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man pages->OpenBSD man pages

a64l(3) -- convert between 32-bit integer and radix-64 ASCII string

The a64l() and l64a() functions are used to maintain numbers stored in radix-64 ASCII characters. This is a notation by which 32-bit integers can be represented by up to six characters; each character...

abort(3) -- cause abnormal program termination

The abort() function causes abnormal program termination to occur, unless the signal SIGABRT is being caught and the signal handler does not return. Any open streams are flushed and closed.

abs(3) -- integer absolute value function

The abs() function computes the absolute value of the integer j.

acos(3) -- arc cosine functions

The acos() function computes the principal value of the arc cosine of x in the range [0, pi]. The acosf() is a single precision version of acos().

acosf(3) -- arc cosine functions

The acos() function computes the principal value of the arc cosine of x in the range [0, pi]. The acosf() is a single precision version of acos().

acosh(3) -- inverse hyperbolic cosine functions

The acosh() function computes the inverse hyperbolic cosine of the real argument x. The acoshf() function is a single precision version of acosh().

acoshf(3) -- inverse hyperbolic cosine functions

The acosh() function computes the inverse hyperbolic cosine of the real argument x. The acoshf() function is a single precision version of acosh().

acss(3) -- ACSS encryption

This library implements the Alleged Content Scrambling System. It is believed to be interoperable with CSS of the DVD Copy Control Association. ACSS is a stream cipher with a fixed key length of 40 bi...

acss_setkey(3) -- ACSS encryption

addch(3) -- add a character (with attributes) to a curses window, then advance the cursor

The addch, waddch, mvaddch and mvwaddch routines put the character ch into the given window at its current window position, which is then advanced. They are analogous to putchar in stdio(3). If the ad...

addchnstr(3) -- add a string of characters (and attributes) to a curses window

These routines copy chstr into the window image structure at and after the current cursor position. The four routines with n as the last argument copy at most n elements, but no more than will fit on ...

addchstr(3) -- add a string of characters (and attributes) to a curses window

addnstr(3) -- add a string of characters to a curses window and advance cursor

These routines write the characters of the (null-terminated) character string str on the given window. It is similar to calling waddch once for each character in the string. The four routines with n a...

addr(3) -- Internet address manipulation routines

The routines inet_aton(), inet_addr() and inet_network() interpret character strings representing numbers expressed in the Internet standard `.' notation. The inet_pton() function converts a presenta...

addstr(3) -- add a string of characters to a curses window and advance cursor

adler32(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

This manual page describes the zlib general purpose compression library, version 1.1.4. The zlib compression library provides in-memory compression and decompression functions, including integrity che...

alarm(3) -- set signal timer alarm

This interface is made obsolete by setitimer(2). The alarm() function waits a count of seconds before asserting the terminating signal SIGALRM. When the signal has successfully been caught, alarm() re...

alloca(3) -- memory allocator

The alloca() function allocates size bytes of space in the stack frame of the caller. This temporary space is automatically freed on return.

alphasort(3) -- scan a directory

The scandir() function reads the directory dirname and builds an array of pointers to directory entries using malloc(3). It returns the number of entries in the array. A pointer to the array of direct...

arc4random(3) -- arc4 random number generator

The arc4random() function provides a high quality 32-bit pseudo-random number very quickly. arc4random() seeds itself on a regular basis from the kernel strong random number subsystem described in ran...

arc4random_addrandom(3) -- arc4 random number generator

arc4random_stir(3) -- arc4 random number generator

asctime(3) -- convert date and time to ASCII

The ctime() function converts a time_t, pointed to by clock, representing the time in seconds since 00:00:00 UTC, 1970-01-01, and returns a pointer to a 26-character string of the form Thu Nov 24 18:2...

asctime_r(3) -- convert date and time to ASCII

asin(3) -- arc sine functions

The asin() function computes the principal value of the arc sine of x in the range [-pi/2, +pi/2]. The asinf() function is a single precision version of asin().

asinf(3) -- arc sine functions

The asin() function computes the principal value of the arc sine of x in the range [-pi/2, +pi/2]. The asinf() function is a single precision version of asin().

asinh(3) -- inverse hyperbolic sine functions

The asinh() function computes the inverse hyperbolic sine of the real argument. The asinhf() function is a single precision version of asinh().

asinhf(3) -- inverse hyperbolic sine functions

The asinh() function computes the inverse hyperbolic sine of the real argument. The asinhf() function is a single precision version of asinh().

asprintf(3) -- formatted output conversion

The printf() family of functions produce output according to the given format as described below. This format may contain ``conversion specifiers''; the results of such conversions, if any, depend o...

assert(3) -- expression verification macro

The assert() macro tests the given expression and if it is false, the calling process is terminated. A diagnostic message is written to stderr and the abort(3) function is called, effectively terminat...

assume_default_colors(3) -- use terminal's default colors

The use_default_colors() and assume_default_colors() functions are extensions to the curses library. They are used with terminals that support ISO 6429 color, or equivalent. These terminals allow the ...

atan(3) -- arc tangent functions of one variable

The atan() function computes the principal value of the arc tangent of x in the range [-pi/2, +pi/2]. The atanf() function is a single precision version of atan().

atan2(3) -- arc tangent functions of two variables

The atan2() function computes the principal value of the arc tangent of y/x, using the signs of both arguments to determine the quadrant of the return value. The atan2f() function is a single precisio...

atan2f(3) -- arc tangent functions of two variables

atanf(3) -- arc tangent functions of one variable

The atan() function computes the principal value of the arc tangent of x in the range [-pi/2, +pi/2]. The atanf() function is a single precision version of atan().

atanh(3) -- inverse hyperbolic tangent functions

The atanh() function computes the inverse hyperbolic tangent of the real argument x. The atanhf() function is a single precision version of atanh().

atanhf(3) -- inverse hyperbolic tangent functions

The atanh() function computes the inverse hyperbolic tangent of the real argument x. The atanhf() function is a single precision version of atanh().

atexit(3) -- register a function to be called on exit

The atexit() function registers the given function to be called at program exit, whether via exit(3) or via return from the program's main(). Functions so registered are called in reverse order; no a...

atob8(3) -- S/Key library functions

These functions implement the S/Key one time password authentication mechanism. The atob8() function converts the 16-byte hex string in to an 8-byte binary array stored in out. The atob8() function re...

atof(3) -- convert ASCII string to double

The atof() function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to double representation. It is equivalent to: strtod(nptr, (char **)NULL);

atoi(3) -- convert ASCII string to integer

The atoi() function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to integer representation. It is equivalent to: (int)strtol(nptr, (char **)NULL, 10);

atol(3) -- convert ASCII string to long integer

The atol() function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to long integer representation. It is equivalent to: strtol(nptr, (char **)NULL, 10);

atoll(3) -- convert ASCII string to long long integer

The atoll() function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to long integer representation. It is equivalent to: strtoll(nptr, (char **)NULL, 10);

attroff(3) -- curses character and window attribute control routines

These routines manipulate the current attributes of the named window. The current attributes of a window apply to all characters that are written into the window with wad- dch, waddstr and wprintw. At...

attron(3) -- curses character and window attribute control routines

attrset(3) -- curses character and window attribute control routines

attr_get(3) -- curses character and window attribute control routines

attr_off(3) -- curses character and window attribute control routines

attr_on(3) -- curses character and window attribute control routines

attr_set(3) -- curses character and window attribute control routines

authenticate(3) -- simplified interface to the BSD Authentication system

These functions provide a simplified interface to the BSD Authentication system (see bsd_auth(3)). The auth_userokay() function provides a single function call interface. Provided with a user's name ...

authnone_create(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

These routines establish authentication information for use by the RPC functions described in rpc(3). auth_destroy() is a macro that destroys the authentication information associated with auth. Destr...

authunix_create(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

authunix_create_default(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

auth_approval(3) -- simplified interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_call(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

These functions provide the lower level interface to the BSD Authentication system. They all operate on a BSD Authentication session pointer, as, which is returned by auth_open(). The session pointer ...

auth_cat(3) -- simplified interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_challenge(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_checknologin(3) -- simplified interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_check_change(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_check_expire(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_clean(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_close(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_clrenv(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_clroption(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_clroptions(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_destroy(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

auth_getitem(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_getpwd(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_getstate(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_getvalue(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_mkvalue(3) -- simplified interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_open(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_setdata(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_setenv(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_setitem(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_setoption(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_setpwd(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_setstate(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_set_va_list(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_subr(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_userchallenge(3) -- simplified interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_usercheck(3) -- simplified interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_userokay(3) -- simplified interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_userresponse(3) -- simplified interface to the BSD Authentication system

auth_verify(3) -- simplified interface to the BSD Authentication system

backspace(3) -- S/Key library functions

basename(3) -- extract the base portion of a pathname

The basename() function returns the last component from the pathname pointed to by path, deleting any trailing `/' characters. If path consists entirely of `/' characters, a pointer to the string "...

baudrate(3) -- curses environment query routines

The baudrate routine returns the output speed of the terminal. The number returned is in bits per second, for example 9600, and is an integer. The erasechar routine returns the user's current erase c...

bcmp(3) -- compare byte string

The bcmp() function compares byte string b1 against byte string b2, returning zero if they are identical, non-zero otherwise. Both strings are assumed to be len bytes long. Zero-length strings are alw...

bcopy(3) -- copy bytes

The bcopy() function copies len bytes from buffer src to buffer dst. The two buffers may overlap. If len is zero, no bytes are copied.

bcrypt(3) -- DES encryption

The crypt() function performs password encryption based on the NBS Data Encryption Standard (DES). Additional code has been added to deter key search attempts and to use stronger hashing algorithms. T...

bcrypt_gensalt(3) -- DES encryption

beep(3) -- curses bell and screen flash routines

The beep and flash routines are used to alert the terminal user. The routine beep sounds an audible alarm on the terminal, if possible; otherwise it flashes the screen (visible bell). The routine flas...

betoh16(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

These routines convert 16, 32 and 64-bit quantities between different byte orderings. The ``swap'' functions reverse the byte ordering of the given quantity, the others converts either from/to the n...

betoh32(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

betoh64(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

BF_cbc(3) -- Blowfish encryption

This library implements the Blowfish cipher, which was invented and described by Counterpane (see http://www.counterpane.com/blowfish.html ). Blowfish is a block cipher that operates on 64 bit (8 byte...

BF_cbc_encrypt(3) -- Blowfish encryption

BF_cfb64_encrypt(3) -- Blowfish encryption

BF_decrypt(3) -- Blowfish encryption

BF_ecb(3) -- Blowfish encryption

BF_ecb_encrypt(3) -- Blowfish encryption

BF_encrypt(3) -- Blowfish encryption

BF_ofb64_encrypt(3) -- Blowfish encryption

BF_options(3) -- Blowfish encryption

BF_set_key(3) -- Blowfish encryption

bindresvport(3) -- bind a socket to a privileged IP port

The bindresvport() and bindresvport_sa() functions are used to bind a socket descriptor to a privileged IP port, that is, a port number in the range 0-1023. The bindresvport() function operates solely...

bindresvport_sa(3) -- bind a socket to a privileged IP port

bitstring(3) -- bit-string manipulation macros

These macros operate on strings of bits. The bit_alloc() macro returns a pointer of type bitstr_t * to sufficient space to store nbits bits, or NULL if no space is available. The bit_decl() macro allo...

bitstr_size(3) -- bit-string manipulation macros

bit_alloc(3) -- bit-string manipulation macros

bit_clear(3) -- bit-string manipulation macros

bit_decl(3) -- bit-string manipulation macros

bit_ffc(3) -- bit-string manipulation macros

bit_ffs(3) -- bit-string manipulation macros

bit_nclear(3) -- bit-string manipulation macros

bit_nset(3) -- bit-string manipulation macros

bit_set(3) -- bit-string manipulation macros

bit_size(3) -- bit-string manipulation macros

bit_test(3) -- bit-string manipulation macros

bkgd(3) -- curses window background manipulation routines

The bkgdset and wbkgdset routines manipulate the background of the named window. The window background is a chtype consisting of any combination of attributes (i.e., rendition) and a character. The at...

bkgdset(3) -- curses window background manipulation routines

blf_cbc_decrypt(3) -- Blowfish encryption

Blowfish is a fast unpatented block cipher designed by Bruce Schneier. It basically consists of a 16 times iterated Feistel network. The block size is 64 bit and the maximum key size is 448 bit. The b...

blf_cbc_encrypt(3) -- Blowfish encryption

blf_dec(3) -- Blowfish encryption

blf_ecb_decrypt(3) -- Blowfish encryption

blf_ecb_encrypt(3) -- Blowfish encryption

blf_enc(3) -- Blowfish encryption

blf_key(3) -- Blowfish encryption

blowfish(3) -- Blowfish encryption

bm(3) -- Boyer-Moore string search

These routines implement an efficient mechanism to find an occurrence of a byte string within another byte string. bm_comp() evaluates patlen bytes starting at pattern and returns a pointer to a struc...

bm_comp(3) -- Boyer-Moore string search

bm_exec(3) -- Boyer-Moore string search

bm_free(3) -- Boyer-Moore string search

bn(3) -- multiprecision integer arithmetics

This library performs arithmetic operations on integers of arbitrary size. It was written for use in public key cryptography, such as RSA and Diffie-Hellman. It uses dynamic memory allocation for stor...

BN_add(3) -- arithmetic operations on BIGNUMs

BN_add() adds a and b and places the result in r ("r=a+b"). r may be the same BIGNUM as a or b. BN_sub() subtracts b from a and places the result in r ("r=a-b"). BN_mul() multiplies a and b and pl...

BN_add_word(3) -- arithmetic functions on BIGNUMs with integers

These functions perform arithmetic operations on BIGNUMs with unsigned integers. They are much more efficient than the normal BIGNUM arithmetic operations. BN_add_word() adds w to a ("a+=w"). BN_sub...

bn_add_words(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

This page documents the internal functions used by the OpenSSL BIGNUM implementation. They are described here to facilitate debugging and extending the library. They are not to be used by applications...

BN_bin2bn(3) -- format conversions

BN_bn2bin() converts the absolute value of a into bigendian form and stores it at to. to must point to BN_num_bytes(a) bytes of memory. BN_bin2bn() converts the positive integer in big-endian form of ...

BN_bn2bin(3) -- format conversions

BN_bn2dec(3) -- format conversions

BN_bn2hex(3) -- format conversions

BN_bn2mpi(3) -- format conversions

bn_check_top(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

BN_clear(3) -- allocate and free BIGNUMs

BN_new() allocated and initializes a BIGNUM structure. BN_init() initializes an existing uninitialized BIGNUM. BN_clear() is used to destroy sensitive data such as keys when they are no longer needed....

BN_clear_bit(3) -- bit operations on BIGNUMs

BN_set_bit() sets bit n in a to 1 ("a|=(1<

BN_clear_free(3) -- allocate and free BIGNUMs

BN_cmp(3) -- BIGNUM comparison and test functions

BN_cmp() compares the numbers a and b. BN_ucmp() compares their absolute values. BN_is_zero(), BN_is_one() and BN_is_word() test if a equals 0, 1, or w respectively. BN_is_odd() tests if a is odd. BN_...

bn_cmp_words(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

BN_copy(3) -- copy BIGNUMs

BN_copy() copies from to to. BN_dup() creates a new BIGNUM containing the value from.

BN_CTX_end(3) -- use temporary BIGNUM variables

These functions are used to obtain temporary BIGNUM variables from a BN_CTX (which can been created by using BN_CTX_new(3)) in order to save the overhead of repeatedly creating and freeing BIGNUMs in ...

BN_CTX_free(3) -- allocate and free BN_CTX structures

A BN_CTX is a structure that holds BIGNUM temporary variables used by library functions. Since dynamic memory allocation to create BIGNUMs is rather expensive when used in conjunction with repeated su...

BN_CTX_get(3) -- use temporary BIGNUM variables

BN_CTX_init(3) -- allocate and free BN_CTX structures

BN_CTX_new(3) -- allocate and free BN_CTX structures

BN_CTX_start(3) -- use temporary BIGNUM variables

BN_dec2bn(3) -- format conversions

BN_div(3) -- arithmetic operations on BIGNUMs

BN_add() adds a and b and places the result in r ("r=a+b"). r may be the same BIGNUM as a or b. BN_sub() subtracts b from a and places the result in r ("r=a-b"). BN_mul() multiplies a and b and pl...

BN_div_recp(3) -- modular multiplication using reciprocal

BN_mod_mul_reciprocal() can be used to perform an efficient BN_mod_mul(3) operation when the operation will be performed repeatedly with the same modulus. It computes r=(a*b)%m using recp=1/m, which i...

BN_div_word(3) -- arithmetic functions on BIGNUMs with integers

bn_div_words(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_dump(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

BN_dup(3) -- copy BIGNUMs

BN_copy() copies from to to. BN_dup() creates a new BIGNUM containing the value from.

BN_exp(3) -- arithmetic operations on BIGNUMs

BN_add() adds a and b and places the result in r ("r=a+b"). r may be the same BIGNUM as a or b. BN_sub() subtracts b from a and places the result in r ("r=a-b"). BN_mul() multiplies a and b and pl...

bn_expand(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_expand2(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_fix_top(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

BN_free(3) -- allocate and free BIGNUMs

BN_from_montgomery(3) -- Montgomery multiplication

These functions implement Montgomery multiplication. They are used automatically when BN_mod_exp(3) is called with suitable input, but they may be useful when several operations are to be performed us...

BN_gcd(3) -- arithmetic operations on BIGNUMs

BN_add() adds a and b and places the result in r ("r=a+b"). r may be the same BIGNUM as a or b. BN_sub() subtracts b from a and places the result in r ("r=a-b"). BN_mul() multiplies a and b and pl...

