|
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abort(3) -- cause abnormal program termination
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The abort() function causes abnormal program termination unless the signal SIGABRT is caught and the signal handler does not return. If the abort() function causes program termination, all open stream... |
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abs(3) -- compute the absolute value of an integer.
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|
The abs() function computes the absolute value of the integer argument j. The labs(), llabs() and imaxabs() functions compute the absolute value of the argument j of the appropriate integer type for t... |
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acos(3) -- arc cosine function
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|
The acos() function calculates the arc cosine of x; that is the value whose cosine is x. If x falls outside the range -1 to 1, acos() fails and errno is set. |
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acosh(3) -- inverse hyperbolic cosine function
|
|
The acosh() function calculates the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x; that is the value whose hyperbolic cosine is x. If x is less than 1.0, acosh() returns not-a-number (NaN) and errno is set. |
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alloca(3) -- memory allocator
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|
The alloca function allocates size bytes of space in the stack frame of the caller. This temporary space is automatically freed on return. |
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asin(3) -- arc sine function
|
|
The asin() function calculates the arc sine of x; that is the value whose sine is x. If x falls outside the range -1 to 1, asin() fails and errno is set. |
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asinh(3) -- inverse hyperbolic sine function
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|
The asinh() function calculates the inverse hyperbolic sine of x; that is the value whose hyperbolic sine is x. |
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assert(3) -- Abort the program if assertion is false.
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|
assert() prints an error message to standard output and terminates the program by calling abort() if expression is false (i.e., compares equal to zero). This only happens when the macro NDEBUG was und... |
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atan(3) -- arc tangent function
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|
The atan() function calculates the arc tangent of x; that is the value whose tangent is x. |
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atan2(3) -- arc tangent function of two variables
|
|
The atan2() function calculates the arc tangent of the two variables x and y. It is similar to calculating the arc tangent of y / x, except that the signs of both arguments are used to determine the q... |
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atanh(3) -- inverse hyperbolic tangent function
|
|
The atanh() function calculates the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x; that is the value whose hyperbolic tangent is x. If the absolute value of x is greater than 1.0, acosh() returns not-a-number (NaN)... |
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atexit(3) -- register a function to be called at normal program termination.
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|
The atexit() function registers the given function to be called at normal program termination, whether via exit(3) or via return from the program's main. Functions so registered are called in the rev... |
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atof(3) -- convert a string to a double.
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|
The atof() function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to double. The behaviour is the same as strtod(nptr, (char **)NULL); except that atof() does not detect errors. |
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atoi(3) -- convert a string to an integer.
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|
The atoi() function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to int. The behaviour is the same as strtol(nptr, (char **)NULL, 10); except that atoi() does not detect errors. The a... |
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barchart(3) -- Bar chart for plotting X-Y coordinate data.
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|
The barchart command creates a bar chart for plotting two-dimensional data (X-Y coordinates). A bar chart is a graphic means of comparing numbers by displaying bars of lengths proportional to the y-co... |
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basename(3) -- Parse pathname components
|
|
dirname and basename break a null-terminated pathname string into directory and filename components. In the usual case, dirname returns the string up to, but not including, the final '/', and basena... |
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bcmp(3) -- compare byte strings
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|
The bcmp() function compares the first n bytes of the strings s1 and s2. If the two strings are equal, bcmp() returns 0, otherwise it returns a non-zero result. If n is zero, the two strings are assum... |
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bcopy(3) -- copy byte strings
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|
The bcopy() function copies the first n bytes of the source string src to the destination string dest. If n is zero, no bytes are copied. |
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beep(3) -- curses bell and screen flash routines
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|
The beep and flash routines are used to alert the terminal user. The routine beep sounds an audible alarm on the terminal, if possible; otherwise it flashes the screen (visible bell). The routine flas... |
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bgexec(3) -- Run programs in the background while handling Tk events.
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|
The bgexec command executes programs in the background, allowing Tk to handle events. A global Tcl variable varName is set when the program has completed. |
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bindresvport(3) -- bind a socket to a privileged IP port
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|
bindresvport() is used to bind a socket descriptor to a privileged IP port, that is, a port number in the range 0-1023. The routine returns 0 if it is successful, otherwise -1 is returned and errno se... |
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bindtextdomain(3) -- set directory containing message catalogs
|
|
The bindtextdomain function sets the base directory of the hierarchy containing message catalogs for a given message domain. A message domain is a set of translatable msgid messages. Usually, every so... |
|
bind_textdomain_codeset(3) -- set encoding of message translations
|
|
The bind_textdomain_codeset function sets the output codeset for message catalogs for domain domainname. A message domain is a set of translatable msgid messages. Usually, every software package has i... |
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bitmap(3) -- Define a new bitmap from a Tcl script
|
|
The bitmap command lets you define new bitmaps. The bitmap can be specified as a list of data or a text string which is converted into a bitmap. You can arbitrarily scale or rotate the bitmap too. |
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BLT(3) -- Introduction to the BLT library ____________________________________________________________________...
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BLT is a library of extensions to the Tk library. It adds new commands and variables to the application's interpreter. |
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bltdebug(3) -- print Tcl commands before execution
|
|
The bltdebug command is a simple tracing facility for Tcl commands. Each command line is printed before it is executed on standard error. The output consists of the command line both before and after ... |
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bsearch(3) -- binary search of a sorted array.
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|
The bsearch() function searches an array of nmemb objects, the initial member of which is pointed to by base, for a member that matches the object pointed to by key. The size of each member of the arr... |
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bstring(3) -- byte string operations
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|
The byte string functions perform operations on strings that are not NULL-terminated. See the individual man pages for descriptions of each function. |
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btowc(3) -- convert single byte to wide character
|
|
The btowc function converts c, interpreted as a multibyte sequence of length 1, starting in the initial shift state, to a wide character and returns it. If c is EOF or not a valid multibyte sequence o... |
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btree(3) -- btree database access method
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|
The routine dbopen is the library interface to database files. One of the supported file formats is btree files. The general description of the database access methods is in dbopen(3), this manual pag... |
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busy(3) -- Make Tk widgets busy, temporarily blocking user interactions.
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|
The busy command provides a simple means to block keyboard, button, and pointer events from Tk widgets, while overriding the widget's cursor with a configurable busy cursor. |
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byteorder(3) -- convert values between host and network byte order
|
|
The htonl() function converts the long integer hostlong from host byte order to network byte order. The htons() function converts the short integer hostshort from host byte order to network byte order... |
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bzero(3) -- write zeros to a byte string
|
|
The bzero() function sets the first n bytes of the byte string s to zero. |
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catgets(3) -- get message from a message catalog
|
|
catgets() reads the message message_number, in set set_number, from the message catalog identified by catalog, where catalog is a catalog descriptor returned from an earlier call to catopen(3). The fo... |
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catopen(3) -- open/close a message catalog
|
|
catopen() opens a message catalog and returns a catalog descriptor. name specifies the name of the message catalog to be opened. If name specifies and absolute path, (i.e. contains a `/') then name s... |
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cbrt(3) -- cube root function
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|
The cbrt() function returns the cube root of x. This function cannot fail; every representable real value has a representable real cube root. |
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ceil(3) -- ceiling function: smallest integral value not less than argument
|
|
These functions round x up to the nearest integer. |
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clock(3) -- Determine processor time
|
|
The clock() function returns an approximation of processor time used by the program. |
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closedir(3) -- close a directory
|
|
The closedir() function closes the directory stream associated with dir. The directory stream descriptor dir is not available after this call. |
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cmsg(3) -- Access ancillary data.
