Each field begins with a tag, such as Package or Version (case insensitive), followed by a colon, and the bo... |
|
deb-old(5) -- old style Debian binary package format
|
|
The .deb format is the Debian binary package file format. This manual page describes the old format, used before Debian 0.93. Please see deb(5) for details of the new format. |
|
deluser.conf(5) -- configuration file for deluser(8) and delgroup(8).
|
|
The file /etc/deluser.conf contains defaults for the programs deluser(8) and delgroup(8). Each option takes the form option = value. Double or single quotes are allowed around the value. Comment lines... |
|
dhclient.conf(5) -- DHCP client configuration file
|
|
The dhclient.conf file contains configuration information for dhclient, the Internet Software Consortium DHCP Client. The dhclient.conf file is a free-form ASCII text file. It is parsed by the recursi... |
|
dhclient.leases(5) -- DHCP client lease database
|
|
The Internet Software Consortium DHCP client keeps a persistent database of leases that it has acquired that are still valid. The database is a free-form ASCII file containing one valid declaration pe... |
|
dhcp-options-dhclient(5) -- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol options
|
|
The Dynamic Host Configuration protocol allows the client to receive options from the DHCP server describing the network configuration and various services that are available on the network. When conf... |
|
dialups(5) -- List of dialup lines
|
|
The d_passwd file contains the names of login shells which require dialup passwords. Each line contains the fully qualified path name for the shell, followed by an optional password. Each field is sep... |
|
dir_colors(5) -- configuration file for dircolors(1)
|
|
The program ls(1) uses the environment variable LS_COLORS to determine in what color the filenames should be displayed. This environment variable is usually set by a command like eval `dircolors some_... |
|
ethers(5) -- Ethernet address to IP number database
|
|
/etc/ethers contains 48 bit Ethernet addresses and their corresponding IP numbers, one line for each IP number: Ethernet-address IP-number The two items are separated by any number of SPACE and/or TAB... |
|
faillog(5) -- Login failure logging file
|
|
faillog maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account. The file is fixed length record, indexed by numerical UID. Each record contains the count of login failures since the last ... |
|
fs(5) -- Linux filesystem types: minix, ext, ext2, xia, msdos, umsdos, vfat, proc, nfs, iso9660, hpfs, sysv, ...
|
|
In the file /proc/filesystems you can find which filesystems your kernel currently supports. (If you need a currently unsupported one, insert the corresponding module or recompile the kernel.) Below a... |
|
fstab(5) -- static information about the filesystems
|
|
The file fstab contains descriptive information about the various file systems. fstab is only read by programs, and not written; it is the duty of the system administrator to properly create and maint... |
|
ftpchroot(5) -- file which lists users who need to be chrooted
|
|
/etc/ftpchroot is used by ftpd(8); the file contains a list of users who need to be chrooted before the ftp service is offered. Blank lines and lines beginning with "#" are ignored. Remember that th... |
|
ftpusers(5) -- file which lists users who are not allowed to use ftp
|
|
/etc/ftpusers is used by ftpd(8); the file contains a list of users who are not allowed to use the ftp command. For security reasons at least users like ``root'', ``bin'', ``uucp'' and ``news'... |
|
gateways(5) -- File which lists gateways for routed
|
|
/etc/gateways is used by routed(8); the file contains a list of gateways which may not be located by using only information from the SIOGIFCONF ioctl(2) when routed(8) is started. Gateways specified i... |
|
group(5) -- user group file
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/etc/group is an ASCII file which defines the groups to which users belong. There is one entry per line, and each line has the format: group_name:passwd:GID:user_list The field descriptions are: group... |
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host.conf(5) -- resolver configuration file
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The file /etc/host.conf contains configuration information specific to the resolver library. It should contain one configuration keyword per line, followed by appropriate configuration information. Th... |
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hosts(5) -- The static table lookup for host names
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This manual page describes the format of the /etc/hosts file. This file is a simple text file that associates IP addresses with hostnames, one line per IP address. For each host a single line should b... |
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hosts.equiv(5) -- list of hosts and users that are granted "trusted" r command access to your system
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The hosts.equiv file allows or denies hosts and users to use the r-commands (e.g. rlogin, rsh or rcp) without supplying a password. The file uses the following format: [ + | - ] [hostname] [username] ... |
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hosts_access(5) -- format of host access control files
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This manual page describes a simple access control language that is based on client (host name/address, user name), and server (process name, host name/address) patterns. Examples are given at the end... |
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hosts_options(5) -- host access control language extensions
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This document describes optional extensions to the language described in the hosts_access(5) document. The extensions are enabled at program build time. For example, by editing the Makefile and turnin... |
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html2textrc(5) -- formatting properties file for html2text(1)
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The html2textrc(5) file defines a set of formatting properties used by the html2text(1) utility, that overrides the program's built-in formatting defaults. Each line of the html2textrc(5) file is eit... |
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inetd.conf(5) -- Internet servers database
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Upon execution, inetd reads its configuration information from a configuration file which, by default, is /etc/inetd.conf. There must be an entry for each field of the configuration file, with entries... |
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info(5) -- readable online documentation
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The Info file format is an easily-parsable representation for online documents. It can be read by emacs(1) and info(1) among other programs. Info files are usually created from texinfo(5) sources by m... |
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initscript(5) -- script that executes inittab commands.
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When the shell script /etc/initscript is present, init will use it to execute the commands from inittab. This script can be used to set things like ulimit and umask default values for every process. |
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inittab(5) -- format of the inittab file used by the sysv-compatible init process
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The inittab file describes which processes are started at bootup and during normal operation (e.g. /etc/init.d/boot, /etc/init.d/rc, gettys...). Init(8) distinguishes multiple runlevels, each of which... |
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interfaces(5) -- network interface configuration for ifup and ifdown
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/etc/network/interfaces contains network interface configuration information for the ifup(8) and ifdown(8) commands. This is where you configure how your system is connected to the network, by setting... |
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intro(5) -- Introduction to file formats
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This chapter describes various file formats and protocols, and the used C structures, if any. |
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ipc(5) -- System V interprocess communication mechanisms
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The manual page refers to the Linux implementation of the System V interprocess communication mechanisms: message queues, semaphore sets and shared memory segments. In the following, the word resource... |
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issue(5) -- pre-login message and identification file
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The file /etc/issue is an text file which contains a message or system identification to be printed before the login prompt. It may contain various @char and \char sequences, if supported by getty(1)... |
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issue.net(5) -- identification file for telnet sessions
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The file /etc/issue.net is a text file which contains a message or system identification to be printed before the login prompt of a telnet session. It may contain various `%-char' sequences. The foll... |
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keymaps(5) -- keyboard table descriptions for loadkeys and dumpkeys
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These files are used by loadkeys(1) to modify the translation tables used by the kernel keyboard driver and generated by dumpkeys(1) from those translation tables. The format of these files is vaguely... |
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ldap.conf(5) -- ldap configuration file
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The ldap.conf configuration file is used to set system-wide defaults to be applied when running ldap clients. If the environment variable LDAPNOINIT is defined, all defaulting is disabled. Each user m... |
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ldapfilter.conf(5) -- configuration file for LDAP get filter routines
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The file /etc/ldap/ldapfilter.conf contains information used by the LDAP get filter routines (see ldap-getfilter(3)). Blank lines and lines that have a first character of `#' are treated as comments ... |
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ldapsearchprefs.conf(5) -- configuration file for LDAP search preference routines
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The file /etc/ldap/ldapsearchprefs.conf contains information used by the LDAP search preference routines (see ldap-searchpref(3)). Blank lines and lines that have a first character of `#' are treated... |
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ldaptemplates.conf(5) -- configuration file for LDAP display template routines
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The file /etc/ldap/ldaptemplates.conf contains information used by the LDAP display templates routines (see ldap-disptmpl(3)). Blank lines and lines that have a first character of `#' are treated as ... |
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locale(5) -- Describes a locale definition file
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The locale definition files contains all the information that the localedef(1) command needs to convert it into the binary locale database. The definition files consist of sections which each describe... |
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locatedb(5) -- front-compressed file name database
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This manual page documents the format of file name databases for the GNU version of locate. The file name databases contain lists of files that were in particular directory trees when the databases we... |
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login.defs(5) -- Login configuration
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The /etc/login.defs file defines the site-specific configuration for the shadow login suite. This file is required. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in ... |
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magic(5) -- file command's magic number file
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This manual page documents the format of the magic file as used by the file(1) command, version 3.37-3.1. The file(1) command identifies the type of a file using, among other tests, a test for whether... |
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manpath(5) -- format of the /etc/manpath.config file
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The manpath configuration file is used by the manual page utilities to assess users' manpaths at run time, to indicate which manual page hierarchies (manpaths) are to be treated as system hierarchies... |
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modules(5) -- kernel modules to load at boot time
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The /etc/modules file contains the names of kernel modules that are to be loaded at boot time, one per line. Arguments can be given in the same line as the module name. Comments begin with a `#', and... |
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modules.conf(5) -- configuration file for loading kernel modules
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The behavior of modprobe(8) (and depmod(8) ) can be modified by the (optional) configuration file /etc/modules.conf. The configuration file consists of a set of lines. All empty lines, and all text on... |
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motd(5) -- message of the day
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The contents of /etc/motd are displayed by login(1) after a successful login but just before it executes the login shell. The "motd" stands for "message of the day", and this file has been traditi... |
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netgroup(5) -- specify network groups
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The netgroup file defines "netgroups", which are sets of (host, user, domain) tuples, used for permission checking when doing remote mounts, remote logins and remote shells. Each line in the file co... |
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nfs(5) -- nfs fstab format and options
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The fstab file contains information about which filesystems to mount where and with what options. For NFS mounts, it contains the server name and exported server directory to mount from, the local dir... |
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nicknames(5) -- nickname translation table for NIS maps
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nicknames contains a list of aliases and the corresponding NIS maps. There is one entry per line. The default nicknames table looks like: passwd passwd.byname group group.byname networks networks.byad... |
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nologin(5) -- prevent non-root users from logging into the system
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If the file /etc/nologin exists, login(1) will allow access only to root. Other users will be shown the contents of this file and their logins refused. |
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nsswitch.conf(5) -- System Databases and Name Service Switch configuration file
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Various functions in the C Library need to be configured to work correctly in the local environment. Traditionally, this was done by using files (e.g., `/etc/passwd'), but other nameservices (like th... |
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papersize(5) -- specify preferred paper size
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The papersize file is used to specify the preferred paper size to use by available commands and programs generating documents. The format of this file is extremely simple: whitespace and anything star... |
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passwd(5) -- The password file
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passwd contains various pieces of information for each user account. Included is Login name Optional encrypted password Numerical user ID Numerical group ID User name or comment field User home direct... |
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proc(5) -- process information pseudo-filesystem
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/proc is a pseudo-filesystem which is used as an interface to kernel data structures rather than reading and interpreting /dev/kmem. Most of it is read-only, but some files allow kernel variables to b... |
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protocols(5) -- the protocols definition file
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This file is a plain ASCII file, describing the various DARPA internet protocols that are available from the TCP/IP subsystem. It should be consulted instead of using the numbers in the ARPA include f... |
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rc.boot(5) -- directory for local or per-package boot scripts.