BN_generate_prime(3) -- generate primes and test for primality

BN_generate_prime() generates a pseudo-random prime number of num bits. If ret is not NULL, it will be used to store the number. If callback is not NULL, it is called as follows: o callback(0, i, cb_a...

BN_get_word(3) -- BIGNUM assignment operations

BN_zero(), BN_one() and BN_set_word() set a to the values 0, 1 and w respectively. BN_zero() and BN_one() are macros. BN_value_one() returns a BIGNUM constant of value 1. This constant is useful for u...

BN_hex2bn(3) -- format conversions

BN_init(3) -- allocate and free BIGNUMs

bn_internal(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

BN_is_bit_set(3) -- bit operations on BIGNUMs

BN_set_bit() sets bit n in a to 1 ("a|=(1<

BN_is_odd(3) -- BIGNUM comparison and test functions

BN_is_one(3) -- BIGNUM comparison and test functions

BN_is_prime(3) -- generate primes and test for primality

BN_is_prime_fasttest(3) -- generate primes and test for primality

BN_is_word(3) -- BIGNUM comparison and test functions

BN_is_zero(3) -- BIGNUM comparison and test functions

BN_lshift(3) -- bit operations on BIGNUMs

BN_set_bit() sets bit n in a to 1 ("a|=(1<

BN_lshift1(3) -- bit operations on BIGNUMs

BN_set_bit() sets bit n in a to 1 ("a|=(1<

BN_mask_bits(3) -- bit operations on BIGNUMs

BN_set_bit() sets bit n in a to 1 ("a|=(1<

BN_mod(3) -- arithmetic operations on BIGNUMs

BN_add() adds a and b and places the result in r ("r=a+b"). r may be the same BIGNUM as a or b. BN_sub() subtracts b from a and places the result in r ("r=a-b"). BN_mul() multiplies a and b and pl...

BN_mod_exp(3) -- arithmetic operations on BIGNUMs

BN_add() adds a and b and places the result in r ("r=a+b"). r may be the same BIGNUM as a or b. BN_sub() subtracts b from a and places the result in r ("r=a-b"). BN_mul() multiplies a and b and pl...

BN_mod_inverse(3) -- compute inverse modulo n

BN_mod_inverse() computes the inverse of a modulo n places the result in r ("(a*r)%n==1"). If r is NULL, a new BIGNUM is created. ctx is a previously allocated BN_CTX used for temporary variables. r...

BN_mod_mul(3) -- arithmetic operations on BIGNUMs

BN_add() adds a and b and places the result in r ("r=a+b"). r may be the same BIGNUM as a or b. BN_sub() subtracts b from a and places the result in r ("r=a-b"). BN_mul() multiplies a and b and pl...

BN_mod_mul_montgomery(3) -- Montgomery multiplication

BN_mod_mul_reciprocal(3) -- modular multiplication using reciprocal

BN_mod_word(3) -- arithmetic functions on BIGNUMs with integers

BN_MONT_CTX_copy(3) -- Montgomery multiplication

BN_MONT_CTX_free(3) -- Montgomery multiplication

BN_MONT_CTX_init(3) -- Montgomery multiplication

BN_MONT_CTX_new(3) -- Montgomery multiplication

BN_MONT_CTX_set(3) -- Montgomery multiplication

BN_mpi2bn(3) -- format conversions

BN_mul(3) -- arithmetic operations on BIGNUMs

BN_add() adds a and b and places the result in r ("r=a+b"). r may be the same BIGNUM as a or b. BN_sub() subtracts b from a and places the result in r ("r=a-b"). BN_mul() multiplies a and b and pl...

bn_mul_add_words(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_mul_comba4(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_mul_comba8(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_mul_high(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_mul_low_normal(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_mul_low_recursive(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_mul_normal(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_mul_part_recursive(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_mul_recursive(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

BN_mul_word(3) -- arithmetic functions on BIGNUMs with integers

bn_mul_words(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

BN_new(3) -- allocate and free BIGNUMs

BN_num_bits(3) -- get BIGNUM size

These functions return the size of a BIGNUM in bytes or bits, and the size of an unsigned integer in bits. BN_num_bytes() is a macro.

BN_num_bits_word(3) -- get BIGNUM size

These functions return the size of a BIGNUM in bytes or bits, and the size of an unsigned integer in bits. BN_num_bytes() is a macro.

BN_num_bytes(3) -- get BIGNUM size

These functions return the size of a BIGNUM in bytes or bits, and the size of an unsigned integer in bits. BN_num_bytes() is a macro.

BN_one(3) -- BIGNUM assignment operations

BN_print(3) -- format conversions

bn_print(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

BN_print_fp(3) -- format conversions

BN_pseudo_rand(3) -- generate pseudo-random number

BN_rand() generates a cryptographically strong pseudo-random number of bits bits in length and stores it in rnd. If top is -1, the most significant bit of the random number can be zero. If top is 0, i...

BN_rand(3) -- generate pseudo-random number

BN_rand_range(3) -- generate pseudo-random number

BN_RECP_CTX_free(3) -- modular multiplication using reciprocal

BN_RECP_CTX_init(3) -- modular multiplication using reciprocal

BN_RECP_CTX_new(3) -- modular multiplication using reciprocal

BN_RECP_CTX_set(3) -- modular multiplication using reciprocal

BN_rshift(3) -- bit operations on BIGNUMs

BN_set_bit() sets bit n in a to 1 ("a|=(1<

BN_rshift1(3) -- bit operations on BIGNUMs

BN_set_bit() sets bit n in a to 1 ("a|=(1<

BN_set_bit(3) -- bit operations on BIGNUMs

BN_set_bit() sets bit n in a to 1 ("a|=(1<

bn_set_high(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_set_low(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_set_max(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

BN_set_word(3) -- BIGNUM assignment operations

BN_sqr(3) -- arithmetic operations on BIGNUMs

BN_add() adds a and b and places the result in r ("r=a+b"). r may be the same BIGNUM as a or b. BN_sub() subtracts b from a and places the result in r ("r=a-b"). BN_mul() multiplies a and b and pl...

bn_sqr_comba4(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_sqr_comba8(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_sqr_normal(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_sqr_recursive(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

bn_sqr_words(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

BN_sub(3) -- arithmetic operations on BIGNUMs

BN_add() adds a and b and places the result in r ("r=a+b"). r may be the same BIGNUM as a or b. BN_sub() subtracts b from a and places the result in r ("r=a-b"). BN_mul() multiplies a and b and pl...

BN_sub_word(3) -- arithmetic functions on BIGNUMs with integers

bn_sub_words(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

BN_swap(3) -- exchange BIGNUMs

BN_swap() exchanges the values of a and b. bn(3)

BN_to_montgomery(3) -- Montgomery multiplication

BN_ucmp(3) -- BIGNUM comparison and test functions

BN_value_one(3) -- BIGNUM assignment operations

bn_wexpand(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

BN_zero(3) -- BIGNUM assignment operations

border(3) -- create curses borders, horizontal and vertical lines

The border, wborder and box routines draw a box around the edges of a window. The argument ls is a character and attributes used for the left side of the border, rs - right side, ts - top side, bs - b...

bottom_panel(3) -- panel stack extension for curses

Panels are curses(3) windows with the added feature of depth. Panel functions allow the use of stacked windows and ensure the proper portions of each window and the curses stdscr window are hidden or ...

box(3) -- create curses borders, horizontal and vertical lines

bsd_auth(3) -- interface to the BSD Authentication system

bsearch(3) -- binary search of a sorted table

The bsearch() function searches an array of nmemb objects, the initial member of which is pointed to by base, for a member that matches the object pointed to by key. The size of each member of the arr...

bstring(3) -- byte string operations

These functions operate on variable length strings of bytes. They do not check for terminating null bytes as the routines listed in string(3) do. See the specific manual pages for more information.

btoa8(3) -- S/Key library functions

btoe(3) -- S/Key library functions

btree(3) -- btree database access method

The dbopen() routine is the library interface to database files. One of the supported file formats is btree files. The general description of the database access methods is in dbopen(3). This manual p...

bufferevent_disable(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

The event API provides a mechanism to execute a function when a specific event on a file descriptor occurs or after a given time has passed. The event API needs to be initialized with event_init() bef...

bufferevent_enable(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

bufferevent_free(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

bufferevent_new(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

bufferevent_read(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

bufferevent_settimeout(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

bufferevent_write(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

bufferevent_write_buffer(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

BUF_MEM_free(3) -- simple character arrays structure

The buffer library handles simple character arrays. Buffers are used for various purposes in the library, most notably memory BIOs. The library uses the BUF_MEM structure defined in buffer.h: typedef ...

BUF_MEM_grow(3) -- simple character arrays structure

BUF_MEM_new(3) -- simple character arrays structure

BUF_strdup(3) -- simple character arrays structure

byteorder(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

bzero(3) -- write zeroes to a byte string

The bzero() function writes len zero bytes to the string b. If len is zero, bzero() does nothing.

cabs(3) -- Euclidean distance and complex absolute value functions

The hypot() and cabs() functions compute the sqrt(x*x+y*y) in such a way that underflow will not happen, and overflow occurs only if the final result deserves it. The hypotf() and cabsf() functions ar...

cabsf(3) -- Euclidean distance and complex absolute value functions

calloc(3) -- memory allocation and deallocation

The malloc() function allocates uninitialized space for an object whose size is specified by size. The malloc() function maintains multiple lists of free blocks according to size, allocating space fro...

callrpc(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

These routines allow C programs to make procedure calls on other machines across the network. First, the client calls a procedure to send a data packet to the server. Upon receipt of the packet, the s...

can_change_color(3) -- curses color manipulation routines

Overview curses support color attributes on terminals with that capability. To use these routines start_color must be called, usually right after initscr. Colors are always used in pairs (referred to ...

catclose(3) -- close message catalog

The catclose() function closes the message catalog specified by the argument catd.

catgets(3) -- retrieve string from message catalog

The catgets() function attempts to retrieve message msg_id of set set_id from the message catalog referenced by the descriptor catd. The argument s points to a default message which is returned if the...

catopen(3) -- open message catalog

The catopen() function opens the message catalog specified by name and returns a message catalog descriptor. If name contains a `/', then name specifies the full pathname for the message catalog, oth...

cbreak(3) -- curses input options

Normally, the tty driver buffers typed characters until a newline or carriage return is typed. The cbreak routine disables line buffering and erase/kill character-processing (interrupt and flow contro...

cbrt(3) -- cube root and square root functions

The cbrt() function computes the cube root of x. The cbrtf() function is a single precision version of cbrt(). The sqrt() function computes the non-negative square root of x. The sqrtf() function is a...

cbrtf(3) -- cube root and square root functions

ceil(3) -- round to smallest integral value greater than or equal to x

The ceil() function returns the smallest integral value greater than or equal to x. The ceilf() function is a single precision version of ceil().

ceilf(3) -- round to smallest integral value greater than or equal to x

The ceil() function returns the smallest integral value greater than or equal to x. The ceilf() function is a single precision version of ceil().

cfgetispeed(3) -- manipulating the termios structure

The cfmakeraw(), tcgetattr(), and tcsetattr() functions are provided for getting and setting the termios structure. The cfgetispeed(), cfsetispeed(), cfgetospeed(), cfsetospeed(), and cfsetspeed() fun...

cfgetospeed(3) -- manipulating the termios structure

cfmakeraw(3) -- manipulating the termios structure

cfree(3) -- memory allocation and deallocation

cfsetispeed(3) -- manipulating the termios structure

cfsetospeed(3) -- manipulating the termios structure

cfsetspeed(3) -- manipulating the termios structure

cgetcap(3) -- capability database access routines

The cgetent() function extracts the capability record name from the database specified by the null-terminated file array db_array and returns a pointer to a copy of it in buf. cgetent() will first loo...

cgetclose(3) -- capability database access routines

cgetent(3) -- capability database access routines

cgetfirst(3) -- capability database access routines

cgetmatch(3) -- capability database access routines

cgetnext(3) -- capability database access routines

cgetnum(3) -- capability database access routines

cgetset(3) -- capability database access routines

cgetstr(3) -- capability database access routines

cgetusedb(3) -- capability database access routines

cgetustr(3) -- capability database access routines

check_expire(3) -- check for password expiration

The login_check_expire() function is called by a BSD authentication login script to check whether the user's password entry, as described by pwd, has expired. If a class is specified, it is used inst...

chgat(3) -- curses character and window attribute control routines

CIRCLEQ_EMPTY(3) -- implementations of

These macros define and operate on five types of data structures: singlylinked lists, simple queues, lists, tail queues, and circular queues. All five structures support the following functionality: 1...

CIRCLEQ_END(3) -- implementations of

CIRCLEQ_ENTRY(3) -- implementations of

CIRCLEQ_FIRST(3) -- implementations of

CIRCLEQ_FOREACH(3) -- implementations of

CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(3) -- implementations of

CIRCLEQ_HEAD(3) -- implementations of

CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(3) -- implementations of

CIRCLEQ_INIT(3) -- implementations of

CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(3) -- implementations of

CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE(3) -- implementations of

CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(3) -- implementations of

CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(3) -- implementations of

CIRCLEQ_LAST(3) -- implementations of

CIRCLEQ_NEXT(3) -- implementations of

CIRCLEQ_PREV(3) -- implementations of

CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(3) -- implementations of

clear(3) -- clear all or part of a curses window

The erase and werase routines copy blanks to every position in the window, clearing the screen. The clear and wclear routines are like erase and werase, but they also call clearok, so that the screen ...

clearerr(3) -- check and reset stream status

The function clearerr() clears the end-of-file and error indicators for the stream pointed to by stream. The function feof() tests the end-of-file indicator for the stream pointed to by stream, return...

clearok(3) -- curses output options

These routines set options that change the style of output within curses. All options are initially FALSE, unless otherwise stated. It is not necessary to turn these options off before calling endwin....

clntraw_create(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clnttcp_create(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clntudp_bufcreate(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clntudp_create(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clnt_broadcast(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clnt_call(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clnt_control(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clnt_create(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clnt_destroy(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clnt_freeres(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clnt_geterr(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clnt_pcreateerror(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clnt_perrno(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clnt_perror(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clnt_spcreateerror(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clnt_sperrno(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clnt_sperror(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

clock(3) -- determine processor time used

The clock() function determines the amount of processor time used since the invocation of the calling process, measured in CLOCKS_PER_SECs.

closedir(3) -- directory operations

The opendir() function opens the directory named by filename, associates a directory stream with it, and returns a pointer to be used to identify the directory stream in subsequent operations. A null ...

closelog(3) -- control system log

The syslog() function writes message to the system message logger. The message is then written to the system console, log files, logged-in users, or forwarded to other machines as appropriate (see sys...

closelog_r(3) -- control system log

clrtobot(3) -- clear all or part of a curses window

clrtoeol(3) -- clear all or part of a curses window

color_content(3) -- curses color manipulation routines

COLOR_PAIR(3) -- curses color manipulation routines

color_set(3) -- curses character and window attribute control routines

compress(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

compress2(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

compressBound(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

com_err(3) -- common error display routine

Com_err displays an error message on the standard error stream stderr (see stdio(3S)) composed of the whoami string, which should specify the program name or some subportion of a program, followed by ...

confstr(3) -- get string-valued configurable variables

This interface is obsoleted by sysctl(3). The confstr() function provides a method for applications to get configuration defined string values. The name argument specifies the system variable to be qu...

copysign(3) -- functions for IEEE arithmetic

These functions are required or recommended by IEEE Std 754-1985. copysign() returns x with its sign changed to y's. The copysignf() function is a single precision version of copysign(). finite() ret...

copysignf(3) -- functions for IEEE arithmetic

copywin(3) -- overlay and manipulate overlapped curses windows

The overlay and overwrite routines overlay srcwin on top of dstwin. scrwin and dstwin are not required to be the same size; only text where the two windows overlap is copied. The difference is that ov...

cos(3) -- cosine functions

The cos() function computes the cosine of x (measured in radians). The cosf() function is a single precision version of cos(). A large magnitude argument may yield a result with little or no significa...

cosf(3) -- cosine functions

cosh(3) -- hyperbolic cosine functions

The cosh() function computes the hyperbolic cosine of x. The coshf() function is a single precision version of cosh().

coshf(3) -- hyperbolic cosine functions

The cosh() function computes the hyperbolic cosine of x. The coshf() function is a single precision version of cosh().

crc32(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

creat(3) -- create a new file

This interface is made obsolete by: open(2). creat() is the same as: open(path, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, mode);

crypt(3) -- DES encryption

crypto(3) -- OpenSSL cryptographic library

CRYPTO_add(3) -- OpenSSL thread support

OpenSSL can safely be used in multi-threaded applications provided that at least two callback functions are set. locking_function(int mode, int n, const char *file, int line) is needed to perform lock...

CRYPTO_add_lock(3) -- OpenSSL thread support

CRYPTO_destroy_dynlockid(3) -- OpenSSL thread support

CRYPTO_get_ex_data(3) -- internal application specific data functions

Several OpenSSL structures can have application specific data attached to them. These functions are used internally by OpenSSL to manipulate application specific data attached to a specific structure....

