addch, waddch, mvaddch, mvwaddch, echochar, wechochar -
add a character (with attributes) to a curses window, then
advance the cursor
#include <curses.h>
int addch(chtype ch);
int waddch(WINDOW *win, chtype ch);
int mvaddch(int y, int x, chtype ch);
int mvwaddch(WINDOW *win, int y, int x, chtype ch);
int echochar(chtype ch);
int wechochar(WINDOW *win, chtype ch);
The addch, waddch, mvaddch and mvwaddch routines put the
character ch into the given window at its current window
position, which is then advanced. They are analogous to
putchar in stdio(3). If the advance is at the right margin,
the cursor automatically wraps to the beginning of
the next line. At the bottom of the current scrolling
region, if scrollok is enabled, the scrolling region is
scrolled up one line.
If ch is a tab, newline, or backspace, the cursor is moved
appropriately within the window. Backspace moves the cursor
one character left; at the left edge of a window it
does nothing. Newline does a clrtoeol, then moves the
cursor to the window left margin on the next line,
scrolling the window if on the last line. Tabs are considered
to be at every eighth column.
If ch is any control character other than tab, newline, or
backspace, it is drawn in ^X notation. Calling winch
after adding a control character does not return the character
itself, but instead returns the ^-representation of
the control character.
Video attributes can be combined with a character argument
passed to addch or related functions by logical-ORing them
into the character. (Thus, text, including attributes,
can be copied from one place to another using inch and
addch.) See the curs_attr(3) page for values of predefined
video attribute constants that can be usefully OR'ed
into characters.
The echochar and wechochar routines are equivalent to a
call to addch followed by a call to refresh, or a call to
waddch followed by a call to wrefresh. The knowledge that
only a single character is being output is used and, for
non-control characters, a considerable performance gain
may be seen by using these routines instead of their
equivalents.
Line Graphics
The following variables may be used to add line drawing
characters to the screen with routines of the addch family.
The default character listed below is used if the
acsc capability doesn't define a terminal-specific
replacement for it (but see the EXTENSIONS section below).
The names are taken from VT100 nomenclature.
Name Default Description
--------------------------------------------------
ACS_BLOCK # solid square block
ACS_BOARD # board of squares
ACS_BTEE + bottom tee
ACS_BULLET o bullet
ACS_CKBOARD : checker board (stipple)
ACS_DARROW v arrow pointing down
ACS_DEGREE ' degree symbol
ACS_DIAMOND + diamond
ACS_GEQUAL > greater-than-or-equal-to
ACS_HLINE - horizontal line
ACS_LANTERN # lantern symbol
ACS_LARROW < arrow pointing left
ACS_LEQUAL < less-than-or-equal-to
ACS_LLCORNER + lower left-hand corner
ACS_LRCORNER + lower right-hand corner
ACS_LTEE + left tee
ACS_NEQUAL ! not-equal
ACS_PI * greek pi
ACS_PLMINUS # plus/minus
ACS_PLUS + plus
ACS_RARROW > arrow pointing right
ACS_RTEE + right tee
ACS_S1 - scan line 1
ACS_S3 - scan line 3
ACS_S7 - scan line 7
ACS_S9 _ scan line 9
ACS_STERLING f pound-sterling symbol
ACS_TTEE + top tee
ACS_UARROW ^ arrow pointing up
ACS_ULCORNER + upper left-hand corner
ACS_URCORNER + upper right-hand corner
ACS_VLINE | vertical line
All routines return the integer ERR upon failure and OK on
success (the SVr4 manuals specify only "an integer value
other than ERR") upon successful completion, unless otherwise
noted in the preceding routine descriptions.
Note that addch, mvaddch, mvwaddch, and echochar may be
macros. All these functions are described in the XSI Curses standard,
Issue 4. The defaults specified for forms-drawing
characters apply in the POSIX locale.
Some ACS symbols (ACS_S3, ACS_S7, ACS_LEQUAL, ACS_GEQUAL,
ACS_PI, ACS_NEQUAL, ACS_STERLING) were not documented in
any publicly released System V. However, many publicly
available terminfos include acsc strings in which their
key characters (pryz{|}) are embedded, and a second-hand
list of their character descriptions has come to light.
The ACS-prefixed names for them were invented for
ncurses(3).
curses(3), curs_attr(3), curs_clear(3), curs_inch(3),
curs_outopts(3), curs_refresh(3), putc(3).
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