|
|
These macros are used to create and access control messages (also called ancillary data) that are not a part of the socket payload. This control information may include the interface the packet was re... |
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confstr(3) -- get configuration dependent string variables
|
|
confstr() gets the value of configuration - dependent string variables. The name argument is the system variable to be queried. The following variables are supported: _CS_PATH A value for the PATH var... |
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copysign(3) -- copy sign of a number
|
|
The copysign() function returns a value whose absolute value matches x, but whose sign matches that of y. |
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cos(3) -- cosine function
|
|
The cos() function returns the cosine of x, where x is given in radians. |
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cosh(3) -- hyperbolic cosine function
|
|
The cosh() function returns the hyperbolic cosine of x, which is defined mathematically as (exp(x) + exp(-x)) / 2. |
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crypt(3) -- password and data encryption
|
|
crypt provides acess to two algorithms for password encryption. One it's based on the Data Encryption Standard algorithm with variations intended (among other things) to discourage use of hardware im... |
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ctermid(3) -- get controlling terminal name
|
|
ctermid() returns a string which is the pathname for the current controlling terminal for this process. If s is NULL, a static buffer is used, otherwise s points to a buffer used to hold the terminal ... |
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ctime(3) -- transform binary date and time to ASCII
|
|
The ctime(), gmtime() and localtime() functions all take an argument of data type time_t which represents calendar time. When interpreted as an absolute time value, it represents the number of seconds... |
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cutbuffer(3) -- Manipulate X cut buffer properties
|
|
The cutbuffer command allows you to read or modify the eight X cut buffer properties. You can also rotate the buffers properties. |
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daemon(3) -- run in the background
|
|
The daemon() function is for programs wishing to detach themselves from the controlling terminal and run in the background as system daemons. Unless the argument nochdir is non-zero, daemon() changes ... |
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dbopen(3) -- database access methods
|
|
Dbopen is the library interface to database files. The supported file formats are btree, hashed and UNIX file oriented. The btree format is a representation of a sorted, balanced tree structure. The h... |
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dcgettext(3) --
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dcngettext(3) --
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dgettext(3) --
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difftime(3) -- calculate time difference
|
|
The difftime() function returns the number of seconds elapsed between time time1 and time time0. The two times are specified in calendar time, which represents the time elapsed since 00:00:00 on Janua... |
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div(3) -- computes the quotient and remainder of integer division
|
|
The div() function computes the value numer/denom and returns the quotient and remainder in a structure named div_t that contains two integer members named quot and rem. |
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dlopen(3) -- Programming interface to dynamic linking loader.
|
|
dlopen loads a dynamic library from the file named by the null terminated string filename and returns an opaque "handle" for the dynamic library. If filename is not an absolute path (i.e., it does n... |
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dngettext(3) --
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|
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dragdrop(3) -- facilities for handling drag&drop data transfers
|
|
The drag&drop command provides access to a set of facilities for managing drag-and-drop data transfers. Any of the usual Tk widgets can be registered to participate in the drag-and-drop process. Widge... |
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drand48(3) -- generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers
|
|
These functions generate pseudo-random numbers using the linear congruential algorithm and 48-bit integer arithmetic. The drand48() and erand48() functions return non-negative double-precision floatin... |
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drem(3) -- floating-point remainder function
|
|
The drem() function computes the remainder of dividing x by y. The return value is x - n * y, where n is the quotient of x / y, rounded to the nearest integer. If the quotient is 1/2, it is rounded to... |
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ecvt(3) -- convert a floating-point number to a string.
|
|
The ecvt() function converts number to a null-terminated string of ndigits digits (where ndigits is reduced to an system-specific limit determined by the precision of a double), and returns a pointer ... |
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encrypt(3) -- Encrypt 64 bits messages
|
|
These functions encrypt and decrypt 64 bit messages. The setkey() function sets the key used by encrypt(). The key parameter used here is an array of bytes, having each byte the numerical value 1 or 0... |
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eps(3) -- Encapsulated PostScript canvas item.
|
|
The eps canvas item lets you place encapulated PostScript (EPS) on a canvas, controlling its size and placement. The EPS item is displayed either as a solid rectangle or a preview image. The preview i... |
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erf(3) -- error function and complementary error function
|
|
The erf() function returns the error function of x; defined as erf(x) = 2/sqrt(pi)* integral from 0 to x of exp(-t*t) dt The erfc() function returns the complementary error function of x, that is 1.0 ... |
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errno(3) -- number of last error
|
|
The integer errno is set by system calls (and some library functions) to indicate what went wrong. Its value is significant only when the call returned an error (usually -1), and a library function th... |
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exec(3) -- execute a file
|
|
The exec family of functions replaces the current process image with a new process image. The functions described in this manual page are front-ends for the function execve(2). (See the manual page fo... |
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exit(3) -- cause normal program termination
|
|
The exit() function causes normal program termination and the value of status is returned to the parent. All functions registered with atexit() and on_exit() are called in the reverse order of their r... |
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exp(3) -- exponential, logarithmic and power functions
|
|
The exp() function returns the value of e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to the power of x. The log() function returns the natural logarithm of x. The log10() function returns the base-10 log... |
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expm1(3) -- exponential minus 1, logarithm of 1 plus argument
|
|
expm1(x) returns a value equivalent to `exp (x) - 1'. It is computed in a way that is accurate even if the value of x is near zero--a case where `exp (x) - 1' would be inaccurate due to subtraction ... |
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fabs(3) -- absolute value of floating-point number
|
|
The fabs functions return the absolute value of the floating-point number x. |
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fclose(3) -- close a stream
|
|
The fclose function dissociates the named stream from its underlying file or set of functions. If the stream was being used for output, any buffered data is written first, using fflush(3). |
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fcloseall(3) -- close all open streams
|
|
The fcloseall function dissociates all open streams from its underlying file or set of functions. Any buffered output data is written first, using fflush(3). Note that the standard streams (stdin, std... |
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fenv(3) -- C99 floating point rounding and exception handling
|
|
These eleven functions were defined in C99, and describe the handling of floating point rounding and exceptions (overflow, zero-divide etc.). Exceptions [Toc] [Back] The DivideByZero exception o... |
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ferror(3) -- check and reset stream status
|
|
The function clearerr clears the end-of-file and error indicators for the stream pointed to by stream. The function feof tests the end-of-file indicator for the stream pointed to by stream, returning ... |
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fflush(3) -- flush a stream
|
|
The function fflush forces a write of all user-space buffered data for the given output or update stream via the stream's underlying write function. The open status of the stream is unaffected. If th... |
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ffs(3) -- find first bit set in a word
|
|
The ffs() function returns the position of the first bit set in the word i. The least significant bit is position 1 and the most significant position 32. |
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fgetgrent(3) -- get group file entry
|
|
The fgetgrent() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the group information from the file stream. The first time it is called it returns the first entry; thereafter, it returns successi... |
|
fgetpwent(3) -- get password file entry
|
|
The fgetpwent() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the broken out fields of a line in the file stream. The first time it is called it returns the first entry; thereafter, it returns ... |
|
fgetwc(3) -- read a wide character from a FILE stream
|
|
The fgetwc function is the wide-character equivalent of the fgetc function. It reads a wide character from stream and returns it. If the end of stream is reached, or if ferror(stream) becomes true, it... |
|
fgetws(3) -- read a wide character string from a FILE stream
|
|
The fgetws function is the wide-character equivalent of the fgets function. It reads a string of at most n-1 wide characters into the widecharacter array pointed to by ws, and adds a terminating L'\... |
|
floor(3) -- largest integral value not greater than argument
|
|
These functions round x down to the nearest integer. |
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fmod(3) -- floating-point remainder function
|
|
The fmod() function computes the remainder of dividing x by y. The return value is x - n * y, where n is the quotient of x / y, rounded towards zero to an integer. |
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fnmatch(3) -- match filename or pathname
|
|
The fnmatch() function checks whether the string argument matches the pattern argument, which is a shell wildcard pattern. The flags argument modifies the behaviour; it is the bitwise OR of zero or mo... |
|
fopen(3) -- stream open functions
|
|
The fopen function opens the file whose name is the string pointed to by path and associates a stream with it. The argument mode points to a string beginning with one of the following sequences (Addit... |
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fpathconf(3) -- get configuration values for files
|
|
fpathconf() gets a value for the configuration option name for the open file descriptor filedes. pathconf() gets a value for configuration option name for the file name path. The corresponding macros ... |
|
fputwc(3) -- write a wide character to a FILE stream
|
|
The fputwc function is the wide-character equivalent of the fputc function. It writes the wide character wc to stream. If ferror(stream) becomes true, it returns WEOF. If a wide character conversion e... |
|
fputws(3) -- write a wide character string to a FILE stream
|
|
The fputws function is the wide-character equivalent of the fputs function. It writes the wide character string starting at ws, up to but not including the terminating L'\0' character, to stream. |
|
fread(3) -- binary stream input/output
|
|
The function fread reads nmemb elements of data, each size bytes long, from the stream pointed to by stream, storing them at the location given by ptr. The function fwrite writes nmemb elements of dat... |
|
frexp(3) -- convert floating-point number to fractional and integral components
|
|
The frexp() function is used to split the number x into a normalized fraction and an exponent which is stored in exp. |
|
fseek(3) -- reposition a stream
|
|
The fseek function sets the file position indicator for the stream pointed to by stream. The new position, measured in bytes, is obtained by adding offset bytes to the position specified by whence. If... |
|
ftime(3) -- return date and time
|
|
Return current date and time in tp, which is declared as following: struct timeb { time_t time; unsigned short millitm; short timezone; short dstflag; }; The structure contains the time since the epoc... |
|
ftok(3) -- convert a pathname and a project identifier to a System V IPC key
|
|
The function converts the pathname of an existing accessible file and a project identifier into a key_t type System V IPC key. |
|
fts(3) -- traverse a file hierarchy
|
|
The fts functions are provided for traversing UNIX file hierarchies. A simple overview is that the fts_open() function returns a ``handle'' on a file hierarchy, which is then supplied to the other f... |
|
ftw(3) -- file tree walk
|
|
ftw() walks through the directory tree starting from the indicated directory dir. For each found entry in the tree, it calls fn() with the full pathname of the entry, a pointer to the stat(2) structur... |
|
fwide(3) -- set and determine the orientation of a FILE stream
|
|
When mode is zero, the fwide function determines the current orientation of stream. It returns a value > 0 if stream is wide-character oriented, i.e. if wide character I/O is permitted but char I/O is... |
|
gcvt(3) -- convert a floating-point number to a string.