CRYPTO_get_new_dynlockid(3) -- OpenSSL thread support

CRYPTO_lock(3) -- OpenSSL thread support

CRYPTO_num_locks(3) -- OpenSSL thread support

CRYPTO_r_lock(3) -- OpenSSL thread support

CRYPTO_r_unlock(3) -- OpenSSL thread support

CRYPTO_set_dynlock_create_callback(3) -- OpenSSL thread support

CRYPTO_set_dynlock_destroy_callback(3) -- OpenSSL thread support

CRYPTO_set_dynlock_lock_callback(3) -- OpenSSL thread support

CRYPTO_set_ex_data(3) -- internal application specific data functions

CRYPTO_set_id_callback(3) -- OpenSSL thread support

CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(3) -- OpenSSL thread support

CRYPTO_w_lock(3) -- OpenSSL thread support

CRYPTO_w_unlock(3) -- OpenSSL thread support

ctermid(3) -- generate terminal pathname

The ctermid() function generates a string, that, when used as a pathname, refers to the current controlling terminal of the calling process. If buf is a null pointer, a pointer to a static area is ret...

ctime(3) -- convert date and time to ASCII

ctime_r(3) -- convert date and time to ASCII

ctype(3) -- character classification macros

The above macros perform character tests and conversions on the integer c. See each function's own manual page for more information.

current_field(3) -- set and get form page number

The function set_current field sets the current field of the given form; current_field returns the current field of the given form. The function set_form_page sets the form's page number (goes to pag...

current_item(3) -- set and get current_menu_item

The function set_current_item sets the current item (the item on which the menu cursor is positioned). cur- rent_item returns a pointer to the current item in the given menu. The function set_top_row ...

curses(3) -- CRT screen handling and optimization package

The curses library routines give the user a terminal-independent method of updating character screens with reasonable optimization. This implementation is ``new curses'' (ncurses) and is the approve...

curses_version(3) -- miscellaneous curses extensions

These functions are extensions to the curses library which do not fit easily into other categories. Use curses_version() to get the version number, including patch level of the library, e.g., 5.0.1999...

curs_addch(3) -- add a character (with attributes) to a curses window, then advance the cursor

curs_addchstr(3) -- add a string of characters (and attributes) to a curses window

curs_addstr(3) -- add a string of characters to a curses window and advance cursor

curs_attr(3) -- curses character and window attribute control routines

curs_beep(3) -- curses bell and screen flash routines

curs_bkgd(3) -- curses window background manipulation routines

curs_border(3) -- create curses borders, horizontal and vertical lines

curs_clear(3) -- clear all or part of a curses window

curs_color(3) -- curses color manipulation routines

curs_delch(3) -- delete character under the cursor in a curses window

These routines delete the character under the cursor; all characters to the right of the cursor on the same line are moved to the left one position and the last character on the line is filled with a ...

curs_deleteln(3) -- delete and insert lines in a curses window

The deleteln and wdeleteln routines delete the line under the cursor in the window; all lines below the current line are moved up one line. The bottom line of the window is cleared. The cursor positio...

curs_extend(3) -- miscellaneous curses extensions

curs_getch(3) -- get (or push back) characters from curses terminal keyboard

The getch, wgetch, mvgetch and mvwgetch, routines read a character from the window. In no-delay mode, if no input is waiting, the value ERR is returned. In delay mode, the program waits until the syst...

curs_getstr(3) -- accept character strings from curses terminal keyboard

The function getstr is equivalent to a series of calls to getch, until a newline or carriage return is received (the terminating character is not included in the returned string). The resulting value ...

curs_getyx(3) -- get curses cursor and window coordinates

The getyx macro places the current cursor position of the given window in the two integer variables y and x. If win is a subwindow, the getparyx macro places the beginning coordinates of the subwindow...

curs_inch(3) -- get a character and attributes from a curses window

These routines return the character, of type chtype, at the current position in the named window. If any attributes are set for that position, their values are OR'ed into the value returned. Constant...

curs_inchstr(3) -- get a string of characters (and attributes) from a curses window

These routines return a NULL-terminated array of chtype quantities, starting at the current cursor position in the named window and ending at the right margin of the window. The four functions with n ...

curs_initscr(3) -- curses screen initialization and manipulation routines

initscr is normally the first curses routine to call when initializing a program. A few special routines sometimes need to be called before it; these are slk_init, filter, ripoffline, use_env. For mul...

curs_inopts(3) -- curses input options

curs_insch(3) -- insert a character before cursor in a curses window

These routines insert the character ch before the character under the cursor. All characters to the right of the cursor are moved one space to the right, with the possibility of the rightmost characte...

curs_insstr(3) -- insert string before cursor in a curses window

These routines insert a character string (as many characters as will fit on the line) before the character under the cursor. All characters to the right of the cursor are shifted right, with the possi...

curs_instr(3) -- get a string of characters from a curses window

These routines return a string of characters in str, extracted starting at the current cursor position in the named window. Attributes are stripped from the characters. The four functions with n as th...

curs_kernel(3) -- low-level curses routines

The following routines give low-level access to various curses capabilities. Theses routines typically are used inside library routines. The def_prog_mode and def_shell_mode routines save the current ...

curs_mouse(3) -- mouse interface through curses

These functions provide an interface to mouse events from curses(3). Mouse events are represented by KEY_MOUSE pseudo-key values in the wgetch input stream. To make mouse events visible, use the mouse...

curs_move(3) -- move curses window cursor

These routines move the cursor associated with the window to line y and column x. This routine does not move the physical cursor of the terminal until refresh is called. The position specified is rela...

curs_outopts(3) -- curses output options

curs_overlay(3) -- overlay and manipulate overlapped curses windows

curs_pad(3) -- create and display curses pads

The newpad routine creates and returns a pointer to a new pad data structure with the given number of lines, nlines, and columns, ncols. A pad is like a window, except that it is not restricted by the...

curs_print(3) -- ship binary data to printer

This function uses the mc5p or mc4 and mc5 capabilities, if they are present, to ship given data to a printer attached to the terminal. Note that the mcprint code has no way to do flow control with th...

curs_printw(3) -- print formatted output in curses windows

The printw, wprintw, mvprintw and mvwprintw routines are analogous to printf [see printf(3)]. In effect, the string that would be output by printf is output instead as though waddstr were used on the ...

curs_refresh(3) -- refresh curses windows and lines

The refresh and wrefresh routines (or wnoutrefresh and doupdate) must be called to get actual output to the terminal, as other routines merely manipulate data structures. The routine wrefresh copies t...

curs_scanw(3) -- convert formatted input from a curses window

The scanw, wscanw and mvscanw routines are analogous to scanf [see scanf(3)]. The effect of these routines is as though wgetstr were called on the window, and the resulting line used as input for ssca...

curs_scroll(3) -- scroll a curses window

The scroll routine scrolls the window up one line. This involves moving the lines in the window data structure. As an optimization, if the scrolling region of the window is the entire screen, the phys...

curs_scr_dump(3) -- read (write) a curses screen from (to) a file

The scr_dump routine dumps the current contents of the virtual screen to the file filename. The scr_restore routine sets the virtual screen to the contents of filename, which must have been written us...

curs_set(3) -- low-level curses routines

curs_slk(3) -- curses soft label routines

The slk* functions manipulate the set of soft function-key labels that exist on many terminals. For those terminals that do not have soft labels, curses takes over the bottom line of stdscr, reducing ...

curs_termattrs(3) -- curses environment query routines

curs_touch(3) -- curses refresh control routines

The touchwin and touchline routines throw away all optimization information about which parts of the window have been touched, by pretending that the entire window has been drawn on. This is sometimes...

curs_util(3) -- miscellaneous curses utility routines

The unctrl macro expands to a character string which is a printable representation of the character c. Control characters are displayed in the ^X notation. Printing characters are displayed as is. The...

curs_window(3) -- create curses windows

Calling newwin creates and returns a pointer to a new window with the given number of lines and columns. The upper left-hand corner of the window is at line begin_y, column begin_x. If either nlines o...

cuserid(3) -- get user name

This interface is available from the compatibility library, libcompat. The cuserid() function returns a character string representation of the user name associated with the effective user ID of the ca...

d2i_DHparams(3) -- PKCS#3 DH parameter functions.

These functions decode and encode PKCS#3 DH parameters using the DHparameter structure described in PKCS#3. Othewise these behave in a similar way to d2i_X509() and i2d_X509() described in the d2i_X50...

d2i_DSAparams(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

These functions implement the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA). The generation of shared DSA parameters is described in DSA_generate_parameters(3); DSA_generate_key(3) describes how to generate a sig...

d2i_DSAPrivateKey(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

d2i_DSAPublicKey(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

d2i_DSA_SIG(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

d2i_Netscape_RSA(3) -- RSA public and private key encoding functions.

d2i_RSAPublicKey() and i2d_RSAPublicKey() decode and encode a PKCS#1 RSAPublicKey structure. d2i_RSA_PUBKEY() and i2d_RSA_PUBKEY() decode and encode an RSA public key using a SubjectPublicKeyInfo (cer...

d2i_RSAPrivateKey(3) -- RSA public and private key encoding functions.

d2i_RSAPublicKey(3) -- RSA public and private key encoding functions.

d2i_SSL_SESSION(3) -- convert SSL_SESSION object from/to ASN1 representation

d2i_SSL_SESSION() transforms the external ASN1 representation of an SSL/TLS session, stored as binary data at location pp with length length, into an SSL_SESSION object. i2d_SSL_SESSION() transforms t...

daemon(3) -- run in the background

The daemon() function is for programs wishing to detach themselves from the controlling terminal and run in the background as system daemons. Unless the argument nochdir is non-zero, daemon() changes ...

data_ahead(3) -- test for off-screen data in given forms

The function data_ahead tests whether there is off-screen data ahead in the given form. It returns TRUE (1) or FALSE (0). The function data_behind tests whether there is off-screen data behind in the ...

data_behind(3) -- test for off-screen data in given forms

db(3) -- database access methods

The dbopen() function is the library interface to database files. The supported file formats are btree, hashed, and UNIX file oriented. The btree format is a representation of a sorted, balanced tree ...

dbm(3) -- database subroutines

These functions provide a dbm-compatible interface to the database access methods described in db(3). Each unique record in the database is a key/content pair, the components of which may be any arbit...

dbmclose(3) -- database subroutines

dbminit(3) -- database subroutines

dbm_clearerr(3) -- database access methods

These functions provide a ndbm-compatible interface to the database access methods described in db(3). Each unique record in the database is a key/content pair, the components of which may be any arbi...

dbm_close(3) -- database access methods

dbm_delete(3) -- database access methods

dbm_dirfno(3) -- database access methods

dbm_error(3) -- database access methods

dbm_fetch(3) -- database access methods

dbm_firstkey(3) -- database access methods

dbm_nextkey(3) -- database access methods

dbm_open(3) -- database access methods

dbm_pagfno(3) -- database access methods

dbm_store(3) -- database access methods

dbopen(3) -- database access methods

default_colors(3) -- use terminal's default colors

define_key(3) -- define a keycode

This is an extension to the curses library. It permits an application to define keycodes with their corresponding control strings, so that the curses library will interpret them just as it would the p...

deflate(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

deflateBound(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

deflateCopy(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

deflateEnd(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

deflateInit(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

deflateInit2(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

deflateParams(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

deflatePrime(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

deflateReset(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

deflateSetDictionary(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

def_prog_mode(3) -- low-level curses routines

def_shell_mode(3) -- low-level curses routines

delay_output(3) -- miscellaneous curses utility routines

delch(3) -- delete character under the cursor in a curses window

delete(3) -- database subroutines

deleteln(3) -- delete and insert lines in a curses window

delscreen(3) -- curses screen initialization and manipulation routines

delwin(3) -- create curses windows

del_curterm(3) -- curses interfaces to terminfo database

These low-level routines must be called by programs that have to deal directly with the terminfo database to handle certain terminal capabilities, such as programming function keys. For all other func...

del_panel(3) -- panel stack extension for curses

derwin(3) -- create curses windows

des_3cbc_encrypt(3) -- (non USA) DES encryption

This library contains a fast implementation of the DES encryption algorithm. There are two phases to the use of DES encryption. The first is the generation of a des_key_schedule from a key, the second...

des_3ecb_encrypt(3) -- (non USA) DES encryption

des_cbc_cksum(3) -- DES encryption

This library contains a fast implementation of the DES encryption algorithm. There are two phases to the use of DES encryption. The first is the generation of a DES_key_schedule from a key, the second...

des_cbc_encrypt(3) -- (non USA) DES encryption

des_cfb64_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_cfb_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_cipher(3) -- DES encryption

des_crypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_ecb2_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_ecb3_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_ecb_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_ede2_cbc_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_ede2_cfb64_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_ede2_ofb64_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_ede3_cbcm_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_ede3_cbc_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_ede3_cfb64_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_ede3_ofb64_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_enc_read(3) -- DES encryption

des_enc_write(3) -- DES encryption

des_fcrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_is_weak_key(3) -- DES encryption

des_key_sched(3) -- DES encryption

des_ncbc_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_ofb64_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_ofb_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_pcbc_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

des_quad_cksum(3) -- DES encryption

des_random_key(3) -- DES encryption

des_read_2password(3) -- (non USA) DES encryption

des_read_2passwords(3) -- DES encryption

des_read_password(3) -- DES encryption

des_read_pw_string(3) -- DES encryption

des_setkey(3) -- DES encryption

des_set_key(3) -- DES encryption

des_set_key_checked(3) -- DES encryption

des_set_key_unchecked(3) -- DES encryption

des_set_odd_parity(3) -- DES encryption

des_string_to_2key(3) -- (non USA) DES encryption

des_string_to_2keys(3) -- DES encryption

des_string_to_key(3) -- DES encryption

des_xcbc_encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

devname(3) -- get device name

The devname() function returns a pointer to the name of the block or character device in /dev with a device number of dev, and a file type matching the one encoded in type which must be one of S_IFBLK...

dh(3) -- Diffie-Hellman key agreement

These functions implement the Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol. The generation of shared DH parameters is described in DH_generate_parameters(3); DH_generate_key(3) describes how to perform a key...

DHparams_print(3) -- print cryptographic parameters

A human-readable hexadecimal output of the components of the RSA key, DSA parameters or key or DH parameters is printed to bp or fp. The output lines are indented by offset spaces.

DHparams_print_fp(3) -- print cryptographic parameters

A human-readable hexadecimal output of the components of the RSA key, DSA parameters or key or DH parameters is printed to bp or fp. The output lines are indented by offset spaces.

DH_check(3) -- generate and check

DH_generate_parameters() generates Diffie-Hellman parameters that can be shared among a group of users, and returns them in a newly allocated DH structure. The pseudo-random number generator must be s...

DH_compute_key(3) -- perform Diffie-Hellman key exchange

DH_generate_key() performs the first step of a DiffieHellman key exchange by generating private and public DH values. By calling DH_compute_key(), these are combined with the other party's public val...

DH_free(3) -- allocate and free DH objects

DH_new() allocates and initializes a DH structure. DH_free() frees the DH structure and its components. The values are erased before the memory is returned to the system.

DH_generate_key(3) -- perform Diffie-Hellman key exchange

DH_generate_parameters(3) -- generate and check

DH_get_default_method(3) -- select DH method

A DH_METHOD specifies the functions that OpenSSL uses for Diffie-Hellman operations. By modifying the method, alternative implementations such as hardware accelerators may be used. IMPORTANT: See the ...

DH_get_default_openssl_method(3) -- select DH method

DH_get_ex_data(3) -- add application specific data to DH structures

These functions handle application specific data in DH structures. Their usage is identical to that of RSA_get_ex_new_index(), RSA_set_ex_data() and RSA_get_ex_data() as described in RSA_get_ex_new_in...

DH_get_ex_new_index(3) -- add application specific data to DH structures

DH_new(3) -- allocate and free DH objects

DH_new() allocates and initializes a DH structure. DH_free() frees the DH structure and its components. The values are erased before the memory is returned to the system.

DH_new_method(3) -- select DH method

DH_OpenSSL(3) -- select DH method

DH_set_default_method(3) -- select DH method

DH_set_default_openssl_method(3) -- select DH method

DH_set_ex_data(3) -- add application specific data to DH structures

DH_set_method(3) -- select DH method

DH_size(3) -- get Diffie-Hellman prime size

This function returns the Diffie-Hellman size in bytes. It can be used to determine how much memory must be allocated for the shared secret computed by DH_compute_key(). dh->p must not be NULL.

difftime(3) -- convert date and time to ASCII

directory(3) -- directory operations

dirfd(3) -- directory operations

dirname(3) -- extract the directory portion of a pathname

The dirname() function is the converse of basename(3); it returns a pointer to the parent directory of the pathname pointed to by path. Any trailing `/' characters are not counted as part of the dire...

div(3) -- return quotient and remainder from division

The div() function computes the value num/denom and returns the quotient and remainder in a structure named div_t that contains two int members named quot and rem.

dladdr(3) -- dynamic link interface

These functions provide an interface to the run-time linker ld.so(1). They allow new shared objects to be loaded into a process's address space under program control. The dlopen() function takes a na...

dlclose(3) -- dynamic link interface

dlctl(3) -- dynamic link interface

dlerror(3) -- dynamic link interface

dlfcn(3) -- dynamic link interface

dlopen(3) -- dynamic link interface

dlsym(3) -- dynamic link interface

dn_comp(3) -- resolver routines

These routines are used for making, sending, and interpreting query and reply messages with Internet domain name servers. Global configuration and state information that is used by the resolver routin...

dn_expand(3) -- resolver routines

doupdate(3) -- refresh curses windows and lines

drand48(3) -- pseudo-random number generators and initialization routines

The rand48() family of functions generates pseudo-random numbers using a linear congruential algorithm working on integers 48 bits in size. The particular formula employed is r(n+1) = (a * r(n) + c) m...

dsa(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

DSAparams_print(3) -- print cryptographic parameters

A human-readable hexadecimal output of the components of the RSA key, DSA parameters or key or DH parameters is printed to bp or fp. The output lines are indented by offset spaces.

DSAparams_print_fp(3) -- print cryptographic parameters

A human-readable hexadecimal output of the components of the RSA key, DSA parameters or key or DH parameters is printed to bp or fp. The output lines are indented by offset spaces.

DSA_do_sign(3) -- raw DSA signature operations

DSA_do_sign() computes a digital signature on the len byte message digest dgst using the private key dsa and returns it in a newly allocated DSA_SIG structure. DSA_sign_setup(3) may be used to precomp...