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The /etc/rc.boot directory is obsolete. It has been superseded by the /etc/rcS.d directory. At boot time, first the /etc/rcS.d directory is scanned and then, for backwards compatibility, the /etc/rc.b... |
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rcS(5) -- defaults used at boot time
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/etc/default/rcS contains information in the following format: name=value Only one value per line is allowed. Comments are allowed too and must start with the ``#'' character. |
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resolver(5) -- resolver configuration file
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The resolver is a set of routines in the C library that provide access to the Internet Domain Name System. The resolver configuration file contains information that is read by the resolver routines th... |
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rpc(5) -- rpc program number data base
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The rpc file contains user readable names that can be used in place of rpc program numbers. Each line has the following information: name of server for the rpc program rpc program number aliases Items... |
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sane-abaton(5) -- SANE backend for Abaton flatbed scanners
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The sane-abaton library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Abaton flatbed scanners. At present, only the Scan 300/GS (8bit, 256 levels of gray) is fully suppor... |
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sane-agfafocus(5) -- SANE backend for AGFA Focus flatbed scanners
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The sane-agfafocus library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to AGFA Focus flatbed scanners. At present, the following scanners are supported from this backend: ... |
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sane-apple(5) -- SANE backend for Apple flatbed scanners
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The sane-apple library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Apple flatbed scanners. At present, the following scanners are supported from this backend: ---------... |
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sane-artec(5) -- SANE backend for Artec flatbed scanners
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The sane-artec library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Artec/Ultima SCSI flatbed scanners. At present, the following scanners are known to work at least par... |
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sane-as6e(5) -- SANE backend for using the Artec AS6E parallel port interface scanner.
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The sane-as6e library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Artec AS6E flatbed scanner. It requires the as6edriver program in order to operate. The as6edriver pro... |
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sane-avision(5) -- SANE backend for Avision (and OEM HP, Minolta) flatbed scanners
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The sane-avision library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Avision flatbed scanners and the Avision OEM scanners labelled with HP and Minolta. |
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sane-bh(5) -- SANE backend for Bell+Howell Copiscan II series document scanners
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The sane-bh library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Bell+Howell Copiscan II series document scanners. The Copiscan II 6338 has been the primary scanner mode... |
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sane-canon(5) -- SANE backend for Canon flatbed scanners
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The sane-canon library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to the following Canon flatbed scanners: CanoScan 300 CanoScan 600 CanoScan 2700F No parallel port and U... |
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sane-coolscan(5) -- SANE backend for Nikon film-scanners
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The sane-coolscan library implements a SANE backend that provides the interface to the following Nikon Coolscan Film scanners: Nikon LS20, LS30, LS1000, LS2000. Even though the backend has worked for ... |
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sane-dc210(5) -- SANE backend for Kodak DC210 Digital Camera
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The sane-dc210 library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to the Kodak DC210 camera. THIS IS EXTREMELY ALPHA CODE! USE AT YOUR OWN RISK!! |
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sane-dc240(5) -- SANE backend for Kodak DC240 Digital Camera
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The sane-dc240 library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to the Kodak DC240 camera. THIS IS EXTREMELY ALPHA CODE! USE AT YOUR OWN RISK!! |
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sane-dc25(5) -- SANE backend for Kodak DC20/DC25 Digital Cameras
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The sane-dc25 library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Kodak DC20 and DC25 cameras. At present, only the DC25 has been tested, but since the code is based on... |
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sane-dll(5) -- SANE dynamic backend loader
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The sane-dll library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to an arbitrary number of other SANE backends. These backends may either be pre-loaded at the time the san... |
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sane-dmc(5) -- SANE backend for the Polaroid Digital Microscope Camera
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The sane-dmc library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to the Polaroid Digital Microscope Camera. |
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sane-epson(5) -- SANE backend for EPSON scanners
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The sane-epson library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Epson flatbed scanners. Some functions of this backend should be considered beta-quality software! Mo... |
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sane-fujitsu(5) -- SANE backends for Fujitsu flatbed scanners
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The sane-m3096g and sane-sp15c libraries implement SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backends which provide access to Fujitsu flatbed scanners. At present, the following scanners are known to work with t... |
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sane-gphoto2(5) -- SANE backend for gphoto2 supported cameras
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The sane-gphoto2 library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to the digital cameras supported by gphoto2. THIS IS EXTREMELY ALPHA CODE! USE AT YOUR OWN RISK!! |
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sane-hp(5) -- SANE backend for HP ScanJet scanners
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The sane-hp library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to HP ScanJet scanners and OfficeJet multi-function peripherals (MFPs) which support SCL (Scanner Control L... |
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sane-microtek(5) -- SANE backend for Microtek scanners
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The sane-microtek library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to the "second generation" Microtek scanners. At present, the following hardware is known to work w... |
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sane-microtek2(5) -- SANE backend for Microtek scanners with SCSI-2 command set
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The sane-microtek2 library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Microtek scanners with a SCSI-2 command set. This backend can be considered alpha to beta. Some s... |
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sane-mustek(5) -- SANE backend for Mustek flatbed scanners
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The sane-mustek library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Mustek (and some relabeled Trust and Primax) flatbed scanners. At present, the following scanners ar... |
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sane-mustek_pp(5) -- SANE backend for Mustek parallel port flatbed scanners
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The sane-mustek_pp library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Mustek parallel port flatbed scanners. The following scanners might work with this backend: Model... |
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sane-mustek_usb(5) -- SANE backend for Mustek USB flatbed scanners
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The sane-mustek_usb library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Mustek (and some relabeled Trust) USB flatbed scanners. At present, the following scanners are k... |
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sane-nec(5) -- SANE backend for NEC scanners
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The sane-nec library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to NEC SCSI scanners. This backend should be considered alpha-quality software! In the current state it is... |
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sane-net(5) -- SANE network backend
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The sane-net library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to image acquisition devices through a network connection. This makes it possible to control devices attac... |
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sane-pie(5) -- SANE backend for PIE, Devcom and AdLib SCSI flatbed scanners
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The sane-pie library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to PIE, Devcom and AdLib SCSI flatbed scanners. At present, the following scanners should work with this b... |
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sane-pint(5) -- SANE backend for scanners that use the PINT device driver
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The sane-pint library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides generic access to hand-held and flatbed scanners using the PINT (PINT Is Not Twain) device driver. The PINT driv... |
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sane-plustek(5) -- 0sane-plustek SANE backend for Plustek parallel port and LM983[1/2/3] based USB flatbed scanners
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The sane-plustek library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Plustek parallel port and USB flatbed scanners. The USB support is part of the SANE package but for... |
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sane-pnm(5) -- SANE PNM image reader pseudo-backend
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The sane-pnm library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to PNM (Portable aNyMap files, which covers PBM bitmap files, PGM grayscale files, and PPM pixmap files). ... |
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sane-qcam(5) -- SANE backend for Connectix QuickCam cameras
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The sane-qcam library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access Connectix QuickCam cameras. |
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sane-ricoh(5) -- SANE backend for Ricoh flatbed scanners
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The sane-ricoh library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to the following Ricoh flatbed scanners: IS50 IS60 |
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sane-s9036(5) -- SANE backend for Siemens 9036 flatbed scanners
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The sane-s9036 library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Siemens 9036 flatbed scanners. |
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sane-scsi(5) -- SCSI adapter tips for scanners
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This manual page contains various operating-system specific tips and tricks on how to get scanners with a SCSI interface working. |
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sane-sharp(5) -- SANE backend for SHARP scanners
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The sane-sharp library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Sharp SCSI scanners. This backend should be considered beta-quality software! In the current state it... |
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sane-sm3600(5) -- SANE backend for Microtek scanners M011 USB chip
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The sane-sm3600 library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to some Microtek scanners with the Toshiba M011 custom USB chip. This backend should be considered alph... |
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sane-snapscan(5) -- SANE backend for AGFA SnapScan flatbed scanners
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The sane-snapscan library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to AGFA SnapScan flatbed scanners. At present, the following scanners are supported from this backend... |
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sane-st400(5) -- SANE backend for Siemens ST/Highscan flatbed scanners
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The sane-st400 library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Siemens ST400 flatbed scanners and compatibles. At present, the following scanners are supported by t... |
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sane-tamarack(5) -- SANE backend for Tamarack flatbed scanners
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The sane-tamarack library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to the following Tamarack flatbed scanners: Artiscan 6000C Artiscan 8000C Artiscan 12000C |
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sane-umax(5) -- SANE backend for UMAX scanners
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The sane-umax library implements a SANE backend that provides acces to several UMAX-SCSI-scanners and some Linotye Hell SCSI-scanners, parallel- and USB-scanners are not (and propably will never be) s... |
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sane-umax1220u(5) -- SANE backend for the UMAX Astra 1220U scanner
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The sane-umax1220 library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend for the the UMAX Astra 1220U scanner. For the latest information on this backend, please visit http://umax1220u-sane.sourc... |
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sane-umax_pp(5) -- SANE backend for Umax parallel port flatbed scanners
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The sane-umax_pp library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides access to Umax parallel port flatbed scanners. The following scanners work with this backend: Model: --------... |
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sane-usb(5) -- USB configuration tips for SANE
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|
This manual page contains tips and tricks on how to access scanners with a USB interface. |
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sane-v4l(5) -- SANE interface for Video for Linux API
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The sane-v4l library implements a SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) backend that provides generic access to video cameras and similar equipment using the V4L (Video for Linux) API. |
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securetty(5) -- file which lists ttys from which root can log in
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/etc/securetty is used by login(1); the file contains the device names of tty lines (one per line, without leading /dev/) on which root is allowed to login. |
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services(5) -- Internet network services list
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services is a plain ASCII file providing a mapping between friendly textual names for internet services, and their underlying assigned port numbers and protocol types. Every networking program should ... |
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shadow(5) -- encrypted password file
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|
shadow contains the encrypted password information for user's accounts and optional the password aging information. Included is Login name Encrypted password Days since Jan 1, 1970 that password was ... |
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shells(5) -- pathnames of valid login shells
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|
/etc/shells is a text file which contains the full pathnames of valid login shells. This file is consulted by chsh(1) and available to be queried by other programs. Be aware that there are programs wh... |
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slabinfo(5) -- Kernel slab allocator statistics
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|
Frequently used objects in the Linux kernel (buffer heads, inodes, dentries, etc) have their own cache. The file /proc/slabinfo gives statistics. For example % cat /proc/slabinfo slabinfo - version: 1... |
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sources.list(5) -- Package resource list for APT
|
|
The package resource list is used to locate archives of the package distribution system in use on the system. At this time, this manual page documents only the packaging system used by the Debian GNU/... |
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sysctl.conf(5) -- sysctl(8) preload/configuration file
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|
sysctl.conf is a simple file containing sysctl values to be read in and set by sysctl(8). The syntax is simply as follows: # comment ; comment token = value Note that blank lines are ignored, and whit... |
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syslog.conf(5) -- syslogd(8) configuration file
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|
The syslog.conf file is the main configuration file for the syslogd(8) which logs system messages on *nix systems. This file specifies rules for logging. For special features see the sysklogd(8) manpa... |
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term(5) -- format of compiled term file.
