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GETCAP(3)

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NAME    [Toc]    [Back]

     cgetent,  cgetset,  cgetmatch,  cgetcap,  cgetnum,  cgetstr,
cgetustr,
     cgetfirst,   cgetnext,  cgetclose,  cgetusedb  -  capability
database access
     routines

SYNOPSIS    [Toc]    [Back]

     #include <stdlib.h>

     int
     cgetent(char **buf, char **db_array, const char *name);

     int
     cgetset(const char *ent);

     int
     cgetmatch(char *buf, const char *name);

     char *
     cgetcap(char *buf, const char *cap, int type);

     int
     cgetnum(char *buf, const char *cap, long *num);

     int
     cgetstr(char *buf, const char *cap, char **str);

     int
     cgetustr(char *buf, const char *cap, char **str);

     int
     cgetfirst(char **buf, char **db_array);

     int
     cgetnext(char **buf, char **db_array);

     int
     cgetclose(void);

     int
     cgetusedb(int usedb);

DESCRIPTION    [Toc]    [Back]

     The cgetent() function extracts the capability  record  name
from the
     database   specified   by  the  null-terminated  file  array
db_array and returns
     a pointer to a copy of it in buf.  cgetent() will first look
for files
     ending  in  ``.db''  (see  cap_mkdb(1)) before accessing the
ASCII version of
     the capability database.  buf must be retained  through  all
subsequent
     calls  to  cgetmatch(), cgetcap(), cgetnum(), cgetstr(), and
cgetustr(),
     but may then be free'd.  On success 0 is returned, 1 if  the
returned
     record  contains  an  unresolved tc expansion, -1 if the requested record
     couldn't be found, -2 if a system error  occurred  (couldn't
open or read a
     file, for example) also setting errno, and -3 if a potential
reference
     loop is detected (see tc= comments below).

     cgetset() enables the addition of a  character  buffer  containing a single
     capability record entry to the capability database.  Conceptually, the
     entry is added as the first ``file'' in the database, and is
therefore
     searched  first  on  the  call  to  cgetent().  The entry is
passed in ent.  If
     ent is NULL, the current entry is removed from the database.
cgetset()
     must  precede the database traversal.  It must be called before cgetent().
     If a sequential access is being performed  (see  below),  it
must be called
     before  the  first  sequential  access  call (cgetfirst() or
cgetnext()), or
     be directly preceded by a cgetclose() call.  On success 0 is
returned and
     -1 on failure.

     cgetmatch() will return 0 if name is one of the names of the
capability
     record buf, -1 if not.

     cgetcap() searches the capability record buf for  the  capability cap with
     type  type.  A type is specified using any single character.
If a colon
     (`:') is used, an untyped capability will  be  searched  for
(see below for
     explanation of types).  A pointer to the value of cap in buf
is returned
     on success or NULL if the requested capability  couldn't  be
found.  The
     end  of  the  capability value is signaled by a `:' or ASCII
NUL (see below
     for capability database syntax).

     cgetnum() retrieves the value of the numeric capability  cap
from the capability
 record pointed to by buf.  The numeric value is returned in the
     long pointed to by num.  On success 0 is returned, -1 if the
requested
     numeric capability couldn't be found.

     cgetstr()  retrieves  the value of the string capability cap
from the capability
 record pointed to by buf.  A pointer  to  a  decoded,
null-terminated,
  malloc'd  copy  of the string is returned in the char *
pointed to by
     str.  The number of characters in the  decoded  string  (not
including the
     trailing  NUL)  is  returned on success, -1 if the requested
string capability
 couldn't be found, or -2 if a system error  was  encountered (storage
     allocation failure).

     cgetustr() is identical to cgetstr() except that it does not
expand special
 characters, but rather returns each  character  of  the
capability
     string literally.