DSA_do_verify(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

DSA_dup_DH(3) -- create a DH structure out of DSA structure

DSA_dup_DH() duplicates DSA parameters/keys as DH parameters/keys. q is lost during that conversion, but the resulting DH parameters contain its length.

DSA_free(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

DSA_generate_key(3) -- generate DSA key pair

DSA_generate_key() expects a to contain DSA parameters. It generates a new key pair and stores it in a->pub_key and a->priv_key. The PRNG must be seeded prior to calling DSA_gener- ate_key().

DSA_generate_parameters(3) -- generate DSA parameters

DSA_generate_parameters() generates primes p and q and a generator g for use in the DSA. bits is the length of the prime to be generated; the DSS allows a maximum of 1024 bits. If seed is NULL or seed...

DSA_get_default_method(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

DSA_get_default_openssl_method(3) -- select DSA method

A DSA_METHOD specifies the functions that OpenSSL uses for DSA operations. By modifying the method, alternative implementations such as hardware accelerators may be used. IMPORTANT: See the NOTES sect...

DSA_get_ex_data(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

DSA_get_ex_new_index(3) -- add application specific data to DSA structures

These functions handle application specific data in DSA structures. Their usage is identical to that of RSA_get_ex_new_index(), RSA_set_ex_data() and RSA_get_ex_data() as described in RSA_get_ex_new_i...

DSA_new(3) -- allocate and free DSA objects

DSA_new() allocates and initializes a DSA structure. It is equivalent to calling DSA_new_method(NULL). DSA_free() frees the DSA structure and its components. The values are erased before the memory is...

DSA_new_method(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

DSA_OpenSSL(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

DSA_print(3) -- print cryptographic parameters

A human-readable hexadecimal output of the components of the RSA key, DSA parameters or key or DH parameters is printed to bp or fp. The output lines are indented by offset spaces.

DSA_print_fp(3) -- print cryptographic parameters

A human-readable hexadecimal output of the components of the RSA key, DSA parameters or key or DH parameters is printed to bp or fp. The output lines are indented by offset spaces.

DSA_set_default_method(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

DSA_set_default_openssl_method(3) -- select DSA method

DSA_set_ex_data(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

DSA_set_method(3) -- select DSA method

DSA_sign(3) -- DSA signatures

DSA_sign() computes a digital signature on the len byte message digest dgst using the private key dsa and places its ASN.1 DER encoding at sigret. The length of the signature is places in *siglen. sig...

DSA_sign_setup(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

DSA_SIG_free(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

DSA_SIG_new(3) -- allocate and free DSA signature objects

DSA_SIG_new() allocates and initializes a DSA_SIG structure. DSA_SIG_free() frees the DSA_SIG structure and its components. The values are erased before the memory is returned to the system.

DSA_size(3) -- get DSA signature size

This function returns the size of an ASN.1 encoded DSA signature in bytes. It can be used to determine how much memory must be allocated for a DSA signature. dsa->q must not be NULL.

DSA_verify(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

dupwin(3) -- create curses windows

dup_field(3) -- create and destroy form fields

The function new_field allocates a new field and initializes it from the parameters given: height, width, row of upper-left corner, column of upper-left corner, number off-screen rows, and number of a...

dynamic_field_info(3) -- retrieve field characteristics

The function field_info returns the sizes and other attributes passed in to the field at its creation time. The attributes are: height, width, row of upper-left corner, column of upper-left corner, nu...

echo(3) -- curses input options

echochar(3) -- add a character (with attributes) to a curses window, then advance the cursor

ecvt(3) -- convert double to ASCII string

These functions are provided for compatibility with legacy code. New code should use the snprintf(3) function for improved safety and porta- bility. The ecvt(), fcvt() and gcvt() functions convert the...

edata(3) -- end boundaries of image segments

The global variables end, etext, and edata correspond to the next address following the end of the text segment, the end of initialized data segment, and the end of the data segment (BSS).

editline(3) -- line editor and history functions

The editline library provides generic line editing and history functions, similar to those found in sh(1). These functions are available in the libedit library (which needs the libcurses library). Pro...

el_deletestr(3) -- line editor and history functions

el_end(3) -- line editor and history functions

el_get(3) -- line editor and history functions

el_getc(3) -- line editor and history functions

el_gets(3) -- line editor and history functions

el_init(3) -- line editor and history functions

el_insertstr(3) -- line editor and history functions

el_line(3) -- line editor and history functions

el_parse(3) -- line editor and history functions

el_push(3) -- line editor and history functions

el_reset(3) -- line editor and history functions

el_resize(3) -- line editor and history functions

el_set(3) -- line editor and history functions

el_source(3) -- line editor and history functions

encrypt(3) -- DES encryption

end(3) -- end boundaries of image segments

The global variables end, etext, and edata correspond to the next address following the end of the text segment, the end of initialized data segment, and the end of the data segment (BSS).

endfsent(3) -- get file system descriptor file entry

The getfsent(), getfsspec(), and getfsfile() functions each return a pointer to an object with the following structure containing the brokenout fields of a line in the file system description file,

endgrent(3) -- group database operations

These functions operate on the group database file /etc/group which is described in group(5). Each line of the database is defined by the structure struct group found in the include file : stru...

endhostent(3) -- get network host entry

The gethostbyname(), gethostbyname2() and gethostbyaddr() functions each return a pointer to an object with the following structure describing an internet host referenced by name or by address, respec...

endnetent(3) -- get network entry

The getnetent(), getnetbyname(), and getnetbyaddr() functions each return a pointer to an object with the following structure containing the broken-out fields of a line in the network database, /etc/n...

endnetgrent(3) -- netgroup database operations

These functions operate on the netgroup database file /etc/netgroup.db which is described in netgroup(5). If that file does not exist, and the system supports YP, then the netgroup YP databases are us...

endprotoent(3) -- get protocol entry

The getprotoent(), getprotobyname(), and getprotobynumber() functions each return a pointer to an object with the following structure containing the broken-out fields of a line in the network protocol...

endpwent(3) -- password database operations

These functions operate on the password database file which is described in passwd(5). Each entry in the database is defined by the structure struct passwd found in the include file : struct pa...

endrpcent(3) -- get RPC entry

getrpcent(), getrpcbyname(), and getrpcbynumber(), each return a pointer to an object with the following structure containing the broken-out fields of a line in the rpc program number database, /etc/r...

endservent(3) -- get service entry

The getservent(), getservbyname(), and getservbyport() functions each return a pointer to an object with the following structure containing the broken-out fields of a line in the network services data...

endttyent(3) -- get ttys file entry

The getttyent() and getttynam() functions each return a pointer to an object, with the following structure, containing the brokenout fields of a line from the tty description file. struct ttyent { cha...

endusershell(3) -- get legal user shells

The getusershell() function returns a pointer to a legal user shell as defined by the system manager in the file /etc/shells. If /etc/shells is unreadable or does not exist, getusershell() behaves as ...

endwin(3) -- curses screen initialization and manipulation routines

erand48(3) -- pseudo-random number generators and initialization routines

erase(3) -- clear all or part of a curses window

erasechar(3) -- curses environment query routines

erf(3) -- error function operators

These functions calculate the error function of x. The erf() calculates the error function of x, and the erff() function is a single precision version of erf(). The error function is defined as: erf(x...

erfc(3) -- error function operators

erfcf(3) -- error function operators

erff(3) -- error function operators

err(3) -- formatted error messages

The err() and warn() family of functions display a formatted error message on the standard error output. In all cases, the last component of the program name, followed by a colon (`:') character and ...

errx(3) -- formatted error messages

ERR_add_error_data(3) -- record an error

ERR_put_error() adds an error code to the thread's error queue. It signals that the error of reason code reason occurred in function func of library lib, in line number line of file. This function is...

ERR_clear_error(3) -- clear the error queue

ERR_clear_error() empties the current thread's error queue.

ERR_error_string(3) -- obtain human-readable error message

ERR_error_string() generates a human-readable string representing the error code e, and places it at buf. buf must be at least 120 bytes long. If buf is NULL, the error string is placed in a static bu...

ERR_error_string_n(3) -- obtain human-readable error message

ERR_free_strings(3) -- load and free error strings

ERR_load_crypto_strings() registers the error strings for all libcrypto functions. SSL_load_error_strings() does the same, but also registers the libssl error strings. One of these functions should be...

ERR_func_error_string(3) -- obtain human-readable error message

ERR_get_error(3) -- obtain error code and data

ERR_get_error() returns the earliest error code from the thread's error queue and removes the entry. This function can be called repeatedly until there are no more error codes to return. ERR_peek_err...

ERR_get_error_line(3) -- obtain error code and data

ERR_get_error_line_data(3) -- obtain error code and data

ERR_GET_FUNC(3) -- get library, function and reason code

The error code returned by ERR_get_error() consists of a library number, function code and reason code. ERR_GET_LIB(), ERR_GET_FUNC() and ERR_GET_REASON() can be used to extract these. The library num...

ERR_GET_LIB(3) -- get library, function and reason code

ERR_get_next_error_library(3) -- load arbitrary error strings

ERR_load_strings() registers error strings for library number lib. str is an array of error string data: typedef struct ERR_string_data_st { unsigned long error; char *string; } ERR_STRING_DATA; The e...

ERR_GET_REASON(3) -- get library, function and reason code

ERR_lib_error_string(3) -- obtain human-readable error message

ERR_load_crypto_strings(3) -- load and free error strings

ERR_load_strings(3) -- load arbitrary error strings

ERR_PACK(3) -- load arbitrary error strings

ERR_peek_error(3) -- obtain error code and data

ERR_peek_error_line(3) -- obtain error code and data

ERR_peek_error_line_data(3) -- obtain error code and data

ERR_print_errors(3) -- print error messages

ERR_print_errors() is a convenience function that prints the error strings for all errors that OpenSSL has recorded to bp, thus emptying the error queue. ERR_print_errors_fp() is the same, except that...

ERR_print_errors_fp(3) -- print error messages

ERR_put_error(3) -- record an error

ERR_reason_error_string(3) -- obtain human-readable error message

ERR_remove_state(3) -- free a thread's error queue

ERR_remove_state() frees the error queue associated with thread pid. If pid == 0, the current thread will have its error queue removed. Since error queue data structures are allocated automatically fo...

etext(3) -- end boundaries of image segments

The global variables end, etext, and edata correspond to the next address following the end of the text segment, the end of initialized data segment, and the end of the data segment (BSS).

ethers(3) -- get ethers entry

Ethernet addresses are represented by the following structure: struct ether_addr { u_int8_t ether_addr_octet[6]; }; The ether_ntoa() function converts this structure into an ASCII string of the form `...

ether_addr(3) -- get ethers entry

ether_aton(3) -- get ethers entry

ether_hostton(3) -- get ethers entry

ether_line(3) -- get ethers entry

ether_ntoa(3) -- get ethers entry

ether_ntohost(3) -- get ethers entry

etob(3) -- S/Key library functions

evbuffer_add(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

evbuffer_add_buffer(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

evbuffer_add_printf(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

evbuffer_drain(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

evbuffer_find(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

evbuffer_free(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

evbuffer_new(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

evbuffer_read(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

evbuffer_write(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

event(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

event_add(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

event_del(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

event_dispatch(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

event_init(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

event_initialized(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

event_loop(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

event_loopexit(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

event_once(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

event_pending(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

event_set(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

EVP_BytesToKey(3) -- password based encryption routine

EVP_BytesToKey() derives a key and IV from various parameters. type is the cipher to derive the key and IV for. md is the message digest to use. The salt paramter is used as a salt in the derivation: ...

EVP_CipherFinal(3) -- EVP cipher routines

The EVP cipher routines are a high level interface to certain symmetric ciphers. EVP_CIPHER_CTX_init() initializes cipher contex ctx. EVP_EncryptInit_ex() sets up cipher context ctx for encryption wit...

EVP_CipherInit(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CipherUpdate(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_asn1_to_param(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_block_size(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_CTX_block_size(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_CTX_ctrl(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_length(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_CTX_key_length(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_CTX_nid(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_key_length(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_CTX_type(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_iv_length(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_key_length(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_nid(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_param_to_asn1(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_CIPHER_type(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_cleanup(3) -- add algorithms to internal table

OpenSSL keeps an internal table of digest algorithms and ciphers. It uses this table to lookup ciphers via functions such as EVP_get_cipher_byname(). OpenSSL_add_all_digests() adds all digest algorith...

EVP_DecryptFinal(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_DecryptInit(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_DecryptUpdate(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_DigestFinal(3) -- EVP digest routines

The EVP digest routines are a high level interface to message digests. EVP_MD_CTX_init() initializes digest contet ctx. EVP_MD_CTX_create() allocates, initializes and returns a digest contet. EVP_Dige...

EVP_DigestInit(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_DigestUpdate(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_dss(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_dss1(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_EncryptFinal(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_EncryptInit(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_EncryptUpdate(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_get_cipherbyname(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_get_cipherbynid(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_get_cipherbyobj(3) -- EVP cipher routines

EVP_get_digestbyname(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_get_digestbynid(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_get_digestbyobj(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_md2(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_md5(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_mdc2(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_MD_block_size(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_MD_CTX_block_size(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_MD_CTX_copy(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_MD_CTX_md(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_MD_CTX_size(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_MD_CTX_type(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_md_null(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_MD_pkey_type(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_MD_size(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_MD_type(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_OpenFinal(3) -- EVP envelope decryption

The EVP envelope routines are a high level interface to envelope decryption. They decrypt a public key encrypted symmetric key and then decrypt data using it. EVP_OpenInit() initializes a cipher conte...

EVP_OpenInit(3) -- EVP envelope decryption

EVP_OpenUpdate(3) -- EVP envelope decryption

EVP_PKEY_size(3) -- EVP signing functions

The EVP signature routines are a high level interface to digital signatures. EVP_SignInit_ex() sets up signing context ctx to use digest type from ENGINE impl. ctx must be initialized with EVP_MD_CTX_...

EVP_ripemd160(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_SealFinal(3) -- EVP envelope encryption

The EVP envelope routines are a high level interface to envelope encryption. They generate a random key and IV (if required) then "envelope" it by using public key encryption. Data can then be encry...

EVP_SealInit(3) -- EVP envelope encryption

EVP_SealUpdate(3) -- EVP envelope encryption

EVP_sha(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_sha1(3) -- EVP digest routines

EVP_SignFinal(3) -- EVP signing functions

EVP_SignInit(3) -- EVP signing functions

EVP_SignUpdate(3) -- EVP signing functions

EVP_VerifyFinal(3) -- EVP signature verification functions

The EVP signature verification routines are a high level interface to digital signatures. EVP_VerifyInit_ex() sets up verification context ctx to use digest type from ENGINE impl. ctx must be initiali...

EVP_VerifyInit(3) -- EVP signature verification functions

EVP_VerifyUpdate(3) -- EVP signature verification functions

evtimer_add(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

evtimer_del(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

evtimer_initialized(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

evtimer_pending(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

evtimer_set(3) -- execute a function when a specific event occurs

exec(3) -- execute a file

The exec family of functions replace the current process image with a new process image. The functions described in this manual page are frontends for the function execve(2). (See the manual page for ...

execl(3) -- execute a file

execle(3) -- execute a file

execlp(3) -- execute a file

execv(3) -- execute a file

execvp(3) -- execute a file

exit(3) -- perform normal program termination

The exit() and _Exit() functions terminate a process. Before termination, exit() performs the following operations in the order listed: 1. Call the functions registered with the atexit(3) function, in...

exp(3) -- exponential, logarithm, power functions

The exp() function computes the exponential value of the given argument x. The expf() function is a single precision version of exp(). The expm1() function computes the value exp(x)-1 accurately even ...

expf(3) -- exponential, logarithm, power functions

expm1(3) -- exponential, logarithm, power functions

expm1f(3) -- exponential, logarithm, power functions

extattr(3) -- convert an extended attribute namespace identifier to a string and vice versa

The extattr_namespace_to_string() function converts a VFS extended attribute identifier to a human-readable string; the extattr_string_to_namespace() function undoes the aforementioned operation, and ...

extattr_namespace_to_string(3) -- convert an extended attribute namespace identifier to a string and vice versa

extattr_string_to_namespace(3) -- convert an extended attribute namespace identifier to a string and vice versa

f(3) -- S/Key library functions

fabs(3) -- floating-point absolute value functions

The fabs() function computes the absolute value of a floating-point number x. The fabsf() function is a single precision version of fabs().

fabsf(3) -- floating-point absolute value functions

The fabs() function computes the absolute value of a floating-point number x. The fabsf() function is a single precision version of fabs().

fclose(3) -- close a stream

The fclose() function dissociates the named stream from its underlying file or set of functions. If the stream was being used for output, any buffered data is written first, using fflush(3).

fcvt(3) -- convert double to ASCII string

fdopen(3) -- stream open functions

The fopen() function opens the file whose name is the string pointed to by path and associates a stream with it. The argument mode points to a string beginning with one of the following sequences (add...

FD_CLR(3) -- synchronous I/O multiplexing

select() examines the I/O descriptor sets whose addresses are passed in readfds, writefds, and exceptfds to see if some of their descriptors are ready for reading, are ready for writing, or have an ex...