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|
Compiled terminfo descriptions are placed under the directory /usr/share/terminfo. In order to avoid a linear search of a huge UNIX system directory, a two-level scheme is used: /c/name where name is ... |
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termcap(5) -- terminal capability database
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|
The termcap database is an obsolete facility for describing the capabilities of character-cell terminals and printers. It is retained only for capability with old programs; new ones should use the ter... |
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terminfo(5) -- terminal capability data base
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|
Terminfo is a data base describing terminals, used by screen-oriented programs such as nvi(1), rogue(1) and libraries such as curses(3X). Terminfo describes terminals by giving a set of capabilities w... |
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tzfile(5) -- time zone information
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|
The time zone information files used by tzset(3) begin with the magic characters "TZif" to identify then as time zone information files, followed by sixteen bytes reserved for future use, followed b... |
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utmp(5) -- login records
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|
The utmp file allows one to discover information about who is currently using the system. There may be more users currently using the system, because not all programs use utmp logging. Warning: utmp m... |
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vendors.list(5) -- Security key configuration for APT
|
|
The package vendor list contains a list of all vendors from whom you wish to authenticate downloaded packages. For each vendor listed, it must contain the corresponding PGP key fingerprint, so that AP... |
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xpdfrc(5) -- configuration file for Xpdf tools (version 1.00)
|
|
All of the Xpdf tools read a single configuration file. If you have a .xpdfrc file in your home directory, it will be read. Otherwise, a system-wide configuration file will be read from /usr/local/etc... |
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Xsession(5) -- initialize X session
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|
/etc/X11/Xsession is a Bourne shell (sh(1)) script which is run every time an X Window System session is begun by startx(1) or a display manager such as xdm(1). (Some display managers only invoke Xses... |
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Xsession.options(5) -- configuration options for Xsession(5)
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|
/etc/X11/Xsession.options contains a set of flags that determine some of the behavior of the Xsession(5) Bourne shell (sh(1)) script. See the Xsession(5) manpage for further information. Xsession.opti... |
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Xwrapper.config(5) -- configuration options for X server wrapper
|
|
/etc/X11/Xwrapper.config contains a set of flags that determine some of the behavior of Debian's X server wrapper, which is installed on the system as /usr/X11R6/bin/X. The purpose of the wrapper, an... |
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yp.conf(5) -- NIS binding configuration file
|
|
The file /etc/yp.conf is read from ypbind(8) at startup or when receiving signal SIGHUP, and from Linux libc5 with NYS support compiled in. The entries are used for the initial binding. Valid entries ... |
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ypserv.conf(5) -- configuration file for ypserv and rpc.ypxfrd
|
|
ypserv.conf is an ASCII file which contains some options for ypserv. It also contains a list of rules for special host and map access for ypserv and rpc.ypxfrd. This file will be read from ypserv and ... |
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banner(6) -- print large banner on printer
|
|
Banner prints a large, high quality banner on the standard output. If the message is omitted, it prompts for and reads one line of its standard input. The output should be printed on paper of the appr... |
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intro(6) -- Introduction to games
|
|
This chapter describes all the games and funny little programs available on the system. |
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arp(7) -- Linux ARP kernel module.
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|
This kernel protocol module implements the Address Resolution Protocol defined in RFC 826. It is used to convert between Layer2 hardware addresses and IPv4 protocol addresses on directly connected net... |
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ascii(7) -- the ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
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|
ASCII is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a 7-bit code. Many 8-bit codes (such as ISO 8859-1, the Linux default character set) contain ASCII as their lower half. The inter... |
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bootparam(7) -- Introduction to boot time parameters of the Linux kernel
|
|
The Linux kernel accepts certain `command line options' or `boot time parameters' at the moment it is started. In general this is used to supply the kernel with information about hardware parameters... |
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charsets(7) -- programmer's view of character sets and internationalization
|
|
Linux is an international operating system. Various of its utilities and device drivers (including the console driver) support multilingual character sets including Latin-alphabet letters with diacrit... |
|
ddp(7) -- Linux AppleTalk protocol implementation
|
|
Linux implements the Appletalk protocols described in Inside Appletalk. Only the DDP layer and AARP are present in the kernel. They are designed to be used via the netatalk protocol libraries. This pa... |
|
environ(7) -- user environment
|
|
The variable environ points to an array of strings called the `environment'. (This variable must be declared in the user program, but is declared in the header file unistd.h in case the header files ... |
|
glob(7) -- Globbing pathnames
|
|
Long ago, in Unix V6, there was a program /etc/glob that would expand wildcard patterns. Soon afterwards this became a shell built-in. These days there is also a library routine glob(3) that will perf... |
|
hier(7) -- Description of the file system hierarchy
|
|
A typical Linux system has, among others, the following directories: / This is the root directory. This is where the whole tree starts. /bin This directory contains executable programs which are neede... |
|
icmp(7) -- Linux IPv4 ICMP kernel module.
|
|
This kernel protocol module implements the Internet Control Message Protocol defined in RFC792. It is used to signal error conditions and for diagnosis. The user doesn't interact directly with this m... |
|
intro(7) -- Introduction to conventions and miscellany section
|
|
This chapter describes conventions and protocols, character set standards, the standard file system layout, and miscellaneous other things. |
|
ip(7) -- Linux IPv4 protocol implementation
|
|
Linux implements the Internet Protocol, version 4, described in RFC791 and RFC1122. ip contains a level 2 multicasting implementation conforming to RFC1112. It also contains an IP router including a p... |
|
ipv6(7) -- Linux IPv6 protocol implementation
|
|
Linux 2.2 optionally implements the Internet Protocol, version 6. This man page contains a description of the IPv6 basic API as implemented by the Linux kernel and glibc 2.1. The interface is based on... |
|
iso_8859-1(7) -- the ISO 8859-1 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
|
|
The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to the ASCII character set (also known as ISO 646-IRV). Especially important is ISO 8859-1, the "Latin Alphabet No. 1", which has become widel... |
|
iso_8859-15(7) -- the ISO 8859-15 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
|
|
The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to the ASCII character set (also known as ISO 646-IRV). Especially important is ISO 8859-1, the "Latin Alphabet No. 1", which has become widel... |
|
iso_8859-2(7) -- the ISO 8859-2 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
|
|
The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to the ASCII character set (also known as ISO 646-IRV). ISO 8859-2, the "Latin Alphabet No. 2" is used to encode Central and Eastern European ... |
|
iso_8859-7(7) -- the ISO 8859-7 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
|
|
The ISO 8859 standard includes several 8-bit extensions to the ASCII character set (also known as ISO 646-IRV). ISO 8859-7 encodes the characters used in modern monotonic Greek. ISO 8859 Alphabets ... |
|
koi8-r(7) -- Russian Net Character Set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
|
|
KOI8-R is the character set of choice for encoding Russian texts for many Unix-like operation systems. KOI8-R is a successor for KOI-8, a de-facto standard for Internet Mail, News, WWW and other inter... |
|
LDP(7) -- Intro to the Linux Documentation Project, with help, guides and documents
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|
|
|
libpcre(7) -- Perl-compatible regular expressions: expresion syntax.
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|
|
|
locale(7) -- Description of multi-language support
|
|
A locale is a set of language and cultural rules. These cover aspects such as language for messages, different character sets, lexigraphic conventions, etc. A program needs to be able to determine its... |
|
mailaddr(7) -- mail addressing description
|
|
This manual page gives a brief introduction to SMTP mail addresses, as used on the Internet. These addresses are in the general format user@domain where a domain is a hierarchical dot separated list o... |
|
man(7) -- macros to format man pages
|
|
This manual page explains the groff tmac.an macro package (often called the man macro package) and related conventions for creating manual (man) pages. This macro package should be used by developers ... |
|
mdoc(7) -- quick reference guide for the -mdoc macro package
|
|
The -mdoc package is a set of content-based and domain-based macros used to format the BSD man pages. The macro names and their meanings are listed below for quick reference; for a detailed explanatio... |
|
mdoc.samples(7) -- tutorial sampler for writing BSD manuals with -mdoc
|
|
A tutorial sampler for writing BSD manual pages with the -mdoc macro package, a content-based and domain-based formatting package for troff(1). Its predecessor, the -man(7) package, addressed page lay... |
|
netdevice(7) -- Low level access to Linux network devices.
|
|
This man page describes the sockets interface which is used to configure network devices. Linux supports some standard ioctls to configure network devices. They can be used on any socket's file descr... |
|
netlink(7) -- Communication between kernel and user.
|
|
Netlink is used to transfer information between kernel modules and user space processes. It consists of a standard sockets based interface for user processes and an internal kernel API for kernel modu... |
|
packet(7) -- packet interface on device level.