     cgetfirst()  and  cgetnext()  comprise a function group that
provides for
     sequential access  of  the  null-terminated  array  of  file
names, db_array.
     cgetfirst() returns the first record in the database and resets the access
 to the  first  record.   cgetnext()  returns  the  next
record in the
     database with respect to the record returned by the previous
cgetfirst()
     or cgetnext() call.  If there is no such previous call,  the
first record
     in  the  database is returned.  Each record is returned in a
malloc'd copy
     pointed to by buf.  tc expansion is done (see  tc=  comments
below).  Upon
     completion of the database 0 is returned, 1 is returned upon
successful
     return of record with possibly more  remaining  (we  haven't
reached the end
     of  the  database yet), 2 is returned if the record contains
an unresolved
     tc expansion, -1 is returned if an  system  error  occurred,
and -2 is returned
  if  a  potential reference loop is detected (see tc=
comments below).
  Upon completion of database (0 return)  the  database
is closed.

     cgetclose() closes the file descriptor and resets state used
for sequential
 access.  If neither the cgetfirst() nor the  cgetnext()
functions
     have  been  called, cgetclose() has no effect.  Note that it
does not erase
     the buffer pushed by a call to cgetset(), nor does  it  free
the buffer allocated
 by cgetent().

     cgetusedb() allows the user to specify whether to use or ignore database
     files ending in ``.db''.  If usedb is zero, files ending  in
``.db'' will
     be  ignored.   If usedb is non-zero, files ending in ``.db''
will be used
     in preference to the text version.  The default is  to  process ``.db''
     files.  cgetusedb() returns the previous setting.

   Capability database syntax    [Toc]    [Back]
     Capability  databases  are  normally ASCII and may be edited
with standard
     text editors.  Blank lines and lines beginning  with  a  `#'
are comments
     and  are  ignored.  Lines ending with a `' indicate that the
next line is
     a continuation of the current line;  the  `'  and  following
newline are ignored.
  Long lines are usually continued onto several physical lines by
     ending each line except the last with a `'.

     Capability databases consist of a series of records, one per
logical
     line.  Each record contains a variable number of colon-separated fields
     (capabilities).  Empty fields consisting entirely of whitespace characters
 (spaces and tabs) are ignored.

     The  first  capability  of  each record specifies its names,
separated by `|'
     characters.  These names are used to  reference  records  in
the database.
     By convention, the last name is usually a comment and is not
intended as
     a lookup tag.  For example, the ``vt100''  record  from  the
termcap
     database begins:

           d0|vt100|vt100-am|vt100am|dec vt100:

     giving four names that can be used to access the record.

     The  remaining  non-empty  capabilities  describe  a  set of
(name, value)
     bindings, consisting of a  name  optionally  followed  by  a
typed value:

     name           typeless [boolean] capability name is present
[true]
     nameTvalue    capability (name, T) has value value
     name@         no capability name exists
     nameT@        capability (name, T) does not exist

     Names consist of one or more characters.  Names may  contain
any character
     except  `:',  but  it's usually best to restrict them to the
printable characters
 and avoid use of graphics like `#',  `=',  `%',  `@',
etc.  Types are
     single  characters  used  to  separate capability names from
their associated
     typed values.  Types may be  any  character  except  a  `:'.
Typically,
     graphics  like  `#', `=', `%', etc. are used.  Values may be
any number of
     characters and may contain any character except `:'.

   Capability database semantics    [Toc]    [Back]
     Capability records describe a set of (name, value) bindings.
Names may
     have  multiple values bound to them.  Different values for a
name are distinguished
 by their types.  cgetcap() will return a  pointer
to a value of
     a  name given the capability name and the type of the value.

     The types `#' and `=' are conventionally used to denote  numeric and
     string  typed  values,  but no restriction on those types is
enforced.  The
     functions cgetnum() and cgetstr() can be used  to  implement
the traditional
  syntax and semantics of `#' and `='.  Typeless capabilities are typically
 used to denote boolean objects with  presence  or  absence indicating
     truth and false values respectively.  This interpretation is
conveniently
     represented by:

           (getcap(buf, name, ':') != NULL)

     A special capability, tc= name, is used to indicate that the
record specified
  by  name should be substituted for the tc capability.
tc capabilities
 may interpolate records which also contain tc capabilities and more
     than one tc capability may be used in a record.  A tc expansion scope
     (i.e., where the argument is searched for) contains the file
in which the
     tc is declared and all subsequent files in the file array.

     When  a  database  is  searched for a capability record, the
first matching
     record in the search is returned.  When a record is  scanned
for a capability,
 the first matching capability is returned; the capability
     :nameT@: will hide any following definition of  a  value  of
type T for
     name;  and the capability :name@: will prevent any following
values of
     name from being seen.