FD_ISSET(3) -- synchronous I/O multiplexing

FD_SET(3) -- synchronous I/O multiplexing

FD_ZERO(3) -- synchronous I/O multiplexing

feof(3) -- check and reset stream status

ferror(3) -- check and reset stream status

fetch(3) -- database subroutines

fflagstostr(3) -- convert between file flag bits and their string names

The fflagstostr() function returns a comma separated string of the file flags represented by flags. If no flags are set a zero length string is returned. If memory cannot be allocated for the return v...

fflush(3) -- flush a stream

The function fflush() forces a write of all buffered data for the given output or update stream via the stream's underlying write function. The open status of the stream is unaffected. If the stream ...

ffs(3) -- find first bit set in a bit string

The ffs() function finds the first bit set in value and returns the index of that bit. Bits are numbered starting from 1, starting at the rightmost bit. A return value of 0 means that the argument was...

fgetc(3) -- get next character or word from input stream

The fgetc() function obtains the next input character (if present) from the stream pointed at by stream, or the next character pushed back on the stream via ungetc(3). The getc() function acts essenti...

fgetln(3) -- get a line from a stream

The fgetln() function returns a pointer to the next line from the stream referenced by stream. This line is not a C string as it does not end with a terminating NUL character. The length of the line, ...

fgetpos(3) -- reposition a stream

The fseek() function sets the file position indicator for the stream pointed to by stream. The new position, measured in bytes, is obtained by adding offset bytes to the position specified by whence. ...

fgets(3) -- get a line from a stream

The fgets() function reads at most one less than the number of characters specified by size from the given stream and stores them in the string str. Reading stops when a newline character is found, at...

field_arg(3) -- data type validation for fields

The function set_field_type declares a data type for a given form field. This is the type checked by validation functions. The types are as follows: TYPE_ALNUM Alphanumeric data. Requires a third int ...

field_back(3) -- color and attribute control for form fields

The function set_field_fore sets the foreground attribute of field. This is the highlight used to display the field contents. The function field_fore returns the foreground attribute. The default is A...

field_buffer(3) -- field buffer control

The function set_field_buffer sets the numbered buffer of the given field to contain a given string. Buffer 0 is the displayed value of the field; other numbered buffers may be allocated by applicatio...

field_count(3) -- make and break connections between fields and forms

The function set_form_fields changes the field pointer array of the given form. The array must be terminated by a NULL. The function form_fields returns the field array of the given form. The function...

field_fore(3) -- color and attribute control for form fields

field_index(3) -- set and get form page number

field_info(3) -- retrieve field characteristics

field_init(3) -- set hooks for automatic invocation by applications

These functions make it possible to set hook functions to be called at various points in the automatic processing of input event codes by form_driver. The function set_field_init sets a hook to be cal...

field_just(3) -- retrieve field characteristics

The function set_field_just sets the justification attribute of a field; field_just returns a field's justification attribute. The attribute may be one of NO_JUSTIFICATION, JUSTIFY_RIGHT, JUSTIFY_LEF...

field_opts(3) -- set and get field options

The function set_field_opts sets all the given field's option bits (field option bits may be logically OR'ed together). The function field_opts_on turns on the given option bits, and leaves others a...

field_opts_off(3) -- set and get field options

field_opts_on(3) -- set and get field options

field_pad(3) -- color and attribute control for form fields

field_status(3) -- field buffer control

field_term(3) -- set hooks for automatic invocation by applications

field_type(3) -- data type validation for fields

field_userptr(3) -- associate application data with a form field

Every form field has a field that can be used to hold application-specific data (that is, the form-driver code leaves it alone). These functions get and set that field.

fileno(3) -- check and reset stream status

filter(3) -- miscellaneous curses utility routines

finite(3) -- functions for IEEE arithmetic

finitef(3) -- functions for IEEE arithmetic

firstkey(3) -- database subroutines

flash(3) -- curses bell and screen flash routines

flockfile(3) -- application level locking of stdio files

The flockfile(), ftrylockfile(), and funlockfile() functions provide for explicit application-level locking of stdio FILE * objects. These functions can be used by a thread to delineate a sequence of ...

floor(3) -- round to largest integral value not greater than x

The floor() function returns the largest integral value less than or equal to x. The floorf() function is a single precision version of floor().

floorf(3) -- round to largest integral value not greater than x

The floor() function returns the largest integral value less than or equal to x. The floorf() function is a single precision version of floor().

flushinp(3) -- miscellaneous curses utility routines

fmod(3) -- floating-point remainder functions

The fmod() function computes the floating-point remainder of x/ y. The fmodf() function is a single precision version of fmod().

fmodf(3) -- floating-point remainder functions

The fmod() function computes the floating-point remainder of x/ y. The fmodf() function is a single precision version of fmod().

fmt_scaled(3) -- handle numbers with a human-readable scale

The scan_scaled() function scans the given number and looks for a terminal scale multiplier of B, K, M, G, T, P or E (in either upper or lower case) for Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte, P...

fnmatch(3) -- match filename or pathname using shell globbing rules

The fnmatch() function matches patterns according to the globbing rules used by the shell. It checks the string specified by the string argument to see if it matches the pattern specified by the patte...

fopen(3) -- stream open functions

forkpty(3) -- tty utility functions

The openpty(), login_tty(), and forkpty() functions perform manipulations on ttys and pseudo-ttys. The openpty() function finds an available pseudo-tty and returns file descriptors for the master and ...

form(3) -- curses extension for programming forms

The form library provides terminal-independent facilities for composing form screens on character-cell terminals. The library includes: field routines, which create and modify form fields; and form ro...

form_cursor(3) -- position a form window cursor

The function pos_form_cursor restores the cursor to the position required for the forms driver to continue processing requests. This is useful after curses routines have been called to do screen-paint...

form_data(3) -- test for off-screen data in given forms

form_driver(3) -- command-processing loop of the form system

Once a form has been posted (displayed), you should funnel input events to it through form_driver. This routine has two major input cases; either the input is a form navigation request or it's a prin...

form_field(3) -- make and break connections between fields and forms

form_fields(3) -- make and break connections between fields and forms

form_fieldtype(3) -- define validation-field types

The function new_fieldtype creates a new field type usable for data validation. You supply it with field_check, a predicate to check the validity of an entered data string whenever the user attempts t...

form_field_attributes(3) -- color and attribute control for form fields

form_field_buffer(3) -- field buffer control

form_field_info(3) -- retrieve field characteristics

form_field_just(3) -- retrieve field characteristics

form_field_new(3) -- create and destroy form fields

form_field_opts(3) -- set and get field options

form_field_userptr(3) -- associate application data with a form field

Every form field has a field that can be used to hold application-specific data (that is, the form-driver code leaves it alone). These functions get and set that field.

form_field_validation(3) -- data type validation for fields

form_hook(3) -- set hooks for automatic invocation by applications

form_init(3) -- set hooks for automatic invocation by applications

form_new(3) -- create and destroy forms

The function new_form creates a new form connected to a specified field pointer array (which must be NULL-terminated). The function free_form disconnects form from its field array and frees the storag...

form_new_page(3) -- form pagination functions

The function set_new_page sets or resets a flag marking the given field as the beginning of a new page on its form. The function new_page is a predicate which tests if a given field marks a page begin...

form_opts(3) -- set and get form options

The function set_form_opts sets all the given form's option bits (form option bits may be logically OR'ed together). The function form_opts_on turns on the given option bits, and leaves others alone...

form_opts_off(3) -- set and get form options

form_opts_on(3) -- set and get form options

form_page(3) -- set and get form page number

form_post(3) -- write or erase forms from associated subwindows

The function post_form displays a form to its associated subwindow. To trigger physical display of the subwindow, use refresh or some equivalent curses routine (the implicit doupdate triggered by an c...

form_requestname(3) -- handle printable form request names

The function form_request_name returns the printable name of a form request code. The function form_request_by_name searches in the nametable for a request with the given name and returns its request ...

form_request_by_name(3) -- handle printable form request names

form_request_name(3) -- handle printable form request names

form_sub(3) -- make and break form window and subwindow associations

Every form has an associated pair of curses windows. The form window displays any title and border associated with the window; the form subwindow displays the items of the form that are currently avai...

form_term(3) -- set hooks for automatic invocation by applications

form_userptr(3) -- associate application data with a form item

Every form and every form item has a field that can be used to hold application-specific data (that is, the formdriver code leaves it alone). These functions get and set the form user pointer field.

form_win(3) -- make and break form window and subwindow associations

fparseln(3) -- return the next logical line from a stream

The fparseln() function returns a pointer to the next logical line from the stream referenced by stream. This string is null terminated and dynamically allocated on each invocation. It is the responsi...

fpgetmask(3) -- IEEE FP mode control

A rounding mode is one of FP_RZ, FP_RM, FP_RN, or FP_RP, for rounding towards zero, rounding (Minus infinity) down, rounding to nearest, and rounding (Plus infinity) up. The default mode is FP_RN. An ...

fpgetround(3) -- IEEE FP mode control

fpgetsticky(3) -- IEEE FP mode control

fprintf(3) -- formatted output conversion

fpsetmask(3) -- IEEE FP mode control

fpsetround(3) -- IEEE FP mode control

fpsetsticky(3) -- IEEE FP mode control

fpurge(3) -- flush a stream

fputc(3) -- output a character or word to a stream

The fputc() function writes the character c (converted to an unsigned char) to the output stream pointed to by stream. putc() acts essentially identically to fputc(), but is a macro that expands in-li...

fputs(3) -- output a line to a stream

The function fputs() writes the string pointed to by str to the stream pointed to by stream. The function puts() writes the string str, and a terminating newline character, to the stream stdout.

fread(3) -- binary stream input/output

The function fread() reads nmemb objects, each size bytes long, from the stream pointed to by stream, storing them at the location given by ptr. The function fwrite() writes nmemb objects, each size b...

free(3) -- memory allocation and deallocation

freeaddrinfo(3) -- nodename-to-address translation

The getaddrinfo() function is defined for protocol-independent nodenameto-address translation. It performs the functionality of gethostbyname(3) and getservbyname(3), but in a more sophisticated manne...

freeifaddrs(3) -- get interface addresses

The getifaddrs() function stores a reference to a linked list of the network interfaces on the local machine in the memory referenced by ifap. The list consists of ifaddrs structures, as defined in th...

freerrset(3) -- retrieve DNS records

getrrsetbyname() gets a set of resource records associated with a hostname, rdclass and rdtype. hostname is a pointer a to null-terminated string. The flags field is currently unused and must be zero....

free_field(3) -- create and destroy form fields

free_fieldtype(3) -- define validation-field types

free_form(3) -- create and destroy forms

free_item(3) -- create and destroy menu items

The function new_item allocates a new item and initializes it from the name and description pointers. Please notice that the item stores only the pointers to the name and description. Those pointers m...

free_menu(3) -- create and destroy menus

The function new_menu creates a new menu connected to a specified item pointer array (which must be NULL-terminated). The function free_menu disconnects menu from its item array and frees the storage ...

freopen(3) -- stream open functions

frexp(3) -- convert floating-point number to fractional and integral components

The frexp() function breaks a floating-point number into a normalized fraction and an integral power of 2. It stores the integer in the int object pointed to by exp.

fropen(3) -- open a stream

The funopen() function associates a stream with up to four ``I/O functions''. Either readfn or writefn must be specified; the others can be given as an appropriately typed NULL pointer. These I/O fu...

fscanf(3) -- input format conversion

The scanf() family of functions read input according to the given format as described below. This format may contain ``conversion specifiers''; the results of such conversions, if any, are stored th...

fseek(3) -- reposition a stream

fseeko(3) -- reposition a stream

fsetpos(3) -- reposition a stream

ftell(3) -- reposition a stream

ftello(3) -- reposition a stream

ftime(3) -- get date and time

This interface is obsoleted by gettimeofday(2). It is available from the compatibility library, libcompat. The ftime() routine fills in a structure pointed to by its argument, as defined by

ftok(3) -- create IPC identifier from a pathname

The ftok() function attempts to create a unique key suitable for use with the msgget(2), semget(2) and shmget(2) functions given the path of an existing file and a user-selectable id. The specified pa...

ftrylockfile(3) -- application level locking of stdio files

fts(3) -- traverse a file hierarchy

The fts functions are provided for traversing UNIX file hierarchies. The fts_open() function returns a ``handle'' on a file hierarchy, which is then supplied to the other fts functions. The function...

fts_children(3) -- traverse a file hierarchy

fts_close(3) -- traverse a file hierarchy

fts_open(3) -- traverse a file hierarchy

fts_read(3) -- traverse a file hierarchy

fts_set(3) -- traverse a file hierarchy

ftw(3) -- traverse (walk) a file tree

These functions are provided for compatibility with legacy code. New code should use the fts(3) functions. The ftw() and nftw() functions traverse (walk) the directory hierarchy rooted in path. For ea...

funlockfile(3) -- application level locking of stdio files

funopen(3) -- open a stream

fwopen(3) -- open a stream

fwrite(3) -- binary stream input/output

gai_strerror(3) -- nodename-to-address translation

gamma(3) -- log gamma functions

gammaf(3) -- log gamma functions

gcvt(3) -- convert double to ASCII string

getaddrinfo(3) -- nodename-to-address translation

getbegyx(3) -- get curses cursor and window coordinates

getbkgd(3) -- curses window background manipulation routines

getbsize(3) -- get user block size

The getbsize() function determines the user's preferred block size based on the value of the BLOCKSIZE environment variable; see environ(7) for details on its use and format. The getbsize() function ...

getc(3) -- get next character or word from input stream

getcap(3) -- capability database access routines

getch(3) -- get (or push back) characters from curses terminal keyboard

getchar(3) -- get next character or word from input stream

getchar_unlocked(3) -- get next character from stream, efficiently

The getc_unlocked() and getchar_unlocked() functions are equivalent to their locked counterparts, getc(3) and getchar(3). However, getc_unlocked() and getchar_unlocked() assume that the relevant strea...

getcwd(3) -- get working directory pathname

The getcwd() function copies the absolute pathname of the current working directory into the memory referenced by buf and returns a pointer to buf. The size argument is the size, in bytes, of the arra...

getc_unlocked(3) -- get next character from stream, efficiently

getdiskbyname(3) -- get generic disk description by its name

The getdiskbyname() function takes a disk name (e.g., "rm03") and returns a prototype disk label describing its geometry information and the standard disk partition tables. All information is obtain...

getdomainname(3) -- get/set YP domain name of current host

The getdomainname() function returns the YP domain name for the current processor, as previously set by setdomainname(). The parameter namelen specifies the size of the name array. If insufficient spa...

getdtablesize(3) -- get descriptor table size

Each process has a fixed size descriptor table, which is guaranteed to have at least 20 slots. The entries in the descriptor table are numbered with small integers starting at 0. The call getdtablesiz...

getenv(3) -- environment variable functions

These functions set, unset, and fetch environment variables from the host environment list. For compatibility with differing environment conventions, the given arguments name and value may be appended...

getfsent(3) -- get file system descriptor file entry

The getfsent(), getfsspec(), and getfsfile() functions each return a pointer to an object with the following structure containing the brokenout fields of a line in the file system description file,

getfsfile(3) -- get file system descriptor file entry

The getfsent(), getfsspec(), and getfsfile() functions each return a pointer to an object with the following structure containing the brokenout fields of a line in the file system description file,

getfsspec(3) -- get file system descriptor file entry

The getfsent(), getfsspec(), and getfsfile() functions each return a pointer to an object with the following structure containing the brokenout fields of a line in the file system description file,

getfstype(3) -- get file system descriptor file entry

The getfsent(), getfsspec(), and getfsfile() functions each return a pointer to an object with the following structure containing the brokenout fields of a line in the file system description file,

getgrent(3) -- group database operations

These functions operate on the group database file /etc/group which is described in group(5). Each line of the database is defined by the structure struct group found in the include file : stru...

getgrgid(3) -- group database operations

These functions operate on the group database file /etc/group which is described in group(5). Each line of the database is defined by the structure struct group found in the include file : stru...

getgrgid_r(3) -- group database operations

These functions operate on the group database file /etc/group which is described in group(5). Each line of the database is defined by the structure struct group found in the include file : stru...

getgrnam(3) -- group database operations

These functions operate on the group database file /etc/group which is described in group(5). Each line of the database is defined by the structure struct group found in the include file : stru...

getgrnam_r(3) -- group database operations

These functions operate on the group database file /etc/group which is described in group(5). Each line of the database is defined by the structure struct group found in the include file : stru...

getgrouplist(3) -- calculate group access list

The getgrouplist() function reads through the group file and calculates the group access list for the user specified in name. The basegid is automatically included in the groups list. Typically this v...

gethostbyaddr(3) -- get network host entry

gethostbyname(3) -- get network host entry

gethostbyname2(3) -- get network host entry

gethostent(3) -- get network host entry

gethostid(3) -- get/set unique identifier of current host

The sethostid() function establishes a 32-bit identifier for the current processor that is intended to be unique among all UNIX systems in existence. This is normally a DARPA Internet address for the ...

gethostname(3) -- get/set name of current host

The gethostname() function returns the standard host name for the current processor, as previously set by sethostname(). The parameter namelen specifies the size of the name array. If insufficient spa...

getifaddrs(3) -- get interface addresses

getloadavg(3) -- get system load averages

The getloadavg() function returns the number of processes in the system run queue averaged over various periods of time. Up to nelem samples are retrieved and assigned to successive elements of loadav...

getmaxpartitions(3) -- get the maximum number of partitions allowed per disk

getmaxpartitions() returns the number of partitions that are allowed per disk on the system.

getmaxyx(3) -- get curses cursor and window coordinates

getmntinfo(3) -- get information about mounted file systems

The getmntinfo() function returns an array of statfs structures describing each currently mounted file system (see statfs(2)). The getmntinfo() function passes its flags parameter transparently to get...

getmode(3) -- modify mode bits

The getmode() function returns a copy of the file permission bits mode as altered by the values pointed to by set. While only the mode bits are altered, other parts of the file mode may be examined. T...

getmouse(3) -- mouse interface through curses

getnameinfo(3) -- address-to-nodename translation in protocolindependent manner

The getnameinfo() function is defined for protocol-independent addressto-nodename translation. Its functionality is a reverse conversion of getaddrinfo(3), and implements similar functionality to geth...