|
|
The gcvt() function converts number to a minimal length NULL terminated ASCII string and stores the result in buf. It produces ndigit significant digits in either printf(3) F format or E format. |
|
getaddrinfo(3) -- network address and service translation
|
|
The getaddrinfo(3) function combines the functionality provided by the getipnodebyname(3), getipnodebyaddr(3), getservbyname(3), and get- servbyport(3) functions into a single interface. The thread-sa... |
|
getcwd(3) -- Get current working directory
|
|
The getcwd() function copies an absolute pathname of the current working directory to the array pointed to by buf, which is of length size. If the current absolute path name would require a buffer lon... |
|
getdirentries(3) -- get directory entries in a filesystem independent format
|
|
Read directory entries from the directory specified by fd into buf. At most nbytes are read. Reading starts at offset *basep, and *basep is updated with the new position after reading. |
|
getenv(3) -- get an environment variable
|
|
The getenv() function searches the environment list for a string that matches the string pointed to by name. The strings are of the form name = value. |
|
getgrent(3) -- get group file entry
|
|
The getgrent() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the group information from /etc/group. The first time it is called it returns the first entry; thereafter, it returns successive ent... |
|
getgrnam(3) -- get group file entry
|
|
The getgrnam() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the group information from /etc/group for the entry that matches the group name name. The getgrgid() function returns a pointer to a... |
|
gethostbyname(3) -- get network host entry
|
|
The gethostbyname() function returns a structure of type hostent for the given host name. Here name is either a host name, or an IPv4 address in standard dot notation, or an IPv6 address in colon (and... |
|
getipnodebyname(3) -- get network host names and addresses
|
|
The getipnodebyname(3) and getipnodebyaddr(3) functions return the names and addresses of a network host. These functions return a pointer to the following structure: struct hostent { char *h_name; ch... |
|
getloadavg(3) -- get system load averages
|
|
The getloadavg() function returns the number of processes in the system run queue averaged over various periods of time. Up to nelem samples are retrieved and assigned to successive elements of loadav... |
|
getlogin(3) -- get user name
|
|
getlogin returns a pointer to a string containing the name of the user logged in on the controlling terminal of the process, or a null pointer if this information cannot be determined. The string is s... |
|
getmntent(3) -- get file system descriptor file entry
|
|
These routines are used to access the file system description file /etc/fstab and the mounted file system description file /etc/mtab. The setmntent() function opens the file system description file fi... |
|
getnameinfo(3) -- address-to-name translation in protocol-independent manner
|
|
The getnameinfo(3) function is defined for protocol-independent address-to-nodename translation. It combines the functionality of gethostbyaddr(3) and getservbyport(3) and is the inverse of getad- dri... |
|
getnetent(3) -- get network entry
|
|
The getnetent() function reads the next line from the file /etc/net- works and returns a structure netent containing the broken out fields from the line. The /etc/networks file is opened if necessary.... |
|
getopt(3) -- Parse command line options
|
|
The getopt() function parses the command line arguments. Its arguments argc and argv are the argument count and array as passed to the main() function on program invocation. An element of argv that st... |
|
getpass(3) -- get a password
|
|
This function is obsolete. Do not use it. The getpass() function opens /dev/tty (the controlling terminal of the process), outputs the string prompt, turns off echoing, reads one line (the "password... |
|
getprotoent(3) -- get protocol entry
|
|
The getprotoent() function reads the next line from the file /etc/pro- tocols and returns a structure protoent containing the broken out fields from the line. The /etc/protocols file is opened if nece... |
|
getpw(3) -- Re-construct password line entry
|
|
The getpw() function re-constructs the password line entry for the given user uid uid in the buffer buf. The returned buffer contains a line of format name:passwd:uid:gid:gecos:dir:shell The passwd st... |
|
getpwent(3) -- get password file entry
|
|
The getpwent() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the broken out fields of a line from /etc/passwd. The first time it is called it returns the first entry; thereafter, it returns suc... |
|
getpwnam(3) -- get password file entry
|
|
The getpwnam() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the broken out fields of a line from /etc/passwd for the entry that matches the user name name. The getpwuid() function returns a po... |
|
getrpcent(3) -- get RPC entry
|
|
getrpcent(), getrpcbyname(), and getrpcbynumber() each return a pointer to an object with the following structure containing the broken-out fields of a line in the rpc program number data base, /etc/r... |
|
getrpcport(3) -- get RPC port number
|
|
getrpcport() returns the port number for version versnum of the RPC program prognum running on host and using protocol proto. It returns 0 if it cannot contact the portmapper, or if prognum is not reg... |
|
gets(3) -- input of characters and strings
|
|
fgetc() reads the next character from stream and returns it as an unsigned char cast to an int, or EOF on end of file or error. getc() is equivalent to fgetc() except that it may be implemented as a m... |
|
getservent(3) -- get service entry
|
|
The getservent() function reads the next line from the file /etc/ser- vices and returns a structure servent containing the broken out fields from the line. The /etc/services file is opened if necessar... |
|
gettext(3) -- translate message
|
|
The gettext, dgettext and dcgettext functions attempt to translate a text string into the user's native language, by looking up the translation in a message catalog. The msgid argument identifies the... |
|
getusershell(3) -- get legal user shells
|
|
The getusershell() function returns the next line from the file /etc/shells, opening the file if necessary. The line should contain the pathname of a valid user shell. If /etc/shells does not exist or... |
|
getutent(3) -- access utmp file entries
|
|
utmpname() sets the name of the utmp-format file for the other utmp functions to access. If utmpname() is not used to set the filename before the other functions are used, they assume _PATH_UTMP, as d... |
|
getw(3) -- input and output of words (ints)
|
|
getw reads a word (that is, an int) from stream. It's provided for compatibility with SVID. We recommend you use fread(3) instead. putw writes the word w (that is, an int) to stream. It is provided f... |
|
getwchar(3) -- read a wide character from standard input
|
|
The getwchar function is the wide-character equivalent of the getchar function. It reads a wide character from stdin and returns it. If the end of stream is reached, or if ferror(stdin) becomes true, ... |
|
glob(3) -- generate pathnames matching a pattern
|
|
The glob() function is a pathname generator that implements the rules for file name pattern matching used by the shell. The include file glob.h defines the structure type glob_t, which contains at lea... |
|
graph(3) -- 2D graph for plotting X-Y coordinate data.
|
|
The graph command creates a graph for plotting two-dimensional data (X-Y coordinates). It has many configurable components: coordinate axes, elements, legend, grid lines, cross hairs, etc. They allow ... |
|
hash(3) -- hash database access method
|
|
The routine dbopen is the library interface to database files. One of the supported file formats is hash files. The general description of the database access methods is in dbopen(3), this manual page... |
|
hierbox(3) -- Create and manipulate hierarchical listbox widgets _________________________________________________...
|
|
The hiertable widget that displays a hierarchy of entries, drawn one per line. The hierarchy is a general ordered tree of entries. Each entry contains a list of subentries which in turn can contain th... |
|
hiertable(3) -- Create and manipulate hierarchical table widgets ___________________________________________________...
