NAME    [Toc]    [Back]

       dd - convert and copy a file

SYNOPSIS    [Toc]    [Back]

       dd [OPTION]...

DESCRIPTION    [Toc]    [Back]

       Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the options.

       bs=BYTES
	      force ibs=BYTES and obs=BYTES

       cbs=BYTES
	      convert BYTES bytes at a time

       conv=KEYWORDS
	      convert the file as per the comma separated keyword list

       count=BLOCKS
	      copy only BLOCKS input blocks

       ibs=BYTES
	      read BYTES bytes at a time

       if=FILE
	      read from FILE instead of stdin

       obs=BYTES
	      write BYTES bytes at a time

       of=FILE
	      write to FILE instead of stdout

       seek=BLOCKS
	      skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output

       skip=BLOCKS
	      skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
	      output version information and exit

       BLOCKS  and  BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
 xM M, c 1, w 2,  b  512,	kD  1000,  k  1024,  MD  1,000,000,  M
       1,048,576, GD 1,000,000,000, G 1,073,741,824, and so on for T, P, E, Z,
       Y.  Each KEYWORD may be:

       ascii  from EBCDIC to ASCII

       ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC

       ibm    from ASCII to alternated EBCDIC

       block  pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size

       unblock
	      replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline

       lcase  change upper case to lower case

       notrunc
	      do not truncate the output file

       ucase  change lower case to upper case

       swab   swap every pair of input bytes

       noerror
	      continue after read errors

       sync   pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used

	      with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs

AUTHOR    [Toc]    [Back]

       Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, and Stuart Kemp.

REPORTING BUGS    [Toc]    [Back]

       Report bugs to <bug-fileutils@gnu.org>.

COPYRIGHT    [Toc]    [Back]

       Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is
       NO  warranty;  not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
       PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO    [Toc]    [Back]

       The full documentation for dd is maintained as a  Texinfo  manual.   If
       the  info and dd programs are properly installed at your site, the command


	      info dd

       should give you access to the complete manual.



dd (fileutils) 4.1		  March 2002				 DD(1)