|
|
Packet sockets are used to receive or send raw packets at the device driver (OSI Layer 2) level. They allow the user to implement protocol modules in user space on top of the physical layer. The socke... |
|
pam(7) -- Pluggable Authentication Modules for Linux
|
|
This manual is intended to offer a quick introduction to Linux-PAM. For more information the reader is directed to the Linux-PAM system administrators' guide. Linux-PAM Is a system of libraries that ... |
|
pam-undocumented(7) -- No manpage for this PAM-related program, utility or function.
|
|
This program, utility or function does not have a useful manpage. There is however documentation available for it in the libpam-doc package, which contains The Linux-PAM System Administrator's Guide,... |
|
raw(7) -- Linux IPv4 raw sockets
|
|
Raw sockets allow new IPv4 protocols to be implemented in user space. A raw socket receives or sends the raw datagram not including link level headers. The IPv4 layer generates an IP header when sendi... |
|
regex(7) -- POSIX 1003.2 regular expressions
|
|
Regular expressions (``RE''s), as defined in POSIX 1003.2, come in two forms: modern REs (roughly those of egrep; 1003.2 calls these ``extended'' REs) and obsolete REs (roughly those of ed(1); 100... |
|
rtnetlink(7) -- Linux IPv4 routing socket.
|
|
Rtnetlink allows the kernel's routing tables to be read and altered. It is used within the kernel to communicate between various subsystems, though this usage is not documented here, and for communic... |
|
sane(7) -- Scanner Access Now Easy: API for accessing scanners
|
|
SANE is an application programming interface (API) that provides standardized access to any raster image scanner hardware. The standardized interface makes it possible to write just one driver for eac... |
|
signal(7) -- list of available signals
|
|
Linux supports the signals listed below. Several signal numbers are architecture dependent. First the signals described in POSIX.1. Signal Value Action Comment ----------------------------------------... |
|
socket(7) -- Linux socket interface
|
|
This manual page describes the Linux networking socket layer user interface. The BSD compatible sockets are the uniform interface between the user process and the network protocol stacks in the kernel... |
|
suffixes(7) -- list of file suffixes
|
|
It is customary to indicate the contents of a file with the file suffix, which consists of a period, followed by one or more letters. Many standard utilities, such as compilers, use this to recognize ... |
|
tcp(7) -- TCP protocol.
|
|
This is an implementation of the TCP protocol defined in RFC793, RFC1122 and RFC2001 with the NewReno and SACK extensions. It provides a reliable, stream oriented, full duplex connection between two s... |
|
term(7) -- conventions for naming terminal types
|
|
The environment variable TERM should normally contain the type name of the terminal, console or display-device type you are using. This information is critical for all screen-oriented programs, includ... |
|
udp(7) -- User Datagram Protocol for IPv4
|
|
This is an implemention of the User Datagram Protocol described in RFC768. It implements a connectionless, unreliable datagram packet service. Packets may be reordered or duplicated before they arrive... |
|
undocumented(7) -- No manpage for this program, utility or function.
|
|
This program, utility or function does not have a useful manpage. Please do not report this as a bug, because this has already been reported as a bug; when a manpage becomes available it will be inclu... |
|
unicode(7) -- the Universal Character Set
|
|
The international standard ISO 10646 defines the Universal Character Set (UCS). UCS contains all characters of all other character set standards. It also guarantees round-trip compatibility, i.e., con... |
|
unix(7) -- Sockets for local interprocess communication.
|
|
The PF_UNIX (also known as PF_LOCAL) socket family is used to communicate between processes on the same machine efficiently. Unix sockets can be either anonymous (created by socketpair(2)) or associat... |
|
uri(7) -- uniform resource identifier (URI), including a URL or URN
|
|
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a short string of characters identifying an abstract or physical resource (for example, a web page). A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a URI that identifies a ... |
|
utf-8(7) -- an ASCII compatible multi-byte Unicode encoding
|
|
The Unicode 3.0 character set occupies a 16-bit code space. The most obvious Unicode encoding (known as UCS-2) consists of a sequence of 16-bit words. Such strings can contain as parts of many 16-bit ... |
|
x25(7) -- ITU-T X.25 / ISO-8208 protocol interface.
|
|
X25 sockets provide an interface to the X.25 packet layer protocol. This allows applications to communicate over a public X.25 data network as standardised by International Telecommunication Union's ... |
|
XF86Config(7) -- XFree86 X server configuration
|
|
The Debian system supports simultaneous installation of XFree86 version 3 and version 4 servers. To accomodate this simultaneity, the names of several utilities and manual pages had to be changed from... |
|
accessdb(8) -- dumps the content of a man-db database in a human readable format.
|
|
accessdb will output the data contained within a man_db database in a human readable form. By default, it will dump the data from /var/cache/man/index., where is dependent on the da... |
|
adduser(8) -- add a user or group to the system
|
|
adduser and addgroup add users and groups to the system according to command line options and configuration information in /etc/adduser.conf. They are friendlier front ends to the useradd and groupadd... |
|
apt(8) -- Advanced Package Tool
|
|
APT is a management system for software packages. It is still under development; the snazzy front ends are not yet available. In the meantime, please see apt-get(8). |
|
apt-cache(8) -- APT package handling utility -- cache manipulator
|
|
apt-cache performs a variety of operations on APT's package cache. apt- cache does not manipulate the state of the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting output from th... |
|
apt-cdrom(8) -- APT CDROM managment utility
|
|
apt-cdrom is used to add a new CDROM to APTs list of available sources. apt-cdrom takes care of determining the structure of the disc as well as correcting for several possible mis-burns and verifying... |
|
apt-config(8) -- APT Configuration Query program
|
|
apt-config is an internal program used by various portions of the APT suite to provide consistent configurability. It accesses the main configuarion file /etc/apt/apt.conf in a manner that is easy to ... |
|
apt-get(8) -- APT package handling utility -- command-line interface
|
|
apt-get is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be considered the user's "back-end" to other tools using the APT library. Unless the -h, or --help option is given one of the command... |
|
apt-setup(8) -- add apt download sources
|
|
apt-setup is an interactive program that simplifies adding sources to apt's sources.list. It knows about all the major debian mirrors and can help you select one. It can even use apt-cdrom(8) to scan... |
|
arp(8) -- manipulate the system ARP cache
|
|
Arp manipulates the kernel's ARP cache in various ways. The primary options are clearing an address mapping entry and manually setting up one. For debugging purposes, the arp program also allows a co... |
|
atd(8) -- run jobs queued for later execution
|
|
atd runs jobs queued by at(1). |
|
atrun(8) -- run jobs queued for later execution
|
|
atrun runs jobs queued by at(1). It is a shell script containing invoking /usr/sbin/atd with the -s option, and is provided for backward compatibility with older installations. |
|
badblocks(8) -- search a device for bad blocks
|
|
badblocks is used to search for bad blocks on a device (usually a disk partition). device is the special file corresponding to the device (e.g /dev/hdc1). last-block is the last block to be checked; i... |
|
base-config(8) -- Debian base system configuration
|
|
base-config is the program that was run when you first rebooted into your newly installed debian system. It walks you through setting up the system and downloading additional software, and so forth. T... |
|
blockdev(8) -- call block device ioctls from the command line
|
|
The utility blockdev allows one to call block device ioctls from the command line. |
|
catman(8) -- create or update the pre-formatted manual pages
|
|
catman is used to create an up to date set of pre-formatted manual pages known as cat pages. Cat pages are generally much faster to display than the original manual pages, but require extra storage sp... |
|
cfdisk(8) -- Curses based disk partition table manipulator for Linux
|
|
cfdisk is a curses based program for partitioning any hard disk drive. Typical values of the device argument are: /dev/hda [default] /dev/hdb /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd In order to write the ... |
|
chat(8) -- Automated conversational script with a modem
|
|
The chat program defines a conversational exchange between the computer and the modem. Its primary purpose is to establish the connection between the Point-to-Point Protocol Daemon (pppd) and the remo... |
|
checksecurity(8) -- check for changes to setuid programs
|
|
The checksecurity command scans the mounted files systems (subject to the filter defined in /etc/checksecurity.conf) and compares the list of setuid programs to the list created on the previous run. A... |
|
chpasswd(8) -- update password file in batch
|
|
chpasswd reads a file of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users. Without the -e switch, the passwords are expected to be clearte... |
|
chroot(8) -- run command or interactive shell with special root directory
|
|
Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh). |
|
cleanup-info(8) -- clean up the mess that bogus install-info may have done
|
|
cleanup-info is a Perl script that tries to clean up the mess that bogus install-info may have done. It gathers all sections with the same heading into a single one. It tries to be smart about cases a... |
|
consolechars(8) -- load EGA/VGA console screen font, screen-font map,
|
|
The consolechars command loads a font into the EGA/VGA character generator, and optionally outputs the previous font. This command reads an 8xH font from the file and loads it into the character gener... |
|
cron(8) -- daemon to execute scheduled commands (Vixie Cron)
|
|
cron is started automatically from /etc/init.d on entering multi-user runlevels. cron searches its spool area (/var/spool/cron/crontabs) for crontab files (which are named after accounts in /etc/passw... |
|
cvs-pserver(8) -- The GNU Concurrent Versions System
|
|
This manual page documents briefly the cvs-pserver command. This manual page was written for the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. cvs-pserver is a wrapper around CVS which loads some default variables. ... |
|
cvsbug(8) -- send problem report (PR) about CVS to a central support site
|
|
cvsbug is a tool used to submit problem reports (PRs) to a central support site. In most cases the correct site will be the default. This argument indicates the support site which is responsible for t... |
|
cvsconfig(8) -- The GNU Concurrent Versions System
|
|
This manual page documents briefly the cvsconfig command. This manual page was written for the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. cvsconfig is a program that will configure the Debian CVS setup to enable ... |
|
cytune(8) -- Tune Cyclades driver parameters
|
|
cytune queries and modifies the interruption threshold for the Cyclades driver. Each serial line on a Cyclades card has a 12-byte FIFO for input (and another 12-byte FIFO for output). The "threshold... |
|
debugfs(8) -- ext2 file system debugger
|
|
The debugfs program is an interactive file system debugger. It can be used to examine and change the state of an ext2 file system. device is the special file corresponding to the device containing the... |
|
deluser(8) -- remove a user or group from the system
|
|
deluser and delgroup remove users and groups from the system according to command line options and configuration information in /etc/deluser.conf. They are friendlier front ends to the userdel and gro... |
|
depmod(8) -- handle dependency descriptions for loadable kernel modules
|
|
The depmod and modprobe utilities are intended to make a Linux modular kernel manageable for all users, administrators and distribution maintainers. Depmod creates a "Makefile"-like dependency file,... |
|
dexconf(8) -- generate XFree86 X server configuration file from debconf database values
|
|
Dexconf retrieves values from debconf's database and uses them to build an XF86Config or XF86Config-4 (depending on the default X server selected) file. The information that dexconf uses is typically... |
|
dhclient(8) -- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client
|
|
The Internet Software Consortium DHCP Client, dhclient, provides a means for configuring one or more network interfaces using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, BOOTP protocol, or if these proto... |
|
dhclient-script(8) -- DHCP client network configuration script
|
|