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|
The hiertable widget displays a scrollable tree of entries, one entry per line. Each entry has a text label, an icon, and may have children (sub-entries). A button on the left side of the entry contro... |
|
hsearch(3) -- hash table management
|
|
These three functions allow the user to create a hash table which associates a key with any data. First the table must be created with the function hcreate(). nel is an estimate of the number of entri... |
|
htext(3) -- Create and manipulate hypertext widgets
|
|
The htext command creates a new window (given by the pathName argument) and makes it into a htext widget. Additional options, described above, may be specified on the command line or in the option dat... |
|
hypot(3) -- Euclidean distance function
|
|
The hypot() function returns the sqrt(x*x + y*y). This is the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angle triangle with sides of length x and y, or the distance of the point (x, y) from the origin. |
|
iconv(3) -- perform character set conversion
|
|
The argument cd must be a conversion descriptor created using the function iconv_open. The main case is when inbuf is not NULL and *inbuf is not NULL. In this case, the iconv function converts the mul... |
|
iconv_close(3) -- deallocate descriptor for character set conversion
|
|
The iconv_close function deallocates a conversion descriptor cd previously allocated using iconv_open. |
|
iconv_open(3) -- allocate descriptor for character set conversion
|
|
The iconv_open function allocates a conversion descriptor suitable for converting byte sequences from character encoding fromcode to character encoding tocode. The values permitted for fromcode and to... |
|
index(3) -- locate character in string
|
|
The index() function returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character c in the string s. The rindex() function returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character c in the string s. Th... |
|
inet(3) -- Internet address manipulation routines
|
|
inet_aton() converts the Internet host address cp from the standard numbers-and-dots notation into binary data and stores it in the structure that inp points to. inet_aton returns nonzero if the addre... |
|
inet_ntop(3) -- Parse network address structures
|
|
This function converts the network address structure src in the af address family into a character string, which is copied to a character buffer dst, which is cnt bytes long. inet_ntop(3) extends the ... |
|
inet_pton(3) -- Create a network address structure
|
|
This function converts the character string src into a network address structure in the af address family, then copies the network address structure to dst. inet_pton(3) extends the inet_addr(3) funct... |
|
initgroups(3) -- initialize the supplementary group access list
|
|
The initgroups() function initializes the group access list by reading the group database /etc/group and using all groups of which user is a member. The additional group group is also added to the lis... |
|
insque(3) -- insert/remove an item from a queue
|
|
insque() and remque() are functions for manipulating queues made from doubly-linked lists. Each element in this list is of type struct qelem The qelem structure is defined as struct qelem { struct qel... |
|
intro(3) -- Introduction to library functions
|
|
This chapter describes all library functions excluding the library functions described in chapter 2, which implement system calls. There are various function groups which can be identified by a letter... |
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isalpha(3) -- character classification routines
|
|
These functions check whether c, which must have the value of an unsigned char or EOF, falls into a certain character class according to the current locale. isalnum() checks for an alphanumeric charac... |
|
isatty(3) -- does this descriptor refer to a terminal
|
|
returns 1 if desc is an open descriptor connected to a terminal and 0 else. |
|
isinf(3) -- test for infinity or not-a-number (NaN)
|
|
The isinf() function returns -1 if value represents negative infinity, 1 if value represents positive infinity, and 0 otherwise. The isnan() function returns a non-zero value if value is "not-a-numbe... |
|
iswalnum(3) -- test for alphanumeric wide character
|
|
The iswalnum function is the wide-character equivalent of the isalnum function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "alnum". The wide character class "alnu... |
|
iswalpha(3) -- test for alphabetic wide character
|
|
The iswalpha function is the wide-character equivalent of the isalpha function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "alpha". The wide character class "alph... |
|
iswblank(3) -- test for whitespace wide character
|
|
The iswblank function is the wide-character equivalent of the isblank function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "blank". The wide character class "blan... |
|
iswcntrl(3) -- test for control wide character
|
|
The iswcntrl function is the wide-character equivalent of the iscntrl function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "cntrl". The wide character class "cntr... |
|
iswctype(3) -- wide character classification
|
|
If wc is a wide character having the character property designated by desc (or in other words: belongs to the character class designated by desc), the iswctype function returns non-zero. Otherwise it ... |
|
iswdigit(3) -- test for decimal digit wide character
|
|
The iswdigit function is the wide-character equivalent of the isdigit function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "digit". The wide character class "digi... |
|
iswgraph(3) -- test for graphic wide character
|
|
The iswgraph function is the wide-character equivalent of the isgraph function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "graph". The wide character class "grap... |
|
iswlower(3) -- test for lowercase wide character
|
|
The iswlower function is the wide-character equivalent of the islower function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "lower". The wide character class "lowe... |
|
iswprint(3) -- test for printing wide character
|
|
The iswprint function is the wide-character equivalent of the isprint function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "print". The wide character class "prin... |
|
iswpunct(3) -- test for punctuation or symbolic wide character
|
|
The iswpunct function is the wide-character equivalent of the ispunct function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "punct". The wide character class "punc... |
|
iswspace(3) -- test for whitespace wide character
|
|
The iswspace function is the wide-character equivalent of the isspace function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "space". The wide character class "spac... |
|
iswupper(3) -- test for uppercase wide character
|
|
The iswupper function is the wide-character equivalent of the isupper function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "upper". The wide character class "uppe... |
|
iswxdigit(3) -- test for hexadecimal digit wide character
|
|
The iswxdigit function is the wide-character equivalent of the isxdigit function. It tests whether wc is a wide character belonging to the wide character class "xdigit". The wide character class "x... |
|
j0(3) -- Bessel functions
|
|
The j0() and j1() functions return Bessel functions of x of the first kind of orders 0 and 1, respectively. The jn() function returns the Bessel function of x of the first kind of order n. The y0() an... |
|
killpg(3) -- send signal to all members of a process group.
|
|
The killpg() function causes signal signal to be sent to all the processes in the process group pidgrp or to the processes' own process group if pidgrp is equal to zero. It is equivalent to kill(-pid... |
|
ldexp(3) -- multiply floating-point number by integral power of 2
|
|
The ldexp() function returns the result of multiplying the floatingpoint number x by 2 raised to the power exp. |
|
ldiv(3) -- computes the quotient and remainder of long integer division.
|
|
The ldiv() function computes the value numer/denom and returns the quotient and remainder in a structure named ldiv_t that contains two long integer members named quot and rem. |
|
lgamma(3) -- log gamma function
|
|
The lgamma() function returns the log of the absolute value of the Gamma function. The sign of the Gamma function is returned in the external integer signgam. For negative integer values of x, lgamma(... |
|
localeconv(3) -- get numeric formatting information
|
|
The localeconv() function returns a pointer to a struct lconv for the current locale. This structure is defined in the header-file locale.h and contains all values associated with the locale categorie... |
|
lockf(3) -- apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file
|
|
Apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file. The file is specified by fd. This call is just an interface for fcntl(2). Valid operations are given below: F_LOCK Set an exclusive lock to the file... |
|
longjmp(3) -- non-local jump to a saved stack context
|
|
longjmp() and setjmp() are useful for dealing with errors and interrupts encountered in a low-level subroutine of a program. longjmp() restores the environment saved by the last call of setjmp() with ... |
|
lrint(3) -- round to nearest integer
|
|
These functions round their argument to the nearest integer value, using the current rounding direction. If x is infinite or NaN, or if the rounded value is outside the range of the return type, the n... |
|
lround(3) -- round to nearest integer, away from zero
|
|
These functions round their argument to the nearest integer value, rounding away from zero, regardless of the current rounding direction. If x is infinite or NaN, or if the rounded value is outside th... |
|
lsearch(3) -- linear search of an array.