getnetbyaddr(3) -- get network entry

getnetbyname(3) -- get network entry

getnetent(3) -- get network entry

getnetgrent(3) -- netgroup database operations

getnstr(3) -- accept character strings from curses terminal keyboard

getopt(3) -- get option character from command line argument list

The getopt() function incrementally parses a command line argument list argv and returns the next known option character. An option character is known if it has been specified in the string of accepte...

getopt_long(3) -- get long options from command line argument list

The getopt_long() function is similar to getopt(3) but it accepts options in two forms: words and characters. The getopt_long() function provides a superset of the functionality of getopt(3). getopt_l...

getopt_long_only(3) -- get long options from command line argument list

getpagesize(3) -- get system page size

This interface is obsoleted by sysconf(3). Use sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE). The getpagesize() function returns the number of bytes in a page. Page granularity is the granularity of many of the memory manage...

getparyx(3) -- get curses cursor and window coordinates

getpass(3) -- get a password

The getpass() function displays a prompt to, and reads in a password from, /dev/tty. If this file is not accessible, getpass() displays the prompt on the standard error output and reads from the stand...

getprotobyname(3) -- get protocol entry

getprotobynumber(3) -- get protocol entry

getprotoent(3) -- get protocol entry

getpwent(3) -- password database operations

These functions operate on the password database file which is described in passwd(5). Each entry in the database is defined by the structure struct passwd found in the include file : struct pa...

getpwnam(3) -- password database operations

These functions operate on the password database file which is described in passwd(5). Each entry in the database is defined by the structure struct passwd found in the include file : struct pa...

getpwuid(3) -- password database operations

These functions operate on the password database file which is described in passwd(5). Each entry in the database is defined by the structure struct passwd found in the include file : struct pa...

getrawpartition(3) -- get the system ``raw'' partition

getrawpartition() returns the partition number (`a' == 0, `b' == 1, ...) of the ``raw'' partition of the system's disks. The ``raw'' partition is defined as the partition which provides access ...

getrpcbyname(3) -- get RPC entry

getrpcbynumber(3) -- get RPC entry

getrpcent(3) -- get RPC entry

getrpcport(3) -- get RPC port number

getrpcport() returns the port number for version versnum of the RPC program prognum running on host and using protocol proto. It returns 0 if it cannot contact the portmapper, or if prognum is not reg...

getrrsetbyname(3) -- retrieve DNS records

gets(3) -- get a line from a stream

getservbyname(3) -- get service entry

getservbyport(3) -- get service entry

getservent(3) -- get service entry

getstr(3) -- accept character strings from curses terminal keyboard

getsubopt(3) -- get sub options from an argument

The getsubopt() function parses a string containing tokens delimited by one or more tab, space or comma (`,') characters. It is intended for use in parsing groups of option arguments provided as part...

getsyx(3) -- low-level curses routines

getttyent(3) -- get ttys file entry

getttynam(3) -- get ttys file entry

getusershell(3) -- get legal user shells

getw(3) -- get next character or word from input stream

getwd(3) -- get working directory pathname

getwin(3) -- miscellaneous curses utility routines

getyx(3) -- get curses cursor and window coordinates

get_myaddress(3) -- library routines for remote procedure calls

glob(3) -- generate pathnames matching a pattern

The glob() function is a pathname generator that implements the rules for file name pattern matching used by the shell. The include file defines the structure type glob_t, which contains at l...

globfree(3) -- generate pathnames matching a pattern

The glob() function is a pathname generator that implements the rules for file name pattern matching used by the shell. The include file defines the structure type glob_t, which contains at l...

gmtime(3) -- convert date and time to ASCII

gmtime_r(3) -- convert date and time to ASCII

group_from_gid(3) -- cache password and group entries

The user_from_uid() function returns the user name associated with the argument uid. The user name is cached so that multiple calls with the same uid do not require additional calls to getpwuid(3). If...

gtty(3) -- set and get terminal state (defunct)

These interfaces are obsoleted by ioctl(2). They are available from the compatibility library, libcompat. The stty() function sets the state of the terminal associated with fd. The gtty() function ret...

gzclearerr(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzclose(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzdopen(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzeof(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzerror(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzflush(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzgetc(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzgets(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzopen(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzprintf(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzputc(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzputs(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzread(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzrewind(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzseek(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzsetparams(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gztell(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzungetc(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

gzwrite(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

halfdelay(3) -- curses input options

hash(3) -- hash database access method

The routine dbopen() is the library interface to database files. One of the supported file formats is hash files. The general description of the database access methods is in dbopen(3). This manual pa...

has_colors(3) -- curses color manipulation routines

has_ic(3) -- curses environment query routines

has_il(3) -- curses environment query routines

has_key(3) -- get (or push back) characters from curses terminal keyboard

hcreate(3) -- manage hash search table

The hcreate(), hdestroy() and hsearch() functions manage hash search tables. The hcreate() function allocates and initializes the table. The nel argument specifies an estimate of the maximum number of...

hdestroy(3) -- manage hash search table

heapsort(3) -- sort functions

The qsort() function is a modified partition-exchange sort, or quicksort. The heapsort() function is a modified selection sort. The mergesort() function is a modified merge sort with exponential searc...

herror(3) -- get network host entry

hide_panel(3) -- panel stack extension for curses

hid_dispose_report_desc(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

hid_end_parse(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

hid_get_data(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

hid_get_item(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

hid_get_report_desc(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

hid_init(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

hid_locate(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

hid_parse_usage_in_page(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

hid_parse_usage_page(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

hid_report_size(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

hid_set_data(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

hid_start(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

hid_start_parse(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

hid_usage_in_page(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

hid_usage_page(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

hid_use_report_desc(3) -- USB HID access routines

The usbhid library provides routines to extract data from USB Human Interface Devices. INTRODUCTION [Toc] [Back] USB HID devices send and receive data laid out in a device dependent way. The usb...

history(3) -- line editor and history functions

history_end(3) -- line editor and history functions

history_init(3) -- line editor and history functions

hline(3) -- create curses borders, horizontal and vertical lines

HMAC(3) -- HMAC message authentication code

HMAC is a MAC (message authentication code), i.e. a keyed hash function used for message authentication, which is based on a hash function. HMAC() computes the message authentication code of the n byt...

HMAC_cleanup(3) -- HMAC message authentication code

HMAC_Final(3) -- HMAC message authentication code

HMAC_Init(3) -- HMAC message authentication code

HMAC_Update(3) -- HMAC message authentication code

hosts_access(3) -- tcp wrapper access control library

The routines described in this document are part of the libwrap.a library. They implement a rule-based access control language with optional shell commands that are executed when a rule fires. request...

hosts_ctl(3) -- tcp wrapper access control library

hsearch(3) -- manage hash search table

hstrerror(3) -- get network host entry

htobe16(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

htobe32(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

htobe64(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

htoi(3) -- S/Key library functions

htole16(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

htole32(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

htole64(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

htonl(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

htons(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

hypot(3) -- Euclidean distance and complex absolute value functions

hypotf(3) -- Euclidean distance and complex absolute value functions

i2d_DHparams(3) -- PKCS#3 DH parameter functions.

i2d_DSAparams(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

i2d_DSAPrivateKey(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

i2d_DSAPublicKey(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

i2d_DSA_SIG(3) -- Digital Signature Algorithm

i2d_Netscape_RSA(3) -- RSA public and private key encoding functions.

i2d_RSAPrivateKey(3) -- RSA public and private key encoding functions.

i2d_RSAPublicKey(3) -- RSA public and private key encoding functions.

i2d_SSL_SESSION(3) -- convert SSL_SESSION object from/to ASN1 representation

idcok(3) -- curses output options

idlok(3) -- curses output options

ieee(3) -- functions for IEEE arithmetic

ieeef(3) -- functions for IEEE arithmetic

if_freenameindex(3) -- convert interface index to name, and vice versa

These functions map interface indexes to interface names (such as ``lo0''), and vice versa. The if_nametoindex() function converts an interface name specified by the ifname argument to an interface ...

if_indextoname(3) -- convert interface index to name, and vice versa

if_nameindex(3) -- convert interface index to name, and vice versa

if_nametoindex(3) -- convert interface index to name, and vice versa

ilogb(3) -- functions for IEEE arithmetic

ilogbf(3) -- functions for IEEE arithmetic

immedok(3) -- curses output options

inch(3) -- get a character and attributes from a curses window

inchnstr(3) -- get a string of characters (and attributes) from a curses window

inchstr(3) -- get a string of characters (and attributes) from a curses window

index(3) -- locate first occurrence of a character in a string

The strchr() function locates the first occurrence of the character c in the string s. The terminating NUL character is considered part of the string. If c is ` ', strchr() locates the terminating ` ...

inet(3) -- Internet address manipulation routines

inet6_option_alloc(3) -- IPv6 Hop-byHop and Destination Options manipulation

Building and parsing the Hop-by-Hop and Destination options is complicated due to alignment constraints, padding and ancillary data manipulation. RFC 2292 defines a set of functions to help the applic...

inet6_option_append(3) -- IPv6 Hop-byHop and Destination Options manipulation

inet6_option_find(3) -- IPv6 Hop-byHop and Destination Options manipulation

inet6_option_init(3) -- IPv6 Hop-byHop and Destination Options manipulation

inet6_option_next(3) -- IPv6 Hop-byHop and Destination Options manipulation

inet6_option_space(3) -- IPv6 Hop-byHop and Destination Options manipulation

inet6_rthdr_add(3) -- IPv6 Routing Header Options manipulation

RFC 2292 IPv6 advanced API defines eight functions that the application calls to build and examine a Routing header. Four functions build a Routing header: inet6_rthdr_space() return #bytes required f...

inet6_rthdr_getaddr(3) -- IPv6 Routing Header Options manipulation

inet6_rthdr_getflags(3) -- IPv6 Routing Header Options manipulation

inet6_rthdr_init(3) -- IPv6 Routing Header Options manipulation

inet6_rthdr_lasthop(3) -- IPv6 Routing Header Options manipulation

inet6_rthdr_reverse(3) -- IPv6 Routing Header Options manipulation

inet6_rthdr_segments(3) -- IPv6 Routing Header Options manipulation

inet6_rthdr_space(3) -- IPv6 Routing Header Options manipulation

inet_addr(3) -- Internet address manipulation routines

inet_aton(3) -- Internet address manipulation routines

inet_lnaof(3) -- Internet address manipulation routines

inet_makeaddr(3) -- Internet address manipulation routines

inet_net(3) -- Internet network number manipulation routines

The inet_net_ntop() function converts an Internet network number from network format (usually a struct in_addr or some other binary form, in network byte order) to CIDR presentation format (suitable f...

inet_netof(3) -- Internet address manipulation routines

inet_network(3) -- Internet address manipulation routines

inet_net_ntop(3) -- Internet network number manipulation routines

inet_net_pton(3) -- Internet network number manipulation routines

inet_ntoa(3) -- Internet address manipulation routines

inet_ntop(3) -- Internet address manipulation routines

inet_pton(3) -- Internet address manipulation routines

inflate(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

inflateBack(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

inflateBackEnd(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

inflateBackInit(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

inflateCopy(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

inflateEnd(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

inflateInit(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

inflateInit2(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

inflateReset(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

inflateSetDictionary(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

inflateSync(3) -- zlib general purpose compression library

infnan(3) -- signals invalid floating-point operations on a VAX (temporary)

At some time in the future, some of the useful properties of the Infinities and NaNs in the IEEE standard 754 for Binary FloatingPoint Arithmetic will be simulated in UNIX on the DEC VAX by using its ...

initgroups(3) -- initialize supplementary group IDs

The initgroups() function uses the getgrouplist(3) function to calculate the supplementary group IDs for the user specified in name. This group list is then set up for the current process using setgro...

initscr(3) -- curses screen initialization and manipulation routines

initstate(3) -- better random number generator; routines for changing generators

The random() function uses a non-linear additive feedback random number generator employing a default table of size 31 long integers to return successive pseudo-random numbers in the range from 0 to (...

init_color(3) -- curses color manipulation routines

init_pair(3) -- curses color manipulation routines

innetgr(3) -- netgroup database operations

innstr(3) -- get a string of characters from a curses window

insch(3) -- insert a character before cursor in a curses window

insdelln(3) -- delete and insert lines in a curses window

insertln(3) -- delete and insert lines in a curses window

insnstr(3) -- insert string before cursor in a curses window

insque(3) -- insert/remove element from a queue

These interfaces have been superceded by the queue(3) macros and are pro- vided for compatibility with legacy code. insque() and remque() manipulate queues built from doubly linked lists. The queue ca...

insstr(3) -- insert string before cursor in a curses window

instr(3) -- get a string of characters from a curses window

intrflush(3) -- curses input options

intro(3) -- introduction to the C libraries

The manual pages in section 3 provide an overview of the C library functions, their error returns, and other common definitions and concepts. Most of these functions are available from the C library, ...

ipx(3) -- IPX address conversion routines

The routine ipx_addr() interprets character strings representing IPX addresses, returning binary information suitable for use in system calls. The routine ipx_ntoa() takes IPX addresses and returns AS...

ipx_addr(3) -- IPX address conversion routines

ipx_ntoa(3) -- IPX address conversion routines

iruserok(3) -- routines for returning a stream to a remote command

The rcmd() function is used by the superuser to execute a command on a remote machine using an authentication scheme based on reserved port numbers. If the calling process is not setuid, the RSH envir...

iruserok_sa(3) -- routines for returning a stream to a remote command

isalnum(3) -- alphanumeric character test

The isalnum() macro tests for any character for which isalpha(3) or isdigit(3) is true.

isalpha(3) -- alphabetic character test

The isalpha() function tests for any character for which isupper(3) or islower(3) is true and for which none of iscntrl(3), isdigit(3), ispunct(3), or isspace(3) is true. In the C locale, isalpha() re...

isascii(3) -- ASCII character test

The isascii() function tests for an ASCII character, which is any character with a value less than or equal to 0177.

isatty(3) -- get name of associated terminal (tty) from file descriptor

These functions operate on the system file descriptors for terminal type devices. These descriptors are not related to the standard I/O FILE typedef, but refer to the special device files found in /de...

isblank(3) -- blank-space character test

The isblank() function tests for the standard blank-space characters. The standard blank-space characters are the following: ` ' Space character. Horizontal tab. In the C locale, isblank() returns tr...

iscntrl(3) -- control character test

The iscntrl() function tests for any control character.

isdigit(3) -- decimal-digit character test

The isdigit() function tests for any decimal-digit character.

isendwin(3) -- curses screen initialization and manipulation routines

isfdtype(3) -- determine whether a file descriptor is of a specific type

The isfdtype() function checks whether or not the file descriptor fd is of type fdtype. A list of possible file types may be found in stat(2) and the include file.

isgraph(3) -- printing character test (space character exclusive)

The isgraph() function tests for any printing character except space (` ').

isinf(3) -- test for infinity or not-anumber

The isinf() function returns 1 if the number n is Infinity, otherwise 0. The isinff() function is a single precision version of isinf(). The isnan() function returns 1 if the number n is ``not-anumber...

isinff(3) -- test for infinity or not-anumber

islower(3) -- lower-case character test

The islower() function tests for any lower-case letter for which none of iscntrl(3), isdigit(3), ispunct(3), or isspace(3) is true. In the C locale, islower() returns true only for the characters defi...

isnan(3) -- test for infinity or not-anumber

isnanf(3) -- test for infinity or not-anumber

isprint(3) -- printing character test (space character inclusive)

The isprint() function tests for any printing character including space (` ').

ispunct(3) -- punctuation character test

The ispunct() function tests for any printing character except space (` ') or a character for which isalnum(3) is true.

isspace(3) -- whitespace character test

The isspace() function tests for the standard whitespace characters for which isalnum(3) is false. The standard whitespace characters are the following: ` ' Space character. Form feed. NCarriage retu...

isupper(3) -- upper-case character test

The isupper() function tests for any upper-case letter or any of an implementation-defined set of characters for which none of iscntrl(3), isdigit(3), ispunct(3), or isspace(3) is true. In the C local...

isxdigit(3) -- hexadecimal-digit character test

The isxdigit() function tests for any hexadecimal-digit character.

is_linetouched(3) -- curses refresh control routines

is_wintouched(3) -- curses refresh control routines

item_count(3) -- make and break connections between items and menus

The function set_menu_items changes the item pointer array of the given menu. The array must be terminated by a NULL. The function menu_items returns the item array of the given menu. The function ite...

item_description(3) -- get menu item name and description fields

The function item_name returns the name part of the given item. The function item_description returns the description part of the given item.

item_index(3) -- set and get current_menu_item

item_init(3) -- set hooks for automatic invocation by applications

These functions make it possible to set hook functions to be called at various points in the automatic processing of input event codes by menu_driver. The function set_item_init sets a hook to be call...

item_name(3) -- get menu item name and description fields

The function item_name returns the name part of the given item. The function item_description returns the description part of the given item.

item_opts(3) -- set and get menu item options

The function set_item_opts sets all the given item's option bits (menu option bits may be logically OR'ed together). The function item_opts_on turns on the given option bits, and leaves others alone...

item_opts_off(3) -- set and get menu item options

item_opts_on(3) -- set and get menu item options

item_term(3) -- set hooks for automatic invocation by applications

item_userptr(3) -- associate application data with a menu item

Every menu item has a field that can be used to hold application-specific data (that is, the menu-driver code leaves it alone). These functions get and set that field.

item_value(3) -- set and get menu item values

If you turn off the menu option O_ONEVALUE (e.g., with set_menu_opts or menu_opts_off; see menu_opts(3)), the menu becomes multi-valued; that is, more than one item may simultaneously be selected. In ...

item_visible(3) -- check visibility of a menu item

A menu item is visible when it is in the portion of a posted menu that is mapped onto the screen (if the menu is scrollable, in particular, this portion will be smaller than the whole menu).