The DHCP client network configuration script is invoked from time to time by dhclient(8). This script is used by the dhcp client to set each interface's initial configuration prior to requesting an a... |
|
dmesg(8) -- print or control the kernel ring buffer
|
|
dmesg is used to examine or control the kernel ring buffer. The program helps users to print out their bootup messages. Instead of copying the messages by hand, the user need only: dmesg > boot.messag... |
|
domainname(8) -- set or display name of current domain
|
|
Without an argument, domainname displays the name of the current NIS domainname of the system. domainname uses the getdomainname(2) function for getting the domainname, nisdomainname and ypdomainname ... |
|
dosfsck(8) -- check and repair MS-DOS file systems
|
|
dosfsck verifies the consistency of MS-DOS file systems and optionally tries to repair them. The following file system problems can be corrected (in this order): - FAT contains invalid cluster numbers... |
|
dpasswd(8) -- change dialup password
|
|
dpasswd adds, deletes, and updates dialup passwords for user login shells. The dialup password is prompted for after a user's password has been authenticated whenever the user logs in over a dialup l... |
|
dpkg(8) -- a medium-level package manager for Debian
|
|
dpkg is a medium-level tool to install, build, remove and manage Debian GNU/Linux packages. The primary and more user-friendly front-end for dpkg is dselect(8). dpkg itself is controlled entirely via ... |
|
dpkg-divert(8) -- override a package's version of a file
|
|
File `diversions' are a way of forcing dpkg not to install a file into its location, but to a `diverted' location. Diversions can be used through the Debian package scripts to move a file away when ... |
|
dpkg-preconfigure(8) -- let packages ask questions prior to their installation
|
|
dpkg-preconfigure lets packages ask questions before they are installed. It operates on a set of debian packages, and all packages that use debconf will have their config script run so they can examin... |
|
dpkg-reconfigure(8) -- reconfigure an already installed package
|
|
dpkg-reconfigure reconfigures packages after they have already been installed. Pass it the names of a package or packages to reconfigure. This has the same effect as re-installing the package, basical... |
|
dpkg-scanpackages(8) -- create Packages files
|
|
dpkg-scanpackages sorts through a tree of Debian binary packages and creates a Packages file, used by dselect(8) to tell the user what packages are available for installation. These Packages files are... |
|
dpkg-scansources(8) -- prog
|
|
dpkg-scansources scans the given binary-dir for .dsc files. These are used to create a Debian source index, which is output to stdout. The override-file, if given, is used to set priorities in the res... |
|
dpkg-split(8) -- Debian package archive split/join tool
|
|
dpkg-split splits Debian binary package files into smaller parts and reassembles them again, to support the storage of large package files on small media such as floppy disks. It can be operated manua... |
|
dpkg-statoverride(8) -- override ownership and mode of files
|
|
`stat overrides' are a way to tell dpkg to use a different owner or mode for a file when a package is installed. (note: I use the word `file' here, but in reality this can be any filesystem object t... |
|
dselect(8) -- console Debian package handling frontend
|
|
dselect is the primary user interface for installing, removing and managing Debian GNU/Linux packages. It is an front-end to dpkg(8). Normally dselect is invoked without parameters, but some commandli... |
|
dumpe2fs(8) -- dump filesystem information
|
|
dumpe2fs prints the super block and blocks group information for the filesystem present on device. dumpe2fs is similar to Berkeley's dumpfs program for the BSD Fast File System. |
|
e2fsck(8) -- check a Linux second extended file system
|
|
e2fsck is used to check a Linux second extended file system (e2fs). E2fsck also supports ext2 filesystems countaining a journal, which are also sometimes known as ext3 filesystems. device is the devic... |
|
e2image(8) -- Save critical ext2 filesystem data to a file
|
|
The e2image program will save critical filesystem data on the ext2 filesystem located on device to a file specified by image-file. The image file may be examined by dumpe2fs and debugfs, by using the ... |
|
e2label(8) -- Change the label on an ext2 filesystem
|
|
e2label will display or change the filesystem label on the ext2 filesystem located on device. If the optional argument new-label is not present, e2label will simply display the current filesystem labe... |
|
efibootmgr(8) -- manipulate the EFI Boot Manager
|
|
efibootmgr is a userspace application used to modify the Intel Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) Boot Manager. This application can create and destroy boot entries, change the boot order, change the... |
|
elilo(8) -- install EFI boot loader
|
|
This manual page documents briefly the elilo command, which was written specifically for the Debian distribution to simplify configuring and using the elilo.efi bootloader. There are two parts to elil... |
|
eliloalt(8) -- manipulate elilo alternate
|
|
The eliloalt command makes it possible to coerce elilo to boot an alternate kernel configuration one time only, as when engaging in kernel development or debugging. |
|
elvtune(8) -- I/O elevator tuner
|
|
elvtune allows to tune the I/O elevator per blockdevice queue basis. The tuning can be safely done at runtime. Tuning the elevator means being able to change disk performance and interactiveness. In t... |
|
exicyclog(8) -- program to cycle exim logs
|
|
The exicyclog script cycles the main and reject log files. Each time it is run the files get 'shuffled down' by one. The mainlog file becomes mainlog.1, the previous mainlog.1 becomes mainlog.2 and ... |
|
exigrep(8) -- program to extract information from exim logs
|
|
exigrep is a Perl script, provided in the util directory, that extracts from one or more log files all entries relevant to any message whose log entries contain at least one that matches a given patte... |
|
exim(8) -- Mail Transfer Agent
|
|
Exim is a mail transport agent (MTA) developed at the University of Cambridge for use on Unix systems connected to the Internet. It is freely available under the terms of the GNU General Public Licenc... |
|
eximconfig(8) -- interactive configure script for exim
|
|
The perl script eximconfig asks you a series of questions, and writes an exim.conf file accordingly. It will destroy any customisation you have made to the configuration file, so you probably only wan... |
|
eximstats(8) -- exim mail statistics
|
|
A Perl script called eximstats is supplied in the util directory. This has been hacked about quite a bit over time. It now gives quite a lot of information by default, but there are options for suppre... |
|
exim_db(8) -- program to maintain exim mailer hint databases
|
|
Three utility programs are provided for maintaining the DBM files that Exim uses to contain its delivery hint information. Each program requires two arguments. The first specifies the name of Exim's ... |
|
exim_dbmbuild(8) -- program to build a database file for exim
|
|
The exim_dbmbuild program reads an input file in the format of an alias file (see chapter 20) and writes a DBM database using the lower-cased alias names as keys and the remainder of the information a... |
|
exim_dumpdb(8) --
|
|
|
|
exim_fixdb(8) --
|
|
|
|
exim_lock(8) -- A program to lock a file exactly as Exim would
|
|
exim_lock is a program to lock a file in exactly the same way as Exim would. It is intended for the investigation of interlocking problems, but can also be used to prevent Exim from modifying the file... |
|
exim_tidydb(8) --
|
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|
|
exinext(8) -- program to extract information from exim retry database
|
|
A utility called exinext (mostly a perl script) provides the ability to fish specific information out of the retry database. Given a mail domain (or a complete address), it looks up the hosts for that... |
|
exiqsumm(8) -- script to summarise contents of mail queue
|
|
The perl script called exiqsumm summarises a mail queue, by grouping together all entries that are addressed to the same domain, and listing the number of messages, number of bytes, and the oldest and... |
|
exiwhat(8) -- programs to query what running exim processes are doing
|
|
The shell script called exiwhat first of all empties the processlog file in Exim's log directory. It then uses the ps command to find all processes running exim, and sends each one the SIGUSR1 signal... |
|
faillog(8) -- examine faillog and set login failure limits
|
|
faillog formats the contents of the failure log, /var/log/faillog, and maintains failure counts and limits. The order of the arguments to faillog is significant. Each argument is processed immediately... |
|
fdformat(8) -- Low-level formats a floppy disk
|
|
fdformat does a low level format on a floppy disk. device is usually one of the following (for floppy devices, the major = 2, and the minor is shown for informational purposes only): /dev/fd0d360 (min... |
|
fdisk(8) -- Partition table manipulator for Linux
|
|
Hard disks can be divided into one or more logical disks called parti- tions. This division is described in the partition table found in sector 0 of the disk. In the BSD world one talks about `disk sl... |
|
fdutilsconfig(8) -- configure the suid bit of fdmount
|
|
The fdutilsconfig script provides an interactive way to configure the suid bit of the fdmount(1) binary. It asks you some questions, give you a hint if needed, and enters your choice to /etc/fdmount.c... |
|
fsck(8) -- check and repair a Linux file system
|
|
fsck is used to check and optionally repair a one or more Linux file systems. filesys can be a device name (e.g. /dev/hdc1, /dev/sdb2), a mount point (e.g. /, /usr, /home), or an ext2 label or UUID sp... |
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fsck.ext2(8) -- check a Linux second extended file system
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e2fsck is used to check a Linux second extended file system (e2fs). E2fsck also supports ext2 filesystems countaining a journal, which are also sometimes known as ext3 filesystems. device is the devic... |
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fsck.ext3(8) -- check a Linux second extended file system
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e2fsck is used to check a Linux second extended file system (e2fs). E2fsck also supports ext2 filesystems countaining a journal, which are also sometimes known as ext3 filesystems. device is the devic... |
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fsck.minix(8) -- a file system consistency checker for Linux
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fsck.minix performs a consistency check for the Linux MINIX filesystem. The current version supports the 14 character and 30 character filename options. The program assumes the file system is quiescen... |
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genksyms(8) -- generate symbol version information
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|
Genksyms reads (on standard input) the output from "gcc -E source.c" and generates a file containing version information. Depending on the output format indicated by the -k option, the output will e... |
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getkeycodes(8) -- print kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table
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The getkeycodes command prints the kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table. |
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getty(8) -- alternative Linux getty
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getty opens a tty port, prompts for a login name and invokes the /bin/login command. It is normally invoked by init(8). getty has several non-standard features that are useful for hard-wired and for d... |
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groupadd(8) -- Create a new group
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The groupadd command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line and the default values from the system. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed. T... |
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groupdel(8) -- Delete a group
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The groupdel command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to group. The named group must exist. You must manually check all filesystems to insure that no files remain wit... |
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groupmod(8) -- Modify a group
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The groupmod command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line. The options which apply to the groupmod command are -g gid The numerical value of ... |
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grpck(8) -- verify integrity of group files
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|
grpck verifies the integrity of the system authentication information. All entries in the /etc/group and /etc/gshadow are checked to see that the entry has the proper format and valid data in each fie... |
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halt(8) -- stop the system.
