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apt(8) -- Advanced Package Tool
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APT is a management system for software packages. It is still under development; the snazzy front ends are not yet available. In the meantime, please see apt-get(8). |
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apt-cache(8) -- APT package handling utility -- cache manipulator
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apt-cache performs a variety of operations on APT's package cache. apt- cache does not manipulate the state of the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting output from th... |
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apt-cdrom(8) -- APT CDROM managment utility
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apt-cdrom is used to add a new CDROM to APTs list of available sources. apt-cdrom takes care of determining the structure of the disc as well as correcting for several possible mis-burns and verifying... |
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apt-config(8) -- APT Configuration Query program
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apt-config is an internal program used by various portions of the APT suite to provide consistent configurability. It accesses the main configuarion file /etc/apt/apt.conf in a manner that is easy to ... |
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apt-get(8) -- APT package handling utility -- command-line interface
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apt-get is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be considered the user's "back-end" to other tools using the APT library. Unless the -h, or --help option is given one of the command... |
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apt-setup(8) -- add apt download sources
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apt-setup is an interactive program that simplifies adding sources to apt's sources.list. It knows about all the major debian mirrors and can help you select one. It can even use apt-cdrom(8) to scan... |
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arp(8) -- manipulate the system ARP cache
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Arp manipulates the kernel's ARP cache in various ways. The primary options are clearing an address mapping entry and manually setting up one. For debugging purposes, the arp program also allows a co... |
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atd(8) -- run jobs queued for later execution
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atd runs jobs queued by at(1). |
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atrun(8) -- run jobs queued for later execution
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atrun runs jobs queued by at(1). It is a shell script containing invoking /usr/sbin/atd with the -s option, and is provided for backward compatibility with older installations. |
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badblocks(8) -- search a device for bad blocks
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badblocks is used to search for bad blocks on a device (usually a disk partition). device is the special file corresponding to the device (e.g /dev/hdc1). last-block is the last block to be checked; i... |
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base-config(8) -- Debian base system configuration
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base-config is the program that was run when you first rebooted into your newly installed debian system. It walks you through setting up the system and downloading additional software, and so forth. T... |
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blockdev(8) -- call block device ioctls from the command line
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The utility blockdev allows one to call block device ioctls from the command line. |
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catman(8) -- create or update the pre-formatted manual pages
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catman is used to create an up to date set of pre-formatted manual pages known as cat pages. Cat pages are generally much faster to display than the original manual pages, but require extra storage sp... |
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cfdisk(8) -- Curses based disk partition table manipulator for Linux
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cfdisk is a curses based program for partitioning any hard disk drive. Typical values of the device argument are: /dev/hda [default] /dev/hdb /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd In order to write the ... |
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chat(8) -- Automated conversational script with a modem
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The chat program defines a conversational exchange between the computer and the modem. Its primary purpose is to establish the connection between the Point-to-Point Protocol Daemon (pppd) and the remo... |
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checksecurity(8) -- check for changes to setuid programs
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The checksecurity command scans the mounted files systems (subject to the filter defined in /etc/checksecurity.conf) and compares the list of setuid programs to the list created on the previous run. A... |
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chpasswd(8) -- update password file in batch
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chpasswd reads a file of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users. Without the -e switch, the passwords are expected to be clearte... |
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chroot(8) -- run command or interactive shell with special root directory
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Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT. --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh). |
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cleanup-info(8) -- clean up the mess that bogus install-info may have done
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cleanup-info is a Perl script that tries to clean up the mess that bogus install-info may have done. It gathers all sections with the same heading into a single one. It tries to be smart about cases a... |
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consolechars(8) -- load EGA/VGA console screen font, screen-font map,
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The consolechars command loads a font into the EGA/VGA character generator, and optionally outputs the previous font. This command reads an 8xH font from the file and loads it into the character gener... |
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cron(8) -- daemon to execute scheduled commands (Vixie Cron)
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cron is started automatically from /etc/init.d on entering multi-user runlevels. cron searches its spool area (/var/spool/cron/crontabs) for crontab files (which are named after accounts in /etc/passw... |
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cvs-pserver(8) -- The GNU Concurrent Versions System
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This manual page documents briefly the cvs-pserver command. This manual page was written for the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. cvs-pserver is a wrapper around CVS which loads some default variables. ... |
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cvsbug(8) -- send problem report (PR) about CVS to a central support site
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cvsbug is a tool used to submit problem reports (PRs) to a central support site. In most cases the correct site will be the default. This argument indicates the support site which is responsible for t... |
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cvsconfig(8) -- The GNU Concurrent Versions System
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This manual page documents briefly the cvsconfig command. This manual page was written for the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. cvsconfig is a program that will configure the Debian CVS setup to enable ... |
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cytune(8) -- Tune Cyclades driver parameters
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cytune queries and modifies the interruption threshold for the Cyclades driver. Each serial line on a Cyclades card has a 12-byte FIFO for input (and another 12-byte FIFO for output). The "threshold... |
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debugfs(8) -- ext2 file system debugger
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The debugfs program is an interactive file system debugger. It can be used to examine and change the state of an ext2 file system. device is the special file corresponding to the device containing the... |
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deluser(8) -- remove a user or group from the system
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deluser and delgroup remove users and groups from the system according to command line options and configuration information in /etc/deluser.conf. They are friendlier front ends to the userdel and gro... |
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depmod(8) -- handle dependency descriptions for loadable kernel modules
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The depmod and modprobe utilities are intended to make a Linux modular kernel manageable for all users, administrators and distribution maintainers. Depmod creates a "Makefile"-like dependency file,... |