|
|
lfind() and lsearch() perform a linear search for key in the array base which has *nmemb elements of size bytes each. The comparison function referenced by compar is expected to have two arguments whi... |
|
malloc(3) -- Allocate and free dynamic memory
|
|
calloc() allocates memory for an array of nmemb elements of size bytes each and returns a pointer to the allocated memory. The memory is set to zero. malloc() allocates size bytes and returns a pointe... |
|
mblen(3) -- determine number of bytes in next multibyte character
|
|
If s is not a NULL pointer, the mblen function inspects at most n bytes of the multibyte string starting at s and extracts the next complete multibyte character. It uses a static anonymous shift state... |
|
mbrlen(3) -- determine number of bytes in next multibyte character
|
|
The mbrlen function inspects at most n bytes of the multibyte string starting at s and extracts the next complete multibyte character. It updates the shift state *ps. If the multibyte character is not... |
|
mbrtowc(3) -- convert a multibyte sequence to a wide character
|
|
The main case for this function is when s is not NULL and pwc is not NULL. In this case, the mbrtowc function inspects at most n bytes of the multibyte string starting at s, extracts the next complete... |
|
mbsinit(3) -- test for initial shift state
|
|
Character conversion between the multibyte representation and the wide character representation uses conversion state, of type mbstate_t. Conversion of a string uses a finite-state machine; when it is... |
|
mbsnrtowcs(3) -- convert a multibyte string to a wide character string
|
|
The mbsnrtowcs function is like the mbsrtowcs function, except that the number of bytes to be converted, starting at *src, is limited to nms. If dest is not a NULL pointer, the mbsnrtowcs function con... |
|
mbsrtowcs(3) -- convert a multibyte string to a wide character string
|
|
If dest is not a NULL pointer, the mbsrtowcs function converts the multibyte string *src to a wide-character string starting at dest. At most len wide characters are written to dest. The shift state *... |
|
mbstowcs(3) -- convert a multibyte string to a wide character string
|
|
If dest is not a NULL pointer, the mbstowcs function converts the multibyte string src to a wide-character string starting at dest. At most n wide characters are written to dest. The conversion starts... |
|
mbtowc(3) -- convert a multibyte sequence to a wide character
|
|
The main case for this function is when s is not NULL and pwc is not NULL. In this case, the mbtowc function inspects at most n bytes of the multibyte string starting at s, extracts the next complete ... |
|
MB_CUR_MAX(3) -- maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale
|
|
The MB_CUR_MAX macro defines an integer expression giving the maximum number of bytes needed to represent a single wide character in the current locale. It is locale dependent and therefore not a comp... |
|
MB_LEN_MAX(3) -- maximum multibyte length of a character across all locales
|
|
The MB_LEN_MAX macro is the upper bound for the number of bytes needed to represent a single wide character, across all locales. |
|
memccpy(3) -- copy memory area
|
|
The memccpy() function copies no more than n bytes from memory area src to memory area dest, stopping when the character c is found. |
|
memchr(3) -- scan memory for a character
|
|
The memchr() function scans the first n bytes of the memory area pointed to by s for the character c. The first byte to match c (interpreted as an unsigned character) stops the operation. |
|
memcmp(3) -- compare memory areas
|
|
The memcmp() function compares the first n bytes of the memory areas s1 and s2. It returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is found, respectively, to be less than, to match,... |
|
memcpy(3) -- copy memory area
|
|
The memcpy() function copies n bytes from memory area src to memory area dest. The memory areas may not overlap. Use memmove(3) if the memory areas do overlap. |
|
memfrob(3) -- frobnicate (encrypt) a memory area
|
|
The memfrob() function encrypts the first n bytes of the memory area s by exclusive-ORing each character with the number 42. The effect can be reversed by using memfrob() on the encrypted memory area.... |
|
memmem(3) -- locate a substring
|
|
The memmem() function finds the start of the first occurrence of the substring needle of length needlelen in the memory area haystack of length haystacklen. |
|
memmove(3) -- copy memory area
|
|
The memmove() function copies n bytes from memory area src to memory area dest. The memory areas may overlap. |
|
memset(3) -- fill memory with a constant byte
|
|
The memset() function fills the first n bytes of the memory area pointed to by s with the constant byte c. |
|
mkfifo(3) -- make a FIFO special file (a named pipe)
|
|
mkfifo makes a FIFO special file with name pathname. mode specifies the FIFO's permissions. It is modified by the process's umask in the usual way: the permissions of the created file are (mode & ~u... |
|
mkstemp(3) -- create a unique temporary file
|
|
The mkstemp() function generates a unique temporary file name from tem- plate. The last six characters of template must be XXXXXX and these are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique. T... |
|
mktemp(3) -- make a unique temporary file name
|
|
The mktemp() function generates a unique temporary file name from tem- plate. The last six characters of template must be XXXXXX and these are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique. Si... |
|
modf(3) -- extract signed integral and fractional values from floatingpoint number
|
|
The modf() function breaks the argument x into an integral part and a fractional part, each of which has the same sign as x. The integral part is stored in iptr. |
|
mpool(3) -- shared memory buffer pool
|
|
Mpool is the library interface intended to provide page oriented buffer management of files. The buffers may be shared between processes. The function mpool_open initializes a memory pool. The key arg... |
|
netlink(3) -- Netlink macros
|
|
netlink.h defines several standard macros to access or create a netlink datagram. They are similar in spirit to the macros defined in cmsg(3) for auxilliary data. The buffer passed to and from a netli... |
|
ngettext(3) -- translate message and choose plural form
|
|
The ngettext, dngettext and dcngettext functions attempt to translate a text string into the user's native language, by looking up the appropriate plural form of the translation in a message catalog.... |
|
nl_langinfo(3) -- query language and locale information
|
|
The nl_langinfo function provides access to locale information in a more flexible way than localeconv(3) does. Individual and additional elements of the locale categories can be queried. Examples for ... |
|
on_exit(3) -- register a function to be called at normal program termination.
|
|
The on_exit() function registers the given function to be called at normal program termination, whether via exit(3) or via return from the program's main. The function is passed the argument to exit(... |
|
opendir(3) -- open a directory
|
|
The opendir() function opens a directory stream corresponding to the directory name, and returns a pointer to the directory stream. The stream is positioned at the first entry in the directory. |
|
perror(3) -- print a system error message
|
|
The routine perror() produces a message on the standard error output, describing the last error encountered during a call to a system or library function. The argument string s is printed first, then ... |
|
popen(3) -- process I/O
|
|
The popen() function opens a process by creating a pipe, forking, and invoking the shell. Since a pipe is by definition unidirectional, the type argument may specify only reading or writing, not both;... |
|
printf(3) -- formatted output conversion
|
|
The functions in the printf family produce output according to a format as described below. The functions printf and vprintf write output to stdout, the standard output stream; fprintf and vfprintf wr... |
|
profil(3) -- execution time profile
|
|
This routine provides a means to find out in what areas your program spends most of its time. The argument buf points to bufsiz bytes of core. Every virtual 10 milliseconds, the user's program counte... |
|
psignal(3) -- print signal message
|
|
The psignal() function displays a message on stderr consisting of the string s, a colon, a space, and a string describing the signal number sig. If sig is invalid, the message displayed will indicate ... |
|
putenv(3) -- change or add an environment variable
|
|
The putenv() function adds or changes the value of environment variables. The argument string is of the form name=value. If name does not already exist in the environment, then string is added to the ... |
|
putpwent(3) -- write a password file entry
|
|
The putpwent() function writes a password entry from the structure p in the file associated with stream. The passwd structure is defined in as follows: struct passwd { char *pw_name; /* user n... |
|
puts(3) -- output of characters and strings
|
|
fputc() writes the character c, cast to an unsigned char, to stream. fputs() writes the string s to stream, without its trailing '\0'. putc() is equivalent to fputc() except that it may be implemen... |
|
putwchar(3) -- write a wide character to standard output
|
|
The putwchar function is the wide-character equivalent of the putchar function. It writes the wide character wc to stdout. If ferror(stdout) becomes true, it returns WEOF. If a wide character conversi... |
|
qsort(3) -- sorts an array
|
|
The qsort() function sorts an array with nmemb elements of size size. The base argument points to the start of the array. The contents of the array are sorted in ascending order according to a compari... |
|
raise(3) -- send a signal to the current process
|
|
The raise function sends a signal to the current process. It is equivalent to kill(getpid(),sig) |
|
rand(3) -- random number generator.
|
|
The rand() function returns a pseudo-random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX. The srand() function sets its argument as the seed for a new sequence of pseudo-random integers to be returned by rand(). Th... |
|
random(3) -- random number generator.