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Halt notes that the system is being brought down in the file /var/log/wtmp, and then either tells the kernel to halt, reboot or poweroff the system. If halt or reboot is called when the system is not ... |
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hwclock(8) -- query and set the hardware clock (RTC)
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hwclock is a tool for accessing the Hardware Clock. You can display the current time, set the Hardware Clock to a specified time, set the Hardware Clock to the System Time, and set the System Time fro... |
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ifconfig(8) -- configure a network interface
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Ifconfig is used to configure the kernel-resident network interfaces. It is used at boot time to set up interfaces as necessary. After that, it is usually only needed when debugging or when system tun... |
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ifup(8) -- bring a network interface up ifdown - take a network interface down
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The ifup and ifdown commands may be used to configure (or, respectively, deconfigure) network interfaces, based on descriptions of the interfaces entered into the file /etc/network/interfaces. |
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in.ftpd(8) -- Internet File Transfer Protocol server
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Ftpd is the Internet File Transfer Protocol server process. The server uses the TCP protocol and listens at the port specified in the ``ftp'' service specification; see services(5). Available option... |
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in.identtestd(8) -- a small daemon that can be used to test Ident servers
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in.identtestd is a small daemon (to be started from inetd) that does an ident lookup on you if you telnet into it. Can be used to verify that your Ident server is working correctly. The source code ca... |
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in.telnetd(8) -- DARPA telnet protocol server
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The telnetd program is a server which supports the DARPA telnet interactive communication protocol. Telnetd is normally invoked by the internet server (see inetd(8)) for requests to connect to the tel... |
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inetd(8) -- internet ``super-server''
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Inetd should be run at boot time by /etc/init.d/inetd (or /etc/rc.local on some systems). It then listens for connections on certain internet sockets. When a connection is found on one of its sockets,... |
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init(8) -- process control initialization
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Init Init is the parent of all processes. Its primary role is to create processes from a script stored in the file /etc/inittab (see init- tab(5)). This file usually has entries which cause init to sp... |
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insmod(8) -- install loadable kernel module
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insmod installs a loadable module in the running kernel. insmod tries to link a module into the running kernel by resolving all symbols from the kernel's exported symbol table. If the module file nam... |
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install-info(8) -- create or update entry in Info directory
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install-info makes, updates or removes entries in the Info directory, the dir file. When updating or creating entries, if no description is specified on the command line or in the Info file it attempt... |
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install-keymap(8) -- expand a given keymap and install it as boot-time keymap
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install-keymap usually takes a keymap-name as argument. The file is passed to loadkeys for loading, so that valid values for this argument are the same than that of arguments to loadkeys. install-keym... |
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installkernel(8) -- install a new kernel image
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installkernel installs a new kernel image onto the system from the Linux source tree. It is called by the Linux kernel makefiles when make install is invoked there. The new kernel is installed into {d... |
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intro(8) -- Introduction to administration and privileged commands
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This chapter describes commands which either can be or are only used by the superuser, like daemons and machine or hardware related commands. |
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invoke-rc.d(8) -- executes System-V style init script actions
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invoke-rc.d is a generic interface to execute System V style init script /etc/init.d/name actions, obeying runlevel constraints as well as any local policies set by the system administrator. All acces... |
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ip6tables(8) -- IPv6 packet filter administration
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Ip6tables is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IPv6 packet filter rules in the Linux kernel. Several different tables may be defined. Each table contains a number of built-in chains ... |
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ip6tables-restore(8) -- Restore IPv6 Tables
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ip6tables-restore is used to restore IPv6 Tables from data specified on STDIN. Use I/O redirection provided by your shell to read from a file -c, --counters restore the values of all packet and byte c... |
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ip6tables-save(8) -- Save IPv6 Tables
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ip6tables-save is used to dump the contents of an IPv6 Table in easily parseable format to STDOUT. Use I/O-redirection provided by your shell to write to a file. -c, --counters include the current val... |
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ipcrm(8) -- provide information on ipc facilities
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ipcrm will remove the resource(s) specified by id. |
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ipcs(8) -- provide information on ipc facilities
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ipcs provides information on the ipc facilities for which the calling process has read acccess. The -i option allows a specific resource id to be specified. Only information on this id will be printed... |
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ippool(8) -- ?
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BUGS "The man page really sucks." |
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iptables(8) -- IP packet filter administration
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Iptables is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IP packet filter rules in the Linux kernel. Several different tables may be defined. Each table contains a number of built-in chains and... |
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iptables-restore(8) -- Restore IP Tables
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iptables-restore is used to restore IP Tables from data specified on STDIN. Use I/O redirection provided by your shell to read from a file -c, --counters restore the values of all packet and byte coun... |
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iptables-save(8) -- Save IP Tables
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iptables-save is used to dump the contents of an IP Table in easily parseable format to STDOUT. Use I/O-redirection provided by your shell to write to a file. -c, --counters include the current values... |
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kallsyms(8) -- Extract all kernel symbols for debugging
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Kallsyms extracts all the non-stack symbols from a kernel and builds a data blob that can be linked into that kernel for use by debuggers. A normal kernel only exports symbols that are used by modules... |
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kbdrate(8) -- reset the keyboard repeat rate and delay time
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kbdrate is used to change the keyboard repeat rate and delay time. The delay is the amount of time that a key must be depressed before it will start to repeat. Using kbdrate without any options will r... |
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killall5(8) -- send a signal to all processes.
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killall5 is the SystemV killall command. It sends a signal to all processes except the processes in its own session, so it won't kill the shell that is running the script it was called from. Its prim... |
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klogd(8) -- Kernel Log Daemon
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klogd is a system daemon which intercepts and logs Linux kernel messages. |
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ksyms(8) -- display exported kernel symbols.
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Ksyms shows information about exported kernel symbols. The format is address, name, and defining module. OPTIONS [Toc] [Back] -a, --all Display all symbols. By default, symbols from the kernel p... |
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lastlog(8) -- examine lastlog file
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lastlog formats and prints the contents of the last login log, /var/log/lastlog. The login-name, port, and last login time will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed,... |
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ld.so(8) -- dynamic linker/loader
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ld.so loads the shared libraries needed by a program, prepares the program to run, and then runs it. Unless explicitly specified via the -static option to ld during compilation, all Linux programs are... |
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ldconfig(8) -- determine run-time link bindings
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ldconfig creates the necessary links and cache (for use by the run-time linker, ld.so) to the most recent shared libraries found in the directories specified on the command line, in the file /etc/ld.s... |
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logrotate(8) -- rotates, compresses, and mails system logs
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logrotate is designed to ease administration of systems that generate large numbers of log files. It allows automatic rotation, compression, removal, and mailing of log files. Each log file may be han... |
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losetup(8) -- set up and control loop devices
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losetup is used to associate loop devices with regular files or block devices, to detach loop devices and to query the status of a loop device. If only the loop_device argument is given, the status of... |
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lsmod(8) -- list loaded modules.
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lsmod shows information about all loaded modules. The format is name, size, use count, list of referring modules. The information displayed is identical to that available from /proc/modules. If the mo... |
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mailq(8) --
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makedbm(8) -- create or dump a ypserv database file
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makedbm takes the inputfile and converts it to a ypserv database file. In the moment, GDBM is used as database. Each line of the input file is converted to a single record. All characters up to the fi... |
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MAKEDEV(8) -- create devices
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MAKEDEV is a script that will create the devices in /dev used to interface with drivers in the kernel. This man page is woefully out of date. A large number of devices are supported that are not docum... |
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MAKEFLOPPIES(8) --
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mandb(8) -- create or update the manual page index caches
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mandb is used to initialise or manually update index database caches that are usually maintained by man. The caches contain information relevant to the current state of the manual page system and the ... |
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mii-tool(8) -- view, manipulate media-independent interface status
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This utility checks or sets the status of a network interface's Media Independent Interface (MII) unit. Most fast ethernet adapters use an MII to autonegotiate link speed and duplex setting. Most int... |
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mkboot(8) -- makes a bootdisk
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mkboot makes a bootdisk. By default the bootdisk will use the kernel /boot/vmlinuz and the current root partition. Use the -r option to specify a different parition, and provide the new kernel file di... |
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mkdosfs(8) -- create an MS-DOS file system under Linux
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mkdosfs is used to create an MS-DOS file system under Linux on a device (usually a disk partition). device is the special file corresponding to the device (e.g /dev/hdXX). block-count is the number of... |
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mke2fs(8) -- create a Linux second extended file system
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mke2fs is used to create a Linux second extended file system on a device (usually a disk partition). device is the special file corresponding to the device (e.g /dev/hdXX). blocks-count is the number ... |
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mkfs(8) -- build a Linux file system
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mkfs is used to build a Linux file system on a device, usually a hard disk partition. filesys is either the device name (e.g. /dev/hda1, /dev/sdb2) or the mount point (e.g. /, /usr, /home) for the fil... |
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mkfs.ext2(8) -- create a Linux second extended file system
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mke2fs is used to create a Linux second extended file system on a device (usually a disk partition). device is the special file corresponding to the device (e.g /dev/hdXX). blocks-count is the number ... |
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mkfs.ext3(8) -- create a Linux second extended file system
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mke2fs is used to create a Linux second extended file system on a device (usually a disk partition). device is the special file corresponding to the device (e.g /dev/hdXX). blocks-count is the number ... |
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mkfs.minix(8) -- make a Linux MINIX filesystem
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mkfs.minix creates a Linux MINIX file-system on a device (usually a disk partition). The device is usually of the following form: /dev/hda[1-8] (IDE disk 1) /dev/hdb[1-8] (IDE disk 2) /dev/sda[1-8] (S... |
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mklost+found(8) -- create a lost+found directory on a mounted Linux second extended file system
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mklost+found is used to create a lost+found directory in the current working directory on a Linux second extended file system. There is normally a lost+found directory in the root directory of each fi... |
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mknetid(8) -- generate data for netid map
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mknetid generates the netid.byname NIS map from the contents of the group(5), passwd(5), hosts(5) and netid files. It checks for multiple entrys of netids and warn for them or filters them out. It is ... |
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mkswap(8) -- set up a Linux swap area
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mkswap sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file. (After creating the swap area, you need the swapon command to start using it. Usually swap areas are listed in /etc/fstab so that they can be... |
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modconf(8) -- a module configuration utility
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modconf is a script for installing kernel modules on Linux. It can be used interactively (GUI mode) or from the command-line (batch mode). |
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modinfo(8) -- display information about a kernel module
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The modinfo utility examines the object file module_file associated with a kernel module and displays any information that it can glean. OPTIONS [Toc] [Back] -a, --author Display the module's a... |
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modprobe(8) -- high level handling of loadable modules
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The modprobe and depmod utilities are intended to make a Linux modular kernel more manageable for all users, administrators and distribution maintainers. Modprobe uses a "Makefile"-like dependency f... |
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mount(8) -- mount a file system
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All files accessible in a Unix system are arranged in one big tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at /. These files can be spread out over several devices. The mount command serves to attach the file sys... |
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nameif(8) -- name network interfaces based on MAC addresses
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nameif renames network interfaces based on mac addresses. When no arguments are given /etc/mactab is read. Each line of it contains an interface name and a Ethernet MAC address. Comments are allowed s... |
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netstat(8) -- Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multica...