j0(3) -- Bessel functions of first and second kind

The functions j0() and j1() compute the Bessel function of the first kind of the order 0 and the order 1, respectively, for the real value x; the function jn() computes the Bessel function of the firs...

j0f(3) -- Bessel functions of first and second kind

j1(3) -- Bessel functions of first and second kind

j1f(3) -- Bessel functions of first and second kind

jn(3) -- Bessel functions of first and second kind

jnf(3) -- Bessel functions of first and second kind

jrand48(3) -- pseudo-random number generators and initialization routines

kafs(3) -- AFS library

k_hasafs() initializes some library internal structures, and tests for the presence of AFS in the kernel, none of the other functions should be called before k_hasafs() is called, or if it fails. kafs...

keybound(3) -- return definition of keycode

This is an extension to the curses library. It permits an application to determine the string which is defined in the terminfo for specific keycodes.

keycrunch(3) -- S/Key library functions

keyname(3) -- miscellaneous curses utility routines

keynote(3) -- a trust-management system library

For more details on keynote, see RFC 2704. keynote_errno contains an error code if some library call failed. Failed calls return -1 (if their return value is integer), or NULL (if their return value i...

keyok(3) -- enable or disable a keycode

This is an extension to the curses library. It permits an application to disable specific keycodes, rather than use the keypad function to disable all keycodes. Keys that have been disabled can be ree...

keypad(3) -- curses input options

killchar(3) -- curses environment query routines

killpg(3) -- send signal to a process group

killpg() sends the signal sig to the process group pgrp. See sigaction(2) for a list of signals. If pgrp is 0, killpg() sends the signal to the sending process's process group. The sending process an...

kn_add_action(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_add_assertion(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_add_authorizer(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_cleanup_action_environment(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_close(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_decode_base64(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_decode_hex(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_decode_key(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_do_query(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_encode_base64(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_encode_hex(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_encode_key(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_free_key(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_get_authorizer(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_get_failed(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_get_licensees(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_get_string(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_init(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_keycompare(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_query(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_read_asserts(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_remove_action(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_remove_assertion(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_remove_authorizer(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_sign_assertion(3) -- a trust-management system library

kn_verify_assertion(3) -- a trust-management system library

krb5_425_conv_principal(3) -- converts to and from version 4 principals

Converting between version 4 and version 5 principals can at best be described as a mess. A version 4 principal consists of a name, an instance, and a realm. A version 5 principal consists of one or m...

krb5_425_conv_principal_ext(3) -- converts to and from version 4 principals

krb5_524_conv_principal(3) -- converts to and from version 4 principals

krb5_addlog_dest(3) -- Heimdal logging functions

These functions logs messages to one or more destinations. The krb5_openlog() function creates a logging facility, that is used to log messages. A facility consists of one or more destinations (which ...

krb5_addlog_func(3) -- Heimdal logging functions

krb5_appdefault(3) -- get application configuration value

These functions get application defaults from the appdefaults section of the krb5.conf(5) configuration file. These defaults can be specified per application, and/or per realm. These values will be lo...

krb5_appdefault_boolean(3) -- get application configuration value

krb5_appdefault_string(3) -- get application configuration value

krb5_appdefault_time(3) -- get application configuration value

krb5_auth_context(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

The krb5_auth_context structure holds all context related to an authenticated connection, in a similar way to krb5_context that holds the context for the thread or process. krb5_auth_context is used b...

krb5_auth_con_free(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_genaddrs(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_getaddrs(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_getflags(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_getkey(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_getlocalsubkey(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_getrcache(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_getremotesubkey(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_getuserkey(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_init(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_initivector(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_setaddrs(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_setaddrs_from_fd(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_setflags(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_setivector(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_setkey(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_setlocalsubkey(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_setrcache(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_setremotesubkey(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_con_setuserkey(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_getauthenticator(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_getcksumtype(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_getkeytype(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_getlocalseqnumber(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_getremoteseqnumber(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_setcksumtype(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_setkeytype(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_setlocalseqnumber(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_auth_setremoteseqnumber(3) -- manage authentication on connection level

krb5_build_principal(3) -- principal creation functions

These functions create a Kerberos 5 principal from a realm and a list of components. All of these functions return an allocated principal in the principal parameter, this should be freed with krb5_fre...

krb5_build_principal_ext(3) -- principal creation functions

krb5_build_principal_va(3) -- principal creation functions

krb5_build_principal_va_ext(3) -- principal creation functions

krb5_checksumsize(3) -- creates and verifies checksums

These functions are used to create and verify checksums. krb5_create_checksum() creates a checksum of the specified data, and puts it in result. If crypto is NULL, usage_or_type specifies the checksum...

krb5_checksum_is_collision_proof(3) -- creates and verifies checksums

krb5_checksum_is_keyed(3) -- creates and verifies checksums

krb5_closelog(3) -- Heimdal logging functions

krb5_config(3) -- get configuration value

These functions get values from the krb5.conf(5) configuration file, or another configuration database specified by the c parameter. The variable arguments should be a list of strings naming each subs...

krb5_config_get_bool_default(3) -- get configuration value

krb5_config_get_int_default(3) -- get configuration value

krb5_config_get_string_default(3) -- get configuration value

krb5_config_get_time_default(3) -- get configuration value

krb5_context(3) -- krb5 state structure

The krb5_context structure is designed to hold all per thread state. All global variables that are context specific are stored in this structure, including default encryption types, credentials-cache ...

krb5_create_checksum(3) -- creates and verifies checksums

krb5_crypto_destroy(3) -- initialize encryption context

These functions are used to initialize an encryption context that can be used to encrypt or checksum data. The krb5_crypt_init() initializes the encrytion context crypto. The key parameter is the key ...

krb5_crypto_init(3) -- initialize encryption context

krb5_decrypt(3) -- encrypt and decrypt data

These functions are used to encrypt and decrypt data. krb5_encrypt() puts the encrypted version of data (of size len) in result. If the encryption type supports using derived keys, usage should be the...

krb5_decrypt_EncryptedData(3) -- encrypt and decrypt data

krb5_encrypt(3) -- encrypt and decrypt data

krb5_encrypt_EncryptedData(3) -- encrypt and decrypt data

krb5_err(3) -- Heimdal warning and error functions

These functions prints a warning message to some destination. format is a printf style format specifying the message to print. The forms not ending in an ``x'' prints the error string associated wit...

krb5_errx(3) -- Heimdal warning and error functions

krb5_free_context(3) -- create and delete krb5_context structures

The krb5_init_context() function initializes the context structure and reads the configration file /etc/kerberosV/krb5.conf. The structure should be freed by calling krb5_free_context() when it is no ...

krb5_free_principal(3) -- principal free function

The krb5_free_principal() will free a principal that has been created with krb5_build_principal(), krb5_parse_name(), or with some other function.

krb5_initlog(3) -- Heimdal logging functions

krb5_init_context(3) -- create and delete krb5_context structures

krb5_keytab(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

A keytab name is on the form type:residual. The residual part is specific to each keytab-type. When a keytab-name is resolved, the type is matched with an internal list of keytab types. If there is no...

krb5_keytab_entry(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_add_entry(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_close(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_compare(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_copy_entry_contents(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_cursor(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_default(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_default_name(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_end_seq_get(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_free_entry(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_get_entry(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_get_name(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_next_entry(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_ops(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_read_service_key(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_register(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_remove_entry(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_resolve(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_kt_start_seq_get(3) -- manage keytab (key storage) files

krb5_log(3) -- Heimdal logging functions

krb5_log_msg(3) -- Heimdal logging functions

krb5_make_principal(3) -- principal creation functions

krb5_openlog(3) -- Heimdal logging functions

krb5_parse_name(3) -- string to principal conversion

krb5_parse_name() converts a string representation of a principal name to krb5_principal. The principal will point to allocated data that should be freed with krb5_free_principal(). The string should ...

krb5_set_warn_dest(3) -- Heimdal warning and error functions

krb5_sname_to_principal(3) -- create a service principal

These functions create a ``service'' principal that can, for instance, be used to lookup a key in a keytab. For both these function the sname parameter will be used for the first component of the cr...

krb5_sock_to_principal(3) -- create a service principal

krb5_unparse_name(3) -- principal to string conversion

This function takes a principal, and will convert in to a printable representation with the same syntax as described in krb5_parse_name(3). *name will point to allocated data and should be freed by th...

krb5_verify_checksum(3) -- creates and verifies checksums

krb5_verify_user(3) -- Heimdal password verifying functions.

The krb5_verify_user function verifies the password supplied by a user. The principal whose password will be verified is specified in principal. New tickets will be obtained as a side-effect and store...

krb5_verify_user_lrealm(3) -- Heimdal password verifying functions.

krb5_verr(3) -- Heimdal warning and error functions

krb5_verrx(3) -- Heimdal warning and error functions

krb5_vlog(3) -- Heimdal logging functions

krb5_vlog_msg(3) -- Heimdal logging functions

krb5_vwarn(3) -- Heimdal warning and error functions

krb5_vwarnx(3) -- Heimdal warning and error functions

krb5_warn(3) -- Heimdal warning and error functions

krb5_warnx(3) -- Heimdal warning and error functions

krb_afslog(3) -- AFS library

krb_afslog_uid(3) -- AFS library

kvm(3) -- kernel memory interface

The kvm library provides a uniform interface for accessing kernel virtual memory images, including live systems and crash dumps. Access to live systems is via /dev/mem while crash dumps can be examine...

kvm_close(3) -- initialize kernel virtual memory access

The functions kvm_open() and kvm_openfiles() return a descriptor used to access kernel virtual memory via the kvm(3) library routines. Both active kernels and crash dumps are accessible through this i...

kvm_dump(3) -- crash dump support functions

First note that the functions described here were designed to be used by savecore(8). The function kvm_dump_mkheader() checks if the physical memory file associated with kd contains a valid crash dump...

kvm_dump_inval(3) -- crash dump support functions

kvm_dump_mkheader(3) -- crash dump support functions

kvm_dump_wrtheader(3) -- crash dump support functions

kvm_getargv(3) -- access user process state

kvm_getprocs() returns a (sub-)set of active processes in the kernel indicated by kd. The op and arg arguments constitute a predicate which limits the set of processes returned. The value of op descri...

kvm_getargv2(3) -- access user process state

kvm_getenvv(3) -- access user process state

kvm_getenvv2(3) -- access user process state

kvm_geterr(3) -- get error message on kvm descriptor

This function returns a string describing the most recent error condition on the descriptor kd. The results are undefined if the most recent kvm(3) library call did not produce an error. The string re...

kvm_getfiles(3) -- survey open files

kvm_getfiles() returns a (sub-)set of the open files in the kernel indicated by kd. The op and arg arguments constitute a predicate which limits the set of files returned. No predicates are currently ...

kvm_getloadavg(3) -- get load average of the system

The kvm_getloadavg() function returns the number of processes in the system run queue of the kernel indicated by kd, averaged over various periods of time. Up to nelem samples are retrieved and assign...

kvm_getproc2(3) -- access user process state

kvm_getprocs(3) -- access user process state

kvm_nlist(3) -- retrieve symbol table names from a kernel image

kvm_nlist() retrieves the symbol table entries indicated by the name list argument nl. This argument points to an array of nlist structures, terminated by an entry whose n_name field is NULL (see nlis...

kvm_open(3) -- initialize kernel virtual memory access

kvm_openfiles(3) -- initialize kernel virtual memory access

kvm_read(3) -- read or write kernel virtual memory

The kvm_read() and kvm_write() functions are used to read and write kernel virtual memory (or a crash dump file). See kvm_open(3) or kvm_openfiles(3) for information regarding opening kernel virtual m...

kvm_write(3) -- read or write kernel virtual memory

k_afs_cell_of_file(3) -- AFS library

k_hasafs(3) -- AFS library

k_pioctl(3) -- AFS library

k_setpag(3) -- AFS library

k_unlog(3) -- AFS library

l64a(3) -- convert between 32-bit integer and radix-64 ASCII string

labs(3) -- return the absolute value of a long integer

The labs() function returns the absolute value of the long integer i. The llabs() function returns the absolute value of the long long integer j.

lcong48(3) -- pseudo-random number generators and initialization routines

ldexp(3) -- multiply floating-point number by integral power of 2

The ldexp() function multiplies a floating-point number by an integral power of 2.

ldiv(3) -- return quotient and remainder from division

The ldiv() function computes the value num/denom and returns the quotient and remainder in a structure named ldiv_t that contains two long integer members named quot and rem.

leaveok(3) -- curses output options

letoh16(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

letoh32(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

letoh64(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

lfind(3) -- linear searching routines

The functions lsearch(), and lfind() provide basic linear searching functionality. base is the pointer to the beginning of an array. The argument nelp is the current number of elements in the array, w...

lgamma(3) -- log gamma functions

lgammaf(3) -- log gamma functions

lhash(3) -- dynamic hash table

This library implements dynamic hash tables. The hash table entries can be arbitrary structures. Usually they consist of key and value fields. lh_new() creates a new LHASH structure to store arbitrary...

lh_delete(3) -- dynamic hash table

lh_doall(3) -- dynamic hash table

lh_doall_arg(3) -- dynamic hash table

lh_error(3) -- dynamic hash table

lh_free(3) -- dynamic hash table

lh_insert(3) -- dynamic hash table

lh_new(3) -- dynamic hash table

lh_node_stats(3) -- LHASH statistics

The LHASH structure records statistics about most aspects of accessing the hash table. This is mostly a legacy of Eric Young writing this library for the reasons of implementing what looked like a nic...

lh_node_stats_bio(3) -- LHASH statistics

lh_node_usage_stats(3) -- LHASH statistics

lh_node_usage_stats_bio(3) -- LHASH statistics

lh_retrieve(3) -- dynamic hash table

lh_stats(3) -- LHASH statistics

lh_stats_bio(3) -- LHASH statistics

link_addr(3) -- elementary address specification routines for link level access

The link_addr() function interprets character strings representing linklevel addresses, returning binary information suitable for use in system calls. link_ntoa() takes a link-level address and return...

link_field(3) -- create and destroy form fields

link_fieldtype(3) -- define validation-field types

link_ntoa(3) -- elementary address specification routines for link level access

LIST_EMPTY(3) -- implementations of

LIST_END(3) -- implementations of

LIST_ENTRY(3) -- implementations of

LIST_FIRST(3) -- implementations of

LIST_FOREACH(3) -- implementations of

LIST_HEAD(3) -- implementations of

LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(3) -- implementations of

LIST_INIT(3) -- implementations of

LIST_INSERT_AFTER(3) -- implementations of

LIST_INSERT_BEFORE(3) -- implementations of

LIST_INSERT_HEAD(3) -- implementations of

LIST_NEXT(3) -- implementations of

LIST_REMOVE(3) -- implementations of

LIST_REPLACE(3) -- implementations of

llabs(3) -- return the absolute value of a long integer

The labs() function returns the absolute value of the long integer i. The llabs() function returns the absolute value of the long long integer j.

localeconv(3) -- natural language formatting for C

The setlocale() function sets the C library's notion of natural language formatting style for particular sets of routines. Each such style is called a ``locale'' and is invoked using an appropriate...

localtime(3) -- convert date and time to ASCII

localtime_r(3) -- convert date and time to ASCII

lockf(3) -- record locking on files

The lockf() function allows sections of a file to be locked with advisory-mode locks. Calls to lockf() from other processes which attempt to lock the locked file section will either return an error va...

log(3) -- exponential, logarithm, power functions

log10(3) -- exponential, logarithm, power functions

log10f(3) -- exponential, logarithm, power functions

log1p(3) -- exponential, logarithm, power functions

log1pf(3) -- exponential, logarithm, power functions

logb(3) -- IEEE test functions

These functions allow users to test conformance to IEEE Std 754-1985. Their use is not otherwise recommended. logb(x) returns x's exponent n, a signed integer converted to double-precision floating-p...

logbf(3) -- IEEE test functions

logf(3) -- exponential, logarithm, power functions

The login(), logout(), and logwtmp() functions operate on the database of current users in /var/run/utmp and on the logfile /var/log/wtmp of logins and logouts. The login() function updates the /var/r...

login_cap(3) -- query login.conf database about a user class

The login_getclass() function extracts the entry specified by class (or default if class is NULL or the empty string) from /etc/login.conf (see login.conf(5)). If the entry is found, a login_cap_t poi...

login_check_expire(3) -- check for password expiration

login_close(3) -- query login.conf database about a user class

login_fbtab(3) -- implement device security based on /etc/fbtab

The login_fbtab() function reads the /etc/fbtab file and implements device security as described in the fbtab(5) manual page.

login_getcapbool(3) -- query login.conf database about a user class

login_getcapnum(3) -- query login.conf database about a user class

login_getcapsize(3) -- query login.conf database about a user class

login_getcapstr(3) -- query login.conf database about a user class

login_getcaptime(3) -- query login.conf database about a user class

login_getclass(3) -- query login.conf database about a user class

login_getstyle(3) -- query login.conf database about a user class

login_tty(3) -- tty utility functions

logout(3) -- login utility functions

logwtmp(3) -- login utility functions

longjmp(3) -- non-local jumps

The sigsetjmp(), setjmp(), and _setjmp() functions save their calling environment in env. Each of these functions returns 0. The corresponding longjmp() functions restore the environment saved by the ...

longjmperror(3) -- non-local jumps

longname(3) -- curses environment query routines

lrand48(3) -- pseudo-random number generators and initialization routines

lsearch(3) -- linear searching routines

malloc(3) -- memory allocation and deallocation

math(3) -- introduction to mathematical library functions

These functions constitute the C math library, libm. The link editor searches this library under the ``-lm'' option. Declarations for these functions may be obtained from the include file .

mathf(3) -- introduction to mathematical library functions

These functions constitute the C math library, libm. The link editor searches this library under the ``-lm'' option. Declarations for these functions may be obtained from the include file .

mcprint(3) -- ship binary data to printer

MD2(3) -- MD2, MD4, and MD5 hash functions

MD2, MD4, and MD5 are cryptographic hash functions with a 128 bit output. MD2(), MD4(), and MD5() compute the MD2, MD4, and MD5 message digest of the n bytes at d and place it in md (which must have s...