|
|
The random() function uses a non-linear additive feedback random number generator employing a default table of size 31 long integers to return successive pseudo-random numbers in the range from 0 to R... |
|
rcmd(3) -- routines for returning a stream to a remote command
|
|
The rcmd() function is used by the super-user to execute a command on a remote machine using an authentication scheme based on reserved port numbers. The rresvport() function returns a descriptor to a... |
|
readdir(3) -- read a directory
|
|
The readdir() function returns a pointer to a dirent structure representing the next directory entry in the directory stream pointed to by dir. It returns NULL on reaching the end-of-file or if an err... |
|
readv(3) -- read or write data into multiple buffers
|
|
The readv() function reads count blocks from the file associated with the file descriptor filedes into the multiple buffers described by vec- tor. The writev() function writes at most count blocks des... |
|
realpath(3) -- return the canonicalized absolute pathname
|
|
realpath expands all symbolic links and resolves references to '/./', '/../' and extra '/' characters in the null terminated string named by path and stores the canonicalized absolute pathname i... |
|
recno(3) -- record number database access method
|
|
The routine dbopen is the library interface to database files. One of the supported file formats is record number files. The general description of the database access methods is in dbopen(3), this ma... |
|
regex(3) -- POSIX regex functions
|
|
|
|
remove(3) -- delete a name and possibly the file it refers to
|
|
remove deletes a name from the filesystem. It calls unlink for files, and rmdir for directories. If the removed name was the last link to a file and no processes have the file open the file is deleted... |
|
resolver(3) -- resolver routines
|
|
These functions make queries to and interpret the responses from Internet domain name servers. The res_init() function reads the configuration files (see resolv+(8)) to get the default domain name, se... |
|
rewinddir(3) -- reset directory stream
|
|
The rewinddir() function resets the position of the directory stream dir to the beginning of the directory. |
|
re_comp(3) -- BSD regex functions
|
|
re_comp is used to compile the null-terminated regular expression pointed to by regex. The compiled pattern occupies a static area, the pattern buffer, which is overwritten by subsequent use of re_com... |
|
rint(3) -- round to nearest integer
|
|
The nearbyint functions round their argument to an integer value in floating point format, using the current rounding direction and without raising the inexact exception. The rint functions do the sam... |
|
round(3) -- round to nearest integer, away from zero
|
|
These functions round x to the nearest integer, but round halfway cases away from zero (regardless of the current rounding direction), instead of to the nearest even integer like rint(). |
|
rpc(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls
|
|
|
|
rtnetlink(3) -- Macros to manipuate rtnetlink messages
|
|
All rtnetlink(7) messages consist of a netlink(7) message header and appended attributes. The attributes should be only manipulated using the macros provided here. RTA_OK(rta, attrlen) returns true if... |
|
scandir(3) -- scan a directory for matching entries
|
|
The scandir() function scans the directory dir, calling select() on each directory entry. Entries for which select() returns non-zero are stored in strings allocated via malloc(), sorted using qsort()... |
|
scanf(3) -- input format conversion
|
|
The scanf family of functions scans input according to a format as described below. This format may contain conversion specifiers; the results from such conversions, if any, are stored through the poi... |
|
seekdir(3) -- set the position of the next readdir() call in the directory stream.
|
|
The seekdir() function sets the location in the directory stream from which the next readdir() call will start. seekdir() should be used with an offset returned by telldir(). |
|
setbuf(3) -- stream buffering operations
|
|
The three types of buffering available are unbuffered, block buffered, and line buffered. When an output stream is unbuffered, information appears on the destination file or terminal as soon as writte... |
|
setenv(3) -- change or add an environment variable
|
|
The setenv() function adds the variable name to the environment with the value value, if name does not already exist. If name does exist in the environment, then its value is changed to value if overw... |
|
setjmp(3) -- save stack context for non-local goto
|
|
setjmp() and longjmp() are useful for dealing with errors and interrupts encountered in a low-level subroutine of a program. setjmp() saves the stack context/environment in env for later use by longjm... |
|
setlocale(3) -- set the current locale.
|
|
The setlocale() function is used to set or query the program's current locale. If locale is not NULL, the program's current locale is modified according to the arguments. The argument category deter... |
|
siginterrupt(3) -- allow signals to interrupt system calls
|
|
The siginterrupt() function changes the restart behaviour when a system call is interrupted by the signal sig. If the flag argument is false (0), then system calls will be restarted if interrupted by ... |
|
sigsetops(3) -- POSIX signal set operations.
|
|
The sigsetops(3) functions allow the manipulation of POSIX signal sets. sigemptyset initializes the signal set given by set to empty, with all signals excluded from the set. sigfillset initializes set... |
|
sin(3) -- sine function
|
|
The sin() function returns the sine of x, where x is given in radians. |
|
sinh(3) -- hyperbolic sine function
|
|
The sinh() function returns the hyperbolic sine of x, which is defined mathematically as (exp(x) - exp(-x)) / 2. |
|
sleep(3) -- Sleep for the specified number of seconds
|
|
sleep() makes the current process sleep until seconds seconds have elapsed or a signal arrives which is not ignored. |
|
spline(3) -- Fit curves with spline interpolation
|
|
The spline command computes a spline fitting a set of data points (x and y vectors) and produces a vector of the interpolated images (ycoordinates) at a given set of x-coordinates. |
|
sqrt(3) -- square root function
|
|
The sqrt() function returns the non-negative square root of x. It fails and sets errno to EDOM, if x is negative. |
|
stdarg(3) -- variable argument lists
|
|
A function may be called with a varying number of arguments of varying types. The include file stdarg.h declares a type va_list and defines three macros for stepping through a list of arguments whose ... |
|
stdin(3) -- standard I/O streams
|
|
Under normal circumstances every Unix program has three streams opened for it when it starts up, one for input, one for output, and one for printing diagnostic or error messages. These are typically a... |
|
stdio(3) -- standard input/output library functions
|
|
The standard I/O library provides a simple and efficient buffered stream I/O interface. Input and output is mapped into logical data streams and the physical I/O characteristics are concealed. The fun... |
|
stpcpy(3) -- copy a string returning a pointer to its end
|
|
The stpcpy() function copies the string pointed to by src (including the terminating `\0' character) to the array pointed to by dest. The strings may not overlap, and the destination string dest mus... |
|
stpncpy(3) -- copy a fixed-size string, returning a pointer to its end
|
|
The stpncpy function copies at most n characters from the string pointed to by src, including the terminating '\0' character, to the array pointed to by dest. Exactly n characters are written at de... |
|
strcasecmp(3) -- compare two strings ignoring case
|
|
The strcasecmp() function compares the two strings s1 and s2, ignoring the case of the characters. It returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is found, respectively, to be l... |
|
strcat(3) -- concatenate two strings
|
|
The strcat() function appends the src string to the dest string overwriting the `\0' character at the end of dest, and then adds a terminating `\0' character. The strings may not overlap, and the ... |
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strchr(3) -- locate character in string
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The strchr() function returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character c in the string s. The strrchr() function returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character c in the string s. |
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strcmp(3) -- compare two strings
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The strcmp() function compares the two strings s1 and s2. It returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is found, respectively, to be less than, to match, or be greater than s2... |
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strcoll(3) -- compare two strings using the current locale
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The strcoll() function compares the two strings s1 and s2. It returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is found, respectively, to be less than, to match, or be greater than s... |
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strcpy(3) -- copy a string
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The strcpy() function copies the string pointed to by src (including the terminating `\0' character) to the array pointed to by dest. The strings may not overlap, and the destination string dest mus... |
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strdup(3) -- duplicate a string
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The strdup() function returns a pointer to a new string which is a duplicate of the string s. Memory for the new string is obtained with malloc(3), and can be freed with free(3). The strndup() works l... |
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strerror(3) -- return string describing error code
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The strerror() function returns a string describing the error code passed in the argument errnum. The string can only be used until the next call to strerror(). |
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strfmon(3) -- convert monetary value to a string
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The strfmon() function formats the specified amounts according to the format specification format and places the result in the character array s of size max. Ordinary characters in format are copied t... |
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strfry(3) -- randomize a string
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The strfry() function randomizes the contents of string by using rand(3) to randomly swap characters in the string. The result is an anagram of string. |
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strftime(3) -- format date and time
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The strftime() function formats the broken-down time tm according to the format specification format and places the result in the character array s of size max. Ordinary characters placed in the forma... |
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string(3) -- string operations
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The string functions perform string operations on NULL-terminated strings. See the individual man pages for descriptions of each function. |
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stripchart(3) -- 2D strip chart for plotting x and y coordinate data.