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Netstat prints information about the Linux networking subsystem. The type of information printed is controlled by the first argument, as follows: (none) By default, netstat displays a list of open soc... |
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newaliases(8) -- update /etc/aliases database
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This is a simple shell script calling /usr/lib/sendmail with the -bi option. It is provided for compatibility with the sendmail program. It is not actually necessary to notify exim of changes to /etc/... |
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newusers(8) -- update and create new users in batch
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newusers reads a file of user name and cleartext password pairs and uses this information to update a group of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard pa... |
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nisdomainname(8) --
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nsupdate(8) -- Dynamic DNS update utility
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nsupdate is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC2136 to a name server. This allows resource records to be added or removed from a zone without manually editing the zone file. A... |
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paperconfig(8) -- configure the system default paper size
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paperconfig sets the system (or default) paper to be used by tools using the papersize file. It can either ask interactively for the paper to use or be called non-interactively by scripts. |
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parted(8) -- a partition manipulation program
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This manual page documents briefly the parted command. Complete documentation is distributed with the package. parted is a disk partitioning and partition resizing program. It allows you to create, de... |
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pidof(8) -- find the process ID of a running program.
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Pidof finds the process id's (pids) of the named programs. It prints those id's on the standard output. This program is on some systems used in run-level change scripts, especially when the system h... |
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ping(8) -- send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
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Ping uses the ICMP protocol's mandatory ECHO_REQUEST datagram to elicit an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway. ECHO_REQUEST datagrams (``pings'') have an IP and ICMP header, followed by a ``... |
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pivot_root(8) -- change the root file system
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pivot_root moves the root file system of the current process to the directory put_old and makes new_root the new root file system. Since pivot_root(8) simply calls pivot_root(2), we refer to the man p... |
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plipconfig(8) -- fine tune PLIP device parameters
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Plipconfig is used to (hopefully) improve PLIP performance by changing the default timing parameters used by the PLIP protocol. Results are dependent on the parallel port hardware, cable, and the CPU ... |
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pmap_dump(8) -- print a list of all registered RPC programs
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The pmap_dump command can be used to restart a running portmapper or to print a list of all registered RPC programs on the local host. If you want to use the program to restart the portmapper you have... |
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pmap_set(8) -- set the list of registered RPC programs
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The pmap_set command can be used to restart a running portmapper or to set the list of registered RPC programs on the local host. If you want to use the program to restart the portmapper you have to r... |
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portmap(8) -- DARPA port to RPC program number mapper
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Portmap is a server that converts RPC program numbers into DARPA protocol port numbers. It must be running in order to make RPC calls. When an RPC server is started, it will tell portmap what port num... |
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poweroff(8) --
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pppconfig(8) -- configure pppd
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pppconfig is a dialog based interactive, menu driven utility to help automate setting up a dial out ppp connection. It provides extensive explanations at each step. pppconfig supports PAP, CHAP, and c... |
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pppd(8) -- Point to Point Protocol daemon
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The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) provides a method for transmitting datagrams over serial point-to-point links. PPP is composed of three parts: a method for encapsulating datagrams over serial links,... |
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pppdump(8) -- convert PPP record file to readable format
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The pppdump utility converts the files written using the record option of pppd into a human-readable format. If one or more filenames are specified, pppdump will read each in turn; otherwise it will r... |
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pppoe(8) -- user-space PPPoE client.
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pppoe is a user-space client for PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) for Linux and other UNIX systems. pppoe works in concert with the pppd PPP daemon to provide a PPP connection over Ethern... |
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pppoe-relay(8) -- user-space PPPoE relay agent.
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pppoe-relay is a user-space relay agent for PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) for Linux. pppoe-relay works in concert with the pppoe client and pppoe-server server. See the OPERATION secti... |
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pppoe-server(8) -- user-space PPPoE server
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pppoe-server is a user-space server for PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) for Linux and other UNIX systems. pppoe-server works in concert with the pppoe client to respond to PPPoE discover... |
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pppoe-sniff(8) -- examine network for non-standard PPPoE frames
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pppoe-sniff listens for likely-looking PPPoE PADR and session frames and deduces extra options required for pppoe(8) to work. Some DSL providers seem to use non-standard frame types for PPPoE frames, ... |
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pppoeconf(8) -- configures a PPPoE (ADSL) connection
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The pppoeconf program is userfriendly dialog based setup tool for pppoe and pppd. It will look for existing ethernet cards and look for ADSL hardware connected to one of them. Then it will get some lo... |
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pppstats(8) -- print PPP statistics
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The pppstats utility reports PPP-related statistics at regular intervals for the specified PPP interface. If the interface is unspecified, it will default to ppp0. The display is split horizontally in... |
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pwck(8) -- verify integrity of password files
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pwck verifies the integrity of the system authentication information. All entries in the /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow are checked to see that the entry has the proper format and valid data in each fiel... |
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pwconv(8) -- convert to and from shadow passwords and groups.
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These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files: /etc/passwd, /etc/group, /etc/shadow, and /etc/gshadow. pwconv creates shadow from passwd and an optionally existing ... |
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pwupdate(8) -- updates passwd and shadow NIS map
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pwupdate is invoked by rpc.yppasswdd(8) after changing the password and it should update the passwd and shadow NIS map. Never run it by hand. |
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rarp(8) -- manipulate the system RARP table
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Rarp manipulates the kernel's RARP table in various ways. The primary options are clearing an address mapping entry and manually setting up one. For debugging purposes, the rarp program also allows a... |
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raw(8) -- bind a Linux raw character device
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raw is used to bind a Linux raw character device to a block device. Any block device may be used: at the time of binding, the device driver does not even have to be accessible (it may be loaded on dem... |
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reboot(8) --
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resize2fs(8) -- ext2 file system resizer
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The resize2fs program will resize ext2 file systems. It can be used to enlarge or shrink an ext2 file system located on device so that it will have size blocks. If the size parameter is not specified,... |
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resolv+(8) -- enhanced DNS resolver library
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Resolv+ is a modified version of the standard Berkeley BIND host resolver library. Enhancements include support for host lookups via the Internet Domain Name System (DNS), the /etc/hosts file, and Sun... |
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revnetgroup(8) -- generate reverse netgroup data
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revnetgroup processes the contents of a netgroup file into a reverse netgroup form. |
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rmail(8) --
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rmmod(8) -- unload loadable modules
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rmmod unloads loadable modules from the running kernel. rmmod tries to unload a set of modules from the kernel, with the restriction that they are not in use and that they are not referred to by other... |
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rmt(8) -- remote magtape protocol module
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Rmt is a program used by tar, cpio, mt, and the remote dump and restore programs in manipulating a magnetic tape drive through an interprocess communication connection. Rmt is normally started up with... |
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route(8) -- show / manipulate the IP routing table
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Route manipulates the kernel's IP routing tables. Its primary use is to set up static routes to specific hosts or networks via an interface after it has been configured with the ifconfig(8) program. ... |
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rpc.rusersd(8) -- logged in users server
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rpc.rusersd is a server which returns information about users currently logged in to the system. The currently logged in users are queried using the rusers(1) command. The rpc.rusersd daemon is normal... |
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rpc.yppasswdd(8) -- NIS password update daemon
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rpc.yppasswdd is the RPC server that lets users change their passwords in the presence of NIS (a.k.a. YP). It must be run on the NIS master server for that NIS domain. When a yppasswd(1) client contac... |
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rpc.ypxfrd(8) -- NIS map transfer server
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rpc.ypxfrd is used for speed up the transfer of very large NIS maps from a NIS master to the NIS slave server. If a NIS slave server receives a message, that there is a new map, it will start ypxfr fo... |
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rpcinfo(8) -- report RPC information
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rpcinfo makes an RPC call to an RPC server and reports what it finds. |
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rsmtp(8) --
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run-parts(8) -- run scripts or programs in a directory
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run-parts runs a number of scripts or programs found in a single directory directory. Filenames should consist entirely of upper and lower case letters, digits, underscores, and hyphens. Subdirectorie... |
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runlevel(8) -- find the current and previous system runlevel.