MD2_Final(3) -- MD2, MD4, and MD5 hash functions

MD2_Init(3) -- MD2, MD4, and MD5 hash functions

MD2_Update(3) -- MD2, MD4, and MD5 hash functions

MD4(3) -- MD2, MD4, and MD5 hash functions

md4(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD4'' message digest

The MD4 functions calculate a 128-bit cryptographic checksum (digest) for any number of input bytes. A cryptographic checksum is a one-way hashfunction, that is, you cannot find (except by exhaustive ...

MD4Data(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD4'' message digest

MD4End(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD4'' message digest

MD4File(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD4'' message digest

MD4FileChunk(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD4'' message digest

MD4Final(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD4'' message digest

MD4Init(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD4'' message digest

MD4Pad(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD4'' message digest

MD4Transform(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD4'' message digest

MD4Update(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD4'' message digest

MD4_Final(3) -- MD2, MD4, and MD5 hash functions

MD4_Init(3) -- MD2, MD4, and MD5 hash functions

MD4_Update(3) -- MD2, MD4, and MD5 hash functions

MD5(3) -- MD2, MD4, and MD5 hash functions

md5(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD5'' message digest

The MD5 functions calculate a 128-bit cryptographic checksum (digest) for any number of input bytes. A cryptographic checksum is a one-way hashfunction, that is, you cannot find (except by exhaustive ...

md5crypt(3) -- DES encryption

MD5Data(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD5'' message digest

MD5End(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD5'' message digest

MD5File(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD5'' message digest

MD5FileChunk(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD5'' message digest

MD5Final(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD5'' message digest

MD5Init(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD5'' message digest

MD5Pad(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD5'' message digest

MD5Transform(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD5'' message digest

MD5Update(3) -- calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD5'' message digest

MD5_Final(3) -- MD2, MD4, and MD5 hash functions

MD5_Init(3) -- MD2, MD4, and MD5 hash functions

MD5_Update(3) -- MD2, MD4, and MD5 hash functions

memccpy(3) -- copy string until character found

The memccpy() function copies bytes from string src to string dst. If the character c (as converted to an unsigned char) occurs in the string src, the copy stops and a pointer to the byte after the co...

memchr(3) -- locate byte in byte string

The memchr() function locates the first occurrence of c (converted to an unsigned char) in string b.

memcmp(3) -- compare byte string

The memcmp() function compares byte string b1 against byte string b2. Both strings are assumed to be len bytes long.

memcpy(3) -- copy bytes

The memcpy() function copies len bytes from buffer src to buffer dst.

memmove(3) -- copy bytes

The memmove() function copies len bytes from buffer src to buffer dst. The two buffers may overlap; the copy is always done in a non-destructive manner.

memset(3) -- write a byte to byte string

The memset() function writes len bytes of value c (converted to an unsigned char) to the string b.

menu(3) -- curses extension for programming menus

The menu library provides terminal-independent facilities for composing menu systems on character-cell terminals. The library includes: item routines, which create and modify menu items; and menu rout...

menu_attributes(3) -- color and attribute control for menus

The function set_menu_fore sets the foreground attribute of menu. This is the highlight used for selected menu items. menu_fore returns the foreground attribute. The default is A_STANDOUT. The functio...

menu_back(3) -- color and attribute control for menus

menu_cursor(3) -- position a menu's cursor

The function pos_menu_cursor restores the cursor to the current position associated with the menu's selected item. This is useful after curses routines have been called to do screen-painting in respo...

menu_driver(3) -- command-processing loop of the menu system

Once a menu has been posted (displayed), you should funnel input events to it through menu_driver. This routine has three major input cases; either the input is a menu navigation request, it's a prin...

menu_fore(3) -- color and attribute control for menus

menu_format(3) -- set and get menu sizes

The function set_menu_format sets the maximum display size of the given menu. If this size is too small to display all menu items, the menu will be made scrollable. If this size is larger than the men...

menu_grey(3) -- color and attribute control for menus

menu_hook(3) -- set hooks for automatic invocation by applications

menu_init(3) -- set hooks for automatic invocation by applications

menu_items(3) -- make and break connections between items and menus

menu_mark(3) -- get and set the menu mark string

In order to make menu selections visible on older terminals without highlighting or color capability, the menu library marks selected items in a menu with a prefix string. The function set_menu_mark s...

menu_new(3) -- create and destroy menus

menu_opts(3) -- set and get menu options

The function set_menu_opts sets all the given menu's option bits (menu option bits may be logically OR'ed together). The function menu_opts_on turns on the given option bits, and leaves others alone...

menu_opts_off(3) -- set and get menu options

menu_opts_on(3) -- set and get menu options

menu_pad(3) -- color and attribute control for menus

menu_pattern(3) -- get and set a menu's pattern buffer

Every menu has an associated pattern match buffer. As input events that are printable ASCII characters come in, they are appended to this match buffer and tested for a match, as described in menu_driv...

menu_post(3) -- write or erase menus from associated subwindows

The function post_menu displays a menu to its associated subwindow. To trigger physical display of the subwindow, use refresh or some equivalent curses routine (the implicit doupdate triggered by an c...

menu_requestname(3) -- handle printable menu request names

The function menu_request_name returns the printable name of a menu request code. The function menu_request_by_name searches in the nametable for a request with the given name and returns its request ...

menu_request_by_name(3) -- handle printable menu request names

menu_request_name(3) -- handle printable menu request names

menu_spacing(3) -- Control spacing between menu items.

The function set_menu_spacing sets the spacing informations for the menu. spc_description controls the number of spaces between an item name and an item description. It must not be larger than TABSIZE...

menu_sub(3) -- make and break menu window and subwindow associations

Every menu has an associated pair of curses windows. The menu window displays any title and border associated with the window; the menu subwindow displays the items of the menu that are currently avai...

menu_term(3) -- set hooks for automatic invocation by applications

menu_userptr(3) -- associate application data with a menu item

Every menu and every menu item has a field that can be used to hold application-specific data (that is, the menudriver code leaves it alone). These functions get and set the menu user pointer field.

menu_win(3) -- make and break menu window and subwindow associations

mergesort(3) -- sort functions

meta(3) -- curses input options

mitem_current(3) -- set and get current_menu_item

mitem_name(3) -- get menu item name and description fields

The function item_name returns the name part of the given item. The function item_description returns the description part of the given item.

mitem_new(3) -- create and destroy menu items

mitem_opts(3) -- set and get menu item options

mitem_userptr(3) -- associate application data with a menu item

Every menu item has a field that can be used to hold application-specific data (that is, the menu-driver code leaves it alone). These functions get and set that field.

mitem_value(3) -- set and get menu item values

mitem_visible(3) -- check visibility of a menu item

A menu item is visible when it is in the portion of a posted menu that is mapped onto the screen (if the menu is scrollable, in particular, this portion will be smaller than the whole menu).

mkdtemp(3) -- make temporary file name (unique)

The mktemp() function takes the given file name template and overwrites a portion of it to create a file name. This file name is unique and suitable for use by the application. The template may be any...

mkstemp(3) -- make temporary file name (unique)

mkstemps(3) -- make temporary file name (unique)

mktemp(3) -- make temporary file name (unique)

mktime(3) -- convert date and time to ASCII

modf(3) -- extract signed integral and fractional values from

The modf() function breaks the argument value into integral and fractional parts, each of which has the same sign as the argument. It stores the integral part as a double in the object pointed to by i...

moncontrol(3) -- control execution profile

An executable program compiled using the -pg option to cc(1) automatically includes calls to collect statistics for the gprof(1) call-graph execution profiler. In typical operation, profiling begins a...

monstartup(3) -- control execution profile

mouseinterval(3) -- mouse interface through curses

mousemask(3) -- mouse interface through curses

mouse_trafo(3) -- mouse interface through curses

move(3) -- move curses window cursor

move_field(3) -- make and break connections between fields and forms

move_panel(3) -- panel stack extension for curses

mpool(3) -- shared memory buffer pool

mpool is the library interface intended to provide page oriented buffer management of files. The buffers may be shared between processes. The function mpool_open() initializes a memory pool. The key a...

mpool_close(3) -- shared memory buffer pool

mpool_delete(3) -- shared memory buffer pool

mpool_filter(3) -- shared memory buffer pool

mpool_get(3) -- shared memory buffer pool

mpool_new(3) -- shared memory buffer pool

mpool_open(3) -- shared memory buffer pool

mpool_put(3) -- shared memory buffer pool

mpool_sync(3) -- shared memory buffer pool

mrand48(3) -- pseudo-random number generators and initialization routines

mul(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

mul_add(3) -- BIGNUM library internal functions

mvaddch(3) -- add a character (with attributes) to a curses window, then advance the cursor

mvaddchnstr(3) -- add a string of characters (and attributes) to a curses window

mvaddchstr(3) -- add a string of characters (and attributes) to a curses window

mvaddnstr(3) -- add a string of characters to a curses window and advance cursor

mvaddstr(3) -- add a string of characters to a curses window and advance cursor

mvchgat(3) -- curses character and window attribute control routines

mvcur(3) -- curses interfaces to terminfo database

mvdelch(3) -- delete character under the cursor in a curses window

mvderwin(3) -- create curses windows

mvgetch(3) -- get (or push back) characters from curses terminal keyboard

mvgetnstr(3) -- accept character strings from curses terminal keyboard

mvgetstr(3) -- accept character strings from curses terminal keyboard

mvhline(3) -- create curses borders, horizontal and vertical lines

mvinch(3) -- get a character and attributes from a curses window

mvinchnstr(3) -- get a string of characters (and attributes) from a curses window

mvinchstr(3) -- get a string of characters (and attributes) from a curses window

mvinnstr(3) -- get a string of characters from a curses window

mvinsch(3) -- insert a character before cursor in a curses window

mvinsnstr(3) -- insert string before cursor in a curses window

mvinsstr(3) -- insert string before cursor in a curses window

mvinstr(3) -- get a string of characters from a curses window

mvprintw(3) -- print formatted output in curses windows

mvscanw(3) -- convert formatted input from a curses window

mvvline(3) -- create curses borders, horizontal and vertical lines

mvwaddch(3) -- add a character (with attributes) to a curses window, then advance the cursor

mvwaddchnstr(3) -- add a string of characters (and attributes) to a curses window

mvwaddchstr(3) -- add a string of characters (and attributes) to a curses window

mvwaddnstr(3) -- add a string of characters to a curses window and advance cursor

mvwaddstr(3) -- add a string of characters to a curses window and advance cursor

mvwchgat(3) -- curses character and window attribute control routines

mvwdelch(3) -- delete character under the cursor in a curses window

mvwgetch(3) -- get (or push back) characters from curses terminal keyboard

mvwgetnstr(3) -- accept character strings from curses terminal keyboard

mvwgetstr(3) -- accept character strings from curses terminal keyboard

mvwhline(3) -- create curses borders, horizontal and vertical lines

mvwin(3) -- create curses windows

mvwinch(3) -- get a character and attributes from a curses window

mvwinchnstr(3) -- get a string of characters (and attributes) from a curses window

mvwinchstr(3) -- get a string of characters (and attributes) from a curses window

mvwinnstr(3) -- get a string of characters from a curses window

mvwinsch(3) -- insert a character before cursor in a curses window

mvwinsnstr(3) -- insert string before cursor in a curses window

mvwinsstr(3) -- insert string before cursor in a curses window

mvwinstr(3) -- get a string of characters from a curses window

mvwprintw(3) -- print formatted output in curses windows

mvwscanw(3) -- convert formatted input from a curses window

mvwvline(3) -- create curses borders, horizontal and vertical lines

napms(3) -- low-level curses routines

ncurses(3) -- CRT screen handling and optimization package

ndbm(3) -- database access methods

network(3) -- Internet address manipulation routines

net_addrcmp(3) -- compare socket address structures

The net_addrcmp() function compares two socket address structures, sa1 and sa2.

newpad(3) -- create and display curses pads

newterm(3) -- curses screen initialization and manipulation routines

newwin(3) -- create curses windows

new_field(3) -- create and destroy form fields

new_fieldtype(3) -- define validation-field types

new_form(3) -- create and destroy forms

new_item(3) -- create and destroy menu items

new_menu(3) -- create and destroy menus

new_page(3) -- form pagination functions

new_panel(3) -- panel stack extension for curses

nextafter(3) -- functions for IEEE arithmetic

nextafterf(3) -- functions for IEEE arithmetic

nextkey(3) -- database subroutines

nftw(3) -- traverse (walk) a file tree

nice(3) -- change process scheduling priority

This interface is obsoleted by setpriority(2). The nice() function adds the value specified in incr to the scheduling priority of the invoking process. incr is an integer such that the resulting sched...

nl(3) -- curses output options

nlist(3) -- retrieve symbol table name list from an executable file

The nlist() function retrieves name list entries from the symbol table of an executable file. (See a.out(5).) The argument nl is set to reference the beginning of the list. The list is preened of bina...

nl_langinfo(3) -- get locale information

The nl_langinfo() function returns a pointer to a string containing information set by the program's locale. The names and values of item are defined in .

nocbreak(3) -- curses input options

nodelay(3) -- curses input options

noecho(3) -- curses input options

nonl(3) -- curses output options

noqiflush(3) -- curses input options

noraw(3) -- curses input options

notimeout(3) -- curses input options

nrand48(3) -- pseudo-random number generators and initialization routines

ns(3) -- Xerox NS(tm) address conversion routines

The routine ns_addr() interprets character strings representing XNS addresses, returning binary information suitable for use in system calls. The routine ns_ntoa() takes XNS addresses and returns ASCI...

ns_addr(3) -- Xerox NS(tm) address conversion routines

ns_ntoa(3) -- Xerox NS(tm) address conversion routines

ntoa(3) -- Internet address manipulation routines

ntohl(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

ntohs(3) -- convert values between different byte orderings

OBJ_nid2sn(3) -- EVP cipher routines

OBJ_obj2nid(3) -- EVP cipher routines

ocurses(3) -- screen functions with ``optimal'' cursor motion

These routines give the user a method of updating screens with reasonable optimization. They keep an image of the current screen, and the user sets up an image of a new one. Then refresh() tells the r...

ohash_create_entry(3) -- helper functions for open hashing

These functions are commonly used to simplify open hashing usage, and use similar conventions. They operate indifferently on nullterminated strings (by setting *pend = NULL) or memory ranges (delimite...

ohash_delete(3) -- light-weight open hashing

Those functions have been designed as a fast, extensible alternative to the usual hash table functions. They provide storage and retrieval of records indexed by keys, where a key is a contiguous seque...

ohash_entries(3) -- light-weight open hashing

ohash_find(3) -- light-weight open hashing

ohash_first(3) -- light-weight open hashing

ohash_init(3) -- light-weight open hashing

ohash_insert(3) -- light-weight open hashing

ohash_interval(3) -- helper functions for open hashing

ohash_lookup_interval(3) -- light-weight open hashing

ohash_lookup_memory(3) -- light-weight open hashing

ohash_next(3) -- light-weight open hashing

ohash_qlookup(3) -- helper functions for open hashing

ohash_qlookupi(3) -- helper functions for open hashing

ohash_remove(3) -- light-weight open hashing

opendev(3) -- short form device open routine

The opendev() function opens a device using the ``short form'' name. This is typically ``sd0'' or ``sd0c'', for instance, which will be expanded to /dev/rsd0c on most architectures. Device name ...

opendir(3) -- directory operations

opendisk(3) -- open a disk's ``raw'' partition

opendisk() opens path, for reading and/or writing as specified by the argument flags using open(2), and the file descriptor is returned to the caller. buf is used to store the resultant filename. bufl...

openlog(3) -- control system log

openlog_r(3) -- control system log

openpty(3) -- tty utility functions

OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms(3) -- add algorithms to internal table

OpenSSL_add_all_ciphers(3) -- add algorithms to internal table

OpenSSL_add_all_digests(3) -- add algorithms to internal table

OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms(3) -- initialize SSL library by registering algorithms

SSL_library_init() registers the available ciphers and digests. OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms() and SSLeay_add_ssl_algo- rithms() are synonyms for SSL_library_init().

OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER(3) -- get OpenSSL version number

OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER is a numeric release version identifier: MMNNFFPPS: major minor fix patch status The status nibble has one of the values 0 for development, 1 to e for betas 1 to 14, and f for r...

ossaudio(3) -- OSS audio emulation

The ossaudio library provides an emulation of the OSS (Linux) audio interface. Use the native interface for new programs and the emulation library only for porting programs.

otermcap(3) -- terminal independent operation routines

These functions extract and use capabilities from a terminal capability data base, usually /usr/share/misc/termcap, the format of which is described in termcap(5). This version of these routines has b...

overlay(3) -- overlay and manipulate overlapped curses windows

overwrite(3) -- overlay and manipulate overlapped curses windows

pair_content(3) -- curses color manipulation routines

PAIR_NUMBER(3) -- curses character and window attribute control routines

panel(3) -- panel stack extension for curses

panel_above(3) -- panel stack extension for curses

panel_below(3) -- panel stack extension for curses

panel_hidden(3) -- panel stack extension for curses

panel_userptr(3) -- panel stack extension for curses

panel_window(3) -- panel stack extension for curses

pause(3) -- stop until signal

Pause is made obsolete by sigsuspend(2). The pause() function forces a process to pause until a signal is received from either the kill(2) function or an interval timer (see setitimer(2)). Upon termin...

pcap(3) -- Packet Capture library