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The stripchart command creates a strip chart for plotting two-dimensional data (x,y coordinates). It has many configurable components: coordinate axes, elements, legend, grid lines, cross hairs, etc. ... |
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strlen(3) -- calculate the length of a string
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The strlen() function calculates the length of the string s, not including the terminating `\0' character. |
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strnlen(3) -- determine the length of a fixed-size string
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The strnlen function returns the number of characters in the string pointed to by s, not including the terminating '\0' character, but at most maxlen. In doing this, strnlen looks only at the first... |
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strpbrk(3) -- search a string for any of a set of characters
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The strpbrk() function locates the first occurrence in the string s of any of the characters in the string accept. |
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strptime(3) -- convert a string representation of time to a time tm structure
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strptime() is the complementary function to strftime() and converts the character string pointed to by s to values which are stored in the tm structure pointed to by tm, using the format specified by ... |
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strsep(3) -- extract token from string
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If *stringp is NULL, the strsep() function returns NULL and does nothing else. Otherwise, this function finds the first token in the string *stringp, where tokens are delimited by symbols in the strin... |
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strsignal(3) -- return string describing signal
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The strsignal() function returns a string describing the signal number passed in the argument sig. The string can only be used until the next call to strsignal(). The array sys_siglist holds the signa... |
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strspn(3) -- search a string for a set of characters
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The strspn() function calculates the length of the initial segment of s which consists entirely of characters in accept. The strcspn() function calculates the length of the initial segment of s which ... |
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strstr(3) -- locate a substring
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The strstr() function finds the first occurrence of the substring nee- dle in the string haystack. The terminating `\0' characters are not compared. |
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strtod(3) -- convert ASCII string to floating point number
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The strtod, strtof, and strtold functions convert the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to double, float, and long double representation, respectively. The expected form of the (initial... |
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strtok(3) -- extract tokens from strings
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A `token' is a nonempty string of characters not occurring in the string delim, followed by \0 or by a character occurring in delim. The strtok() function can be used to parse the string s into toke... |
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strtol(3) -- convert a string to a long integer.
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The strtol() function converts the string in nptr to a long integer value according to the given base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0. The string must begin with a... |
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strtoul(3) -- convert a string to an unsigned long integer.
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The strtoul() function converts the string in nptr to an unsigned long integer value according to the given base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0. The string must b... |
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strxfrm(3) -- string transformation
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The strxfrm() function transforms the src string into a form such that the result of strcmp() on two strings that have been transformed with strxfrm() is the same as the result of strcoll() on the two... |
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swab(3) -- swap adjacent bytes
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The swab() function copies n bytes from the array pointed to by from to the array pointed to by to, exchanging adjacent even and odd bytes. This function is used to exchange data between machines that... |
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sysconf(3) -- Get configuration information at runtime
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sysconf() provides a way for the application to determine values for system limits or options at runtime. The equivalent macros defined in can only give conservative values; if an applicati... |
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syslog(3) -- send messages to the system logger
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closelog() closes the descriptor being used to write to the system logger. The use of closelog() is optional. openlog() opens a connection to the system logger for a program. The string pointed to by ... |
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system(3) -- execute a shell command
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system() executes a command specified in string by calling /bin/sh -c string, and returns after the command has been completed. During execution of the command, SIGCHLD will be blocked, and SIGINT and... |
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table(3) -- Arranges widgets in a table
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The table command arranges widgets in a table. The alignment of widgets is detemined by their row and column positions and the number of rows or columns that they span. |
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tabset(3) -- Create and manipulate tabset widgets _______________________________________________________________...
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The tabset widget displays a series of overlapping folders. Only the contents of one folder at a time is displayed. By clicking on the tab's of a folder, you can view other folders. Each folder may c... |
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tan(3) -- tangent function
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The tan() function returns the tangent of x, where x is given in radians. |
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tanh(3) -- hyperbolic tangent function
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The tanh() function returns the hyperbolic tangent of x, which is defined mathematically as sinh(x) / cosh(x). |
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telldir(3) -- return current location in directory stream.
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The telldir() function returns the current location associated with the directory stream dir. |
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tempnam(3) -- create a name for a temporary file
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The tempnam() function returns a pointer to a string that is a valid filename, and such that a file with this name did not exist when temp- nam() checked. The filename suffix of the pathname generated... |
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termios(3) -- get and set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rate, get and set terminal foregroun...
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The termios functions describe a general terminal interface that is provided to control asynchronous communications ports. Many of the functions described here have a termios_p argument that is a poin... |
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textdomain(3) -- set domain for future gettext() calls
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The textdomain function sets or retrieves the current message domain. A message domain is a set of translatable msgid messages. Usually, every software package has its own message domain. The domain n... |
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tile(3) -- Tiling versions of Tk widgets
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The tile widgets let you create textured backgrounds. The texture is a Tk image which is tiled over the entire background of the widget. |
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tktable(3) -- Create and manipulate tables
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The table command creates a 2-dimensional grid of cells. The table can use a Tcl array variable or Tcl command for data storage and retrieval. The widget has an active cell, the contents of which can ... |
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tmpfile(3) -- create a temporary file
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The tmpfile() function generates a unique temporary filename using the path prefix P_tmpdir defined in . The temporary file is then opened in binary read/write (w+b) mode. The file will be au... |
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tmpnam(3) -- create a name for a temporary file
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The tmpnam() function returns a pointer to a string that is a valid filename, and such that a file with this name did not exist at some point in time, so that naive programmers may think it a suitable... |
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toascii(3) -- convert character to ASCII
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toascii() converts c to a 7-bit unsigned char value that fits into the ASCII character set, by clearing the high-order bits. |
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toupper(3) -- convert letter to upper or lower case
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toupper() converts the letter c to upper case, if possible. tolower() converts the letter c to lower case, if possible. If c is not an unsigned char value, or EOF, the behaviour of these functions is ... |
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towctrans(3) -- wide-character transliteration
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If wc is a wide character, the towctrans function translates it according to the transliteration descriptor desc. If wc is WEOF, WEOF is returned. desc must be a transliteration descriptor returned by... |
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towlower(3) -- convert a wide character to lowercase
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The towlower function is the wide-character equivalent of the tolower function. If wc is a wide character, it is converted to lowercase. Characters which do not have case are returned unchanged. If wc... |
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towupper(3) -- convert a wide character to uppercase
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The towupper function is the wide-character equivalent of the toupper function. If wc is a wide character, it is converted to uppercase. Characters which do not have case are returned unchanged. If wc... |
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trunc(3) -- round to interger, towards zero
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These functions round x to the nearest integer not larger in absolute value. |
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tsearch(3) -- manage a binary tree
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tsearch, tfind, twalk, and tdelete manage a binary tree. They are generalized from Knuth (6.2.2) Algorithm T. The first field in each node of the tree is a pointer to the corresponding data item. (The... |
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ttyname(3) -- return name of a terminal
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Returns a pointer to the pathname of the terminal device that is open on the file descriptor desc, or NULL on error (for example, if desc is not connected to a terminal). |
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tzset(3) -- initialize time conversion information
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The tzset() function initializes the tzname variable from the TZ environment variable. This function is automatically called by the other time conversion functions that depend on the time zone. If the... |
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ulimit(3) -- get and set user limits
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Warning: This routine is obsolete. The include file is no longer provided by glibc. Use getrlimit(2), setrlimit(2) and sysconf(3) instead. For the shell command ulimit, see bash(1). The ulimit call wi... |
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undocumented(3) -- undocumented library functions
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This man page mentions those library functions which are implemented in the standard libraries but not yet documented in man pages. |
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ungetwc(3) -- push back a wide character onto a FILE stream
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The ungetwc function is the wide-character equivalent of the ungetc function. It pushes back a wide character onto stream and returns it. If wc is WEOF, it returns WEOF. If wc is an invalid wide chara... |
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updwtmp(3) -- append an entry to the wtmp file
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updwtmp() appends the utmp structure ut to the wtmp file. logwtmp() constructs an utmp structure using line, name, host, current time and current process id. Then it calls updwtmp() to append the stru... |