     These features combined with tc capabilities can be used  to
generate
     variations  of  other databases and records by either adding
new capabilities,
 overriding definitions with new definitions, or hiding
following
     definitions via `@' capabilities.

   cgetnum() and cgetstr() syntax and semantics
     Two types are predefined by cgetnum() and cgetstr():

     name#number    numeric capability name has value number
     name=string    string capability name has value string
     name#@         the numeric capability name does not exist
     name=@         the string capability name does not exist

     Numeric  capability  values may be given in one of three numeric bases.  If
     the number starts with either `0x' or `0X' it is interpreted
as a hexadecimal
  number  (both upper and lower case a-f may be used
to denote the
     extended hexadecimal  digits).   Otherwise,  if  the  number
starts with a `0'
     it  is interpreted as an octal number.  Otherwise the number
is in0erpret(d
 as a decimal number.
     A
     String capability values may contain  any  character.   NonprintCble ASCII
     Iodes, new lines, and colons may be conveniently represented
by thI use
     0f escape sequences:
     1
     0X        ('X' & 037)          control-X
     )
     , T    (ASCII 011)          tab
     a
     c
     k
     s
     p
     a
     c
     e
     0    (ASCII 012)          line feed (newline)
     ,F   (ASCIII015))         carriageereturn

     \,     (ASCII 027)          escape
          \        (                  back slash
             (^)                  caret
     nnn      (ASCII octal nnn)

     A `' followed by up to three octal digits directly specifies
the numeric
     code  for  a character.  The use of ASCII NULs, while easily
encoded, causes
 all sorts of problems and must be used  with  care  since
NULs are typically
  used  to denote the end of strings; many applications
use `200' to
     represent a NUL.

EXAMPLES    [Toc]    [Back]

           example|an  example  of  binding  multiple  values  to
names:                                    :foo%bar:foo^blah:foo@:
:abc%xyz:abc^frap:abc$@:                :tc=more:

     The capability foo has two values bound to it (bar  of  type
`%' and blah
     of  type  `^') and any other value bindings are hidden.  The
capability abc
     also has two values bound but only a value of  type  `$'  is
prevented from
     being defined in the capability record more.

           file1:
                new|new_record|a     modification    of    "old":
:fript=bar:who-cares@:tc=old:blah:tc=extensions:
           file2:
                old|old_record|an    old     database     record:
:fript=foo:who-cares:glork#200:

     The  records  are  extracted by calling cgetent() with file1
preceding
     file2.  In the capability record  new  in  file1,  fript=bar
overrides the
     definition  of  fript=foo  interpolated  from the capability
record old in
     file2, who-cares@ prevents the definition of  any  who-cares
definitions in
     old  from  being  seen, glork#200 is inherited from old, and
blah and anything
 defined by the record extensions  is  added  to  those
definitions in
     old.  Note that the position of the fript=bar and who-cares@
definitions
     before tc=old is important here.  If they  were  after,  the
definitions in
     old would take precedence.

DIAGNOSTICS    [Toc]    [Back]

     cgetent(),  cgetset(),  cgetmatch(),  cgetnum(),  cgetstr(),
cgetustr(),
     cgetfirst(), and cgetnext() return a value greater  than  or
equal to 0 on
     success  and  a value less than 0 on failure.  cgetcap() returns a character
 pointer on success and a NULL on failure.

     cgetent() and cgetset() may fail and set errno  for  any  of
the errors
     specified  for  the  library  functions fopen(3), fclose(3),
open(2), and
     close(2).

     cgetent(), cgetset(), cgetstr(), and cgetustr() may fail and
set errno as
     follows:

     [ENOMEM]      No memory to allocate.

SEE ALSO    [Toc]    [Back]

      
      
     cap_mkdb(1), malloc(3)

BUGS    [Toc]    [Back]

     Colon  (`:')  characters  cannot be used in names, types, or
values.

     There are no checks for tc=name loops in cgetent().

     The buffer added to the database by a call to  cgetset()  is
not unique to
     the database but is rather prepended to any database used.

OpenBSD      3.6                          April      19,     1994
[ Back ]
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