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Runlevel reads the system utmp file (typically /var/run/utmp) to locate the runlevel record, and then prints the previous and current system runlevel on its standard output, separated by a single spac... |
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runq(8) --
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safe_finger(8) -- finger client wrapper that protects against nasty stuff from finger servers
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The safe_finger command protects against nasty stuff from finger servers. Use this program for automatic reverse finger probes from the tcp_wrapper (tcpd) , not the raw finger command. The safe_finger... |
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savelog(8) -- save a log file
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The savelog command saves and optionally compresses old copies of files. Older versions of file are named: file. where is the version number, 0 being the newest. Vers... |
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sendmail(8) --
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setkeycodes(8) -- load kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries
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The setkeycodes command reads its arguments two at a time, each pair of arguments consisting of a scancode (given in hexadecimal) and a keycode (given in decimal). For each such pair, it tells the ker... |
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setsid(8) -- run a program in a new session
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setsid runs a program in a new session. |
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sfdisk(8) -- Partition table manipulator for Linux
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sfdisk has four (main) uses: list the size of a partition, list the partitions on a device, check the partitions on a device, and - very dangerous - repartition a device. List Sizes [Toc] [Back]... |
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shadowconfig(8) -- toggle shadow passwords on and off
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shadowconfig on will turn shadow passwords on; shadowconfig off will turn shadow passwords off. shadowconfig will print an error message and exit with a nonzero code if it finds anything awry. If that... |
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shutdown(8) -- bring the system down
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shutdown brings the system down in a secure way. All logged-in users are notified that the system is going down, and login(1) is blocked. It is possible to shut the system down immediately or after a ... |
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slattach(8) -- attach a network interface to a serial line
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Slattach is a tiny little program that can be used to put a normal terminal ("serial") line into one of several "network" modes, thus allowing you to use it for point-to-point links to other compu... |
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start-stop-daemon(8) -- start and stop system daemon programs
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start-stop-daemon is used to control the creation and termination of system-level processes. Using the --exec, --pidfile, --user, and --name options, start-stop-daemon can be configured to find existi... |
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sulogin(8) -- Single-user login
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sulogin is invoked by init(8) when the system goes into single user mode (this is done through an entry in inittab(5)). Init also tries to execute sulogin when it is passed the -b flag from the bootmo... |
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swapoff(8) --
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swapon(8) -- enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping
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Swapon is used to specify devices on which paging and swapping are to take place. Calls to swapon normally occur in the system multi-user initialization file /etc/rc making all swap devices available,... |
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sysctl(8) -- configure kernel parameters at runtime
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sysctl is used to modify kernel parameters at runtime. The parameters available are those listed under /proc/sys/. Procfs is required for sysctl(8) support in Linux. You can use sysctl(8) to both read... |
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sysklogd(8) -- Linux system logging utilities.
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Sysklogd provides two system utilities which provide support for system logging and kernel message trapping. Support of both internet and unix domain sockets enables this utility package to support bo... |
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syslog-facility(8) -- Setup and remove LOCALx facility for sysklogd
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syslog-facility can be used to setup a syslog facility and to remove it. The primary use of this perl script is to allow packages to automatically setup (and remove) a LOCALx facility. With the first ... |
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syslogd(8) --
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syslogd-listfiles(8) -- list system logfiles
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Sysklogd provides a modern mechanism to log system messages. This mechanism is controlled by the file /etc/syslog.conf. Messages are divided into logfiles which can grow quite big. Therefore the logfi... |
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tasksel(8) -- a user interface for installing tasks
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tasksel shows all available tasks and allows to user to select ones to install |
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tcpd(8) -- access control facility for internet services
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The tcpd program can be set up to monitor incoming requests for telnet, finger, ftp, exec, rsh, rlogin, tftp, talk, comsat and other services that have a one-to-one mapping onto executable files. The ... |
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tcpdchk(8) -- tcp wrapper configuration checker
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tcpdchk examines your tcp wrapper configuration and reports all potential and real problems it can find. The program examines the tcpd access control files (by default, these are /etc/hosts.allow and ... |
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tcpdmatch(8) -- tcp wrapper oracle
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tcpdmatch predicts how the tcp wrapper would handle a specific request for service. Examples are given below. The program examines the tcpd access control tables (default /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hos... |
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telinit(8) --
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telnetlogin(8) -- login wrapper for telnetd
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telnetlogin is a setuid wrapper that runs login(1). It is meant to be invoked by telnetd(8); the idea is to remove the necessity of running telnetd as root. telnetlogin should be installed mode 4750, ... |
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termwrap(8) -- terminal wrapper
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termwrap is used to execute base-config(8) on newly installed Debian systems. It examines the environment, taking note of locale settings, and what type of console is available, and runs an appropriat... |
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try-from(8) -- test program for the tcp_wrapper
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The try-from command can be called via a remote shell command to find out if the hostname and address are properly recognized by the tcp_wrapper library, if username lookup works, and (SysV only) if t... |
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tune2fs(8) -- adjust tunable filesystem parameters on second extended filesystems
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tune2fs adjusts tunable filesystem parameters on a Linux second extended filesystem. |
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tunelp(8) -- set various parameters for the lp device
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tunelp sets several parameters for the /dev/lp? devices, for better performance (or for any performance at all, if your printer won't work without it...) Without parameters, it tells whether the devi... |
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tzselect(8) -- select a time zone
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The tzselect program asks the user for information about the current location, and outputs the resulting time zone description to standard output. The output is suitable as a value for the TZ environm... |
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tzsetup(8) -- set the local timezone
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This manual page explains how you can use the tzsetup utility to set the local timezone. This is necessary to let your system know about the difference between system time and local time (the time in ... |
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umount(8) -- unmount file systems
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The umount command detaches the file system(s) mentioned from the file hierarchy. A file system is specified by giving the directory where it has been mounted. Giving the special device on which the f... |
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unix_chkpwd(8) -- check the password of the invoking user
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A helper binary for the pam_unix module, unix_chkpwd, is provided to check the user's password when it is stored in a read protected database, such as shadow'd passwords. This binary is very simple ... |
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update-alternatives(8) -- maintain symbolic links determining default commands
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update-alternatives creates, removes, maintains and displays information about the symbolic links comprising the Debian alternatives system. It is possible for several programs fulfilling the same or ... |
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update-fonts-alias(8) -- compile fonts.alias files
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update-fonts-alias assembles a fonts.alias file in an X font directory using one or more alias files found in a subdirectory of /etc/X11/fonts/. It is typically invoked only from the post-installation... |
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update-fonts-dir(8) -- compile fonts.dir files
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update-fonts-dir creates a fonts.dir file in an X font directory by invoking mkfontdir(1) with the appropriate arguments. It is typically invoked only from the post-installation and post-removal scrip... |
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update-fonts-scale(8) -- compile fonts.scale files
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update-fonts-scale assembles a fonts.scale file in an X font directory using one or more scale files found in a subdirectory of /etc/X11/fonts/. It is typically invoked only from the post-installation... |
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update-inetd(8) -- create, remove, enable or disable entry in /etc/inetd.conf
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update-inetd can be used to add, remove, enable or disable entries in the /etc/inetd.conf file (you can specify a different file by using the --file option). After the /etc/inetd.conf file has been ch... |
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update-modules(8) -- (re)generate /etc/modules.conf and /etc/chandev.conf
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update-modules is a simple tool to manage /etc/modules.conf and /etc/chandev.conf for the s390 architecture. The Linux module utilities use one configuration file for all their configuration. This mak... |
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update-passwd(8) -- safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group
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update-passwd handles updates of /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group on running Debian systems. It compares the current files to master copies, distributed in the base-passwd package, and updates ... |
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update-rc.d(8) -- install and remove System-V style init script links
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update-rc.d automatically updates the System V style init script links /etc/rcrunlevel.d/NNname to scripts /etc/init.d/name. These are run by init when changing runlevels and are generally used to sta... |
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update-xpdfrc(8) -- program to generate xpdf's configuration file
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update-xpdfrc is a program used to generate the xpdfrc(5) file used by xpdf. You may edit the file /etc/xpdf/xpdfrc to configure xpdf. However, do not edit the configuration file /etc/xpdfrc directly.... |
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useradd(8) -- Create a new user or update default new user information
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Creating New Users When invoked without the -D option, the useradd command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line and the default values from the system. The new use... |
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userdel(8) -- Delete a user account and related files
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The userdel command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to login. If USERGROUPS_ENAB is set to yes in /etc/login.defs, then userdel will also remove entries in /etc/grou... |
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usermod(8) -- Modify a user account
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The usermod command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line. The options which apply to the usermod command are -c comment The new value of the ... |
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vipw(8) -- edit the password, group, shadow-password, or shadow-group file.
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vipw and vigr will edit the files /etc/passwd and /etc/group, respectively. With the -s flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, /etc/shadow and /etc/gshadow, respectively. The program... |
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vmstat(8) -- Report virtual memory statistics
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vmstat reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and cpu activity. The first report produced gives averages since the last reboot. Additional reports give information on a ... |
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ypbind(8) -- NIS binding process
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ypbind finds the server for NIS domains and maintains the NIS binding information. The client (normaly the NIS routines in the standard C library) could get the information over RPC from ypbind or rea... |
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ypdomainname(8) --
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ypinit(8) -- NIS database install and build program
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ypinit builds the domain subdirectory of /var/yp for the current default domain. After building the domain subdirectory, ypinit builds a complete set of administrative maps for your system and places ... |
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yppasswdd(8) --
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yppoll(8) -- return version and master server of a NIS map
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yppoll |
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yppush(8) -- force propagation of changed NIS databases
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yppush copies updated NIS databases (or maps) from the master NIS server to the slave servers within a NIS domain. It is normally run only on the NIS master by /var/yp/Makefile after the master databa... |
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ypserv(8) -- NIS server
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The Network Information Service (NIS) provides a simple network lookup service consisting of databases and processes. The databases are gdbm files in a directory tree rooted at /var/yp. The ypserv dae... |
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ypset(8) -- bind ypbind to a particular NIS server
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In order to run ypset, ypbind must be initiated with the -ypset or -ypsetme options. See ypbind(8). ypset tells ypbind to get NIS services for the specified domain from the ypserv(8) process running o... |
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ypxfr(8) -- transfer NIS database from remote server to local host
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ypxfr copies an NIS database from one NIS server to the local host by using the NIS service. ypxfr is generally invoked by ypinit or by ypserv, when ypserv receives a map transfer request from yppush.... |
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ypxfrd(8) --
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zic(8) -- time zone compiler
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Zic reads text from the file(s) named on the command line and creates the time conversion information files specified in this input. If a filename is -, the standard input is read. These options are a... |