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usleep(3) -- suspend execution for microsecond intervals
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The usleep() function suspends execution of the calling process for usec microseconds. The sleep may be lengthened slightly by any system activity or by the time spent processing the call. |
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vector(3) -- Vector data type for Tcl
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The vector command creates a vector of floating point values. The vector's components can be manipulated in three ways: through a Tcl array variable, a Tcl command, or the C API. |
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watch(3) -- call Tcl procedures before and after each command
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The watch command arranges for Tcl procedures to be invoked before and after the execution of each Tcl command. |
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wcpcpy(3) -- copy a wide character string, returning a pointer to its end
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The wcpcpy function is the wide-character equivalent of the stpcpy function. It copies the wide character string pointed to by src, including the terminating L'\0' character, to the array pointed t... |
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wcpncpy(3) -- copy a fixed-size string of wide characters, returning a pointer to its end
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The wcpncpy function is the wide-character equivalent of the stpncpy function. It copies at most n wide characters from the wide-character string pointed to by src, including the terminating L'\0' ... |
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wcrtomb(3) -- convert a wide character to a multibyte sequence
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The main case for this function is when s is not NULL and wc is not L'\0'. In this case, the wcrtomb function converts the wide character wc to its multibyte representation and stores it at the beg... |
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wcscasecmp(3) -- compare two wide-character strings, ignoring case
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The wcscasecmp function is the wide-character equivalent of the str- casecmp function. It compares the wide-character string pointed to by s1 and the wide-character string pointed to by s2, ignoring c... |
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wcscat(3) -- concatenate two wide-character strings
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The wcscat function is the wide-character equivalent of the strcat function. It copies the wide-character string pointed to by src, including the terminating L'\0' character, to the end of the wide... |
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wcschr(3) -- search a wide character in a wide-character string
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The wcschr function is the wide-character equivalent of the strchr function. It searches the first occurrence of wc in the wide-character string pointed to by wcs. |
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wcscmp(3) -- compare two wide-character strings
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The wcscmp function is the wide-character equivalent of the strcmp function. It compares the wide-character string pointed to by s1 and the wide-character string pointed to by s2. |
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wcscpy(3) -- copy a wide character string
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The wcscpy function is the wide-character equivalent of the strcpy function. It copies the wide character string pointed to by src, including the terminating L'\0' character, to the array pointed t... |
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wcscspn(3) -- search a wide-character string for any of a set of wide characters
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The wcscspn function is the wide-character equivalent of the strcspn function. It determines the length of the longest initial segment of wcs which consists entirely of wide-characters not listed in r... |
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wcsdup(3) -- duplicate a wide-character string
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The wcsdup function is the wide-character equivalent of the strdup function. It allocates and returns a new wide-character string whose initial contents is a duplicate of the wide-character string poi... |
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wcslen(3) -- determine the length of a wide-character string
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The wcslen function is the wide-character equivalent of the strlen function. It determines the length of the wide-character string pointed to by s, not including the terminating L'\0' character. |
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wcsncasecmp(3) -- compare two fixed-size wide-character strings, ignoring case
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The wcsncasecmp function is the wide-character equivalent of the strn- casecmp function. It compares the wide-character string pointed to by s1 and the wide-character string pointed to by s2, but at m... |
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wcsncat(3) -- concatenate two wide-character strings
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The wcsncat function is the wide-character equivalent of the strncat function. It copies at most n wide characters from the wide-character string pointed to by src to the end of the wide-character str... |
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wcsncmp(3) -- compare two fixed-size wide-character strings
|
|
The wcsncmp function is the wide-character equivalent of the strncmp function. It compares the wide-character string pointed to by s1 and the wide-character string pointed to by s2, but at most n wide... |
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wcsncpy(3) -- copy a fixed-size string of wide characters
|
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The wcsncpy function is the wide-character equivalent of the strncpy function. It copies at most n wide characters from the wide-character string pointed to by src, including the terminating L'\0' ... |
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wcsnlen(3) -- determine the length of a fixed-size wide-character string
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The wcsnlen function is the wide-character equivalent of the strnlen function. It returns the number of wide-characters in the string pointed to by s, not including the terminating L'\0' character,... |
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wcsnrtombs(3) -- convert a wide character string to a multibyte string
|
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The wcsnrtombs function is like the wcsrtombs function, except that the number of wide characters to be converted, starting at *src, is limited to nwc. If dest is not a NULL pointer, the wcsnrtombs fu... |
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wcspbrk(3) -- search a wide-character string for any of a set of wide characters
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The wcspbrk function is the wide-character equivalent of the strpbrk function. It searches for the first occurrence in the wide-character string pointed to by wcs of any of the characters in the wide-... |
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wcsrchr(3) -- search a wide character in a wide-character string
|
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The wcsrchr function is the wide-character equivalent of the strrchr function. It searches the last occurrence of wc in the wide-character string pointed to by wcs. |
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wcsrtombs(3) -- convert a wide character string to a multibyte string
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If dest is not a NULL pointer, the wcsrtombs function converts the wide-character string *src to a multibyte string starting at dest. At most len bytes are written to dest. The shift state *ps is upda... |
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wcsspn(3) -- advance in a wide-character string, skipping any of a set of wide characters
|
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The wcsspn function is the wide-character equivalent of the strspn function. It determines the length of the longest initial segment of wcs which consists entirely of wide-characters listed in accept.... |
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wcsstr(3) -- locate a substring in a wide-character string
|
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The wcsstr function is the wide-character equivalent of the strstr function. It searches for the first occurrence of the wide-character string needle (without its terminating L'\0' character) as a ... |
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wcstok(3) -- split wide-character string into tokens
|
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The wcstok function is the wide-character equivalent of the strtok function, with an added argument to make it multithread-safe. It can be used to split a wide-character string wcs into tokens, where ... |
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wcstombs(3) -- convert a wide character string to a multibyte string
|
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If dest is not a NULL pointer, the wcstombs function converts the widecharacter string src to a multibyte string starting at dest. At most n bytes are written to dest. The conversion starts in the ini... |
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wcswidth(3) -- determine columns needed for a fixed-size wide character string
|
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The wcswidth function returns the number of columns needed to represent the wide-character string pointed to by s, but at most n wide characters. If a non-printable wide character occurs among these c... |
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wctob(3) -- try to represent a wide character as a single byte
|
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The wctob function tests whether the multi-byte representation of the wide character c, starting in the initial state, consists of a single byte. If so, it is returned as an unsigned char. Never use t... |
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wctomb(3) -- convert a wide character to a multibyte sequence
|
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If s is not NULL, the wctomb function converts the wide character wc to its multibyte representation and stores it at the beginning of the character array pointed to by s. It updates the shift state, ... |
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wctrans(3) -- wide character translation mapping
|
|
The wctrans_t type represents a mapping which can map a wide character to another wide character. Its nature is implementation dependent, but the special value (wctrans_t)0 denotes an invalid mapping.... |
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wctype(3) -- wide character classification
|
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The wctype_t type represents a property which a wide character may or may not have. In other words, it represents a class of wide characters. This type's nature is implementation dependent, but the s... |
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wcwidth(3) -- determine columns needed for a wide character
|
|
The wcwidth function returns the number of columns needed to represent the wide character c. If c is a printable wide character, the value is at least 0. If c is L'\0', the value is 0. Otherwise -1... |
|
winop(3) -- Perform assorted window operations
|
|
The winop command performs various window operations on Tk windows using low-level Xlib function calls to work around window manager pecularities. |
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wmemchr(3) -- search a wide character in a wide-character array
|
|
The wmemchr function is the wide-character equivalent of the memchr function. It searches the n wide characters starting at s for the first occurrence of the wide character c. |
|
wmemcmp(3) -- compare two arrays of wide-characters
|
|
The wmemcmp function is the wide-character equivalent of the memcmp function. It compares the n wide-characters starting at s1 and the n wide-characters starting at s2. |
|
wmemcpy(3) -- copy an array of wide-characters
|
|
The wmemcpy function is the wide-character equivalent of the memcpy function. It copies n wide characters from the array starting at src to the array starting at dest. The arrays may not overlap; use ... |
|
wmemmove(3) -- copy an array of wide-characters
|
|
The wmemmove function is the wide-character equivalent of the memmove function. It copies n wide characters from the array starting at src to the array starting at dest. The arrays may overlap. The pr... |
|
wmemset(3) -- fill an array of wide-characters with a constant wide character
|
|
The wmemset function is the wide-character equivalent of the memset function. It fills the array of n wide-characters starting at wcs with n copies of the wide character wc. |
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wprintf(3) -- formatted wide character output conversion
|
|
The wprintf family of functions is the wide-character equivalent of the printf family of functions. It performs formatted output of wide characters. The wprintf and vwprintf functions perform wide cha... |
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xdr(3) -- library routines for external data representation
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__setfpucw(3) -- set fpu control word on i386 architecture (obsolete)
|
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__setfpucw transfers control_word to the registers of the fpu (floating point unit) on i386 architecture. This was used to control floating point precision, rounding and floating point exceptions. |