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dexconf(8) -- generate XFree86 X server configuration file from debconf database values
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Dexconf retrieves values from debconf's database and uses them to build an XF86Config or XF86Config-4 (depending on the default X server selected) file. The information that dexconf uses is typically... |
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dhclient(8) -- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client
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The Internet Software Consortium DHCP Client, dhclient, provides a means for configuring one or more network interfaces using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, BOOTP protocol, or if these proto... |
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dhclient-script(8) -- DHCP client network configuration script
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The DHCP client network configuration script is invoked from time to time by dhclient(8). This script is used by the dhcp client to set each interface's initial configuration prior to requesting an a... |
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dmesg(8) -- print or control the kernel ring buffer
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dmesg is used to examine or control the kernel ring buffer. The program helps users to print out their bootup messages. Instead of copying the messages by hand, the user need only: dmesg > boot.messag... |
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domainname(8) -- set or display name of current domain
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Without an argument, domainname displays the name of the current NIS domainname of the system. domainname uses the getdomainname(2) function for getting the domainname, nisdomainname and ypdomainname ... |
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dosfsck(8) -- check and repair MS-DOS file systems
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dosfsck verifies the consistency of MS-DOS file systems and optionally tries to repair them. The following file system problems can be corrected (in this order): - FAT contains invalid cluster numbers... |
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dpasswd(8) -- change dialup password
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dpasswd adds, deletes, and updates dialup passwords for user login shells. The dialup password is prompted for after a user's password has been authenticated whenever the user logs in over a dialup l... |
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dpkg(8) -- a medium-level package manager for Debian
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dpkg is a medium-level tool to install, build, remove and manage Debian GNU/Linux packages. The primary and more user-friendly front-end for dpkg is dselect(8). dpkg itself is controlled entirely via ... |
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dpkg-divert(8) -- override a package's version of a file
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File `diversions' are a way of forcing dpkg not to install a file into its location, but to a `diverted' location. Diversions can be used through the Debian package scripts to move a file away when ... |
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dpkg-preconfigure(8) -- let packages ask questions prior to their installation
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dpkg-preconfigure lets packages ask questions before they are installed. It operates on a set of debian packages, and all packages that use debconf will have their config script run so they can examin... |
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dpkg-reconfigure(8) -- reconfigure an already installed package
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dpkg-reconfigure reconfigures packages after they have already been installed. Pass it the names of a package or packages to reconfigure. This has the same effect as re-installing the package, basical... |
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dpkg-scanpackages(8) -- create Packages files
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dpkg-scanpackages sorts through a tree of Debian binary packages and creates a Packages file, used by dselect(8) to tell the user what packages are available for installation. These Packages files are... |
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dpkg-scansources(8) -- prog
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dpkg-scansources scans the given binary-dir for .dsc files. These are used to create a Debian source index, which is output to stdout. The override-file, if given, is used to set priorities in the res... |
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dpkg-split(8) -- Debian package archive split/join tool
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dpkg-split splits Debian binary package files into smaller parts and reassembles them again, to support the storage of large package files on small media such as floppy disks. It can be operated manua... |
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dpkg-statoverride(8) -- override ownership and mode of files
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`stat overrides' are a way to tell dpkg to use a different owner or mode for a file when a package is installed. (note: I use the word `file' here, but in reality this can be any filesystem object t... |
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dselect(8) -- console Debian package handling frontend
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dselect is the primary user interface for installing, removing and managing Debian GNU/Linux packages. It is an front-end to dpkg(8). Normally dselect is invoked without parameters, but some commandli... |
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dumpe2fs(8) -- dump filesystem information
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dumpe2fs prints the super block and blocks group information for the filesystem present on device. dumpe2fs is similar to Berkeley's dumpfs program for the BSD Fast File System. |
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e2fsck(8) -- check a Linux second extended file system
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e2fsck is used to check a Linux second extended file system (e2fs). E2fsck also supports ext2 filesystems countaining a journal, which are also sometimes known as ext3 filesystems. device is the devic... |
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e2image(8) -- Save critical ext2 filesystem data to a file
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The e2image program will save critical filesystem data on the ext2 filesystem located on device to a file specified by image-file. The image file may be examined by dumpe2fs and debugfs, by using the ... |
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e2label(8) -- Change the label on an ext2 filesystem
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e2label will display or change the filesystem label on the ext2 filesystem located on device. If the optional argument new-label is not present, e2label will simply display the current filesystem labe... |
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efibootmgr(8) -- manipulate the EFI Boot Manager
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efibootmgr is a userspace application used to modify the Intel Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) Boot Manager. This application can create and destroy boot entries, change the boot order, change the... |
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elilo(8) -- install EFI boot loader
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This manual page documents briefly the elilo command, which was written specifically for the Debian distribution to simplify configuring and using the elilo.efi bootloader. There are two parts to elil... |
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eliloalt(8) -- manipulate elilo alternate
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The eliloalt command makes it possible to coerce elilo to boot an alternate kernel configuration one time only, as when engaging in kernel development or debugging. |
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elvtune(8) -- I/O elevator tuner
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elvtune allows to tune the I/O elevator per blockdevice queue basis. The tuning can be safely done at runtime. Tuning the elevator means being able to change disk performance and interactiveness. In t... |
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exicyclog(8) -- program to cycle exim logs
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The exicyclog script cycles the main and reject log files. Each time it is run the files get 'shuffled down' by one. The mainlog file becomes mainlog.1, the previous mainlog.1 becomes mainlog.2 and ... |
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exigrep(8) -- program to extract information from exim logs
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exigrep is a Perl script, provided in the util directory, that extracts from one or more log files all entries relevant to any message whose log entries contain at least one that matches a given patte... |
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exim(8) -- Mail Transfer Agent
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Exim is a mail transport agent (MTA) developed at the University of Cambridge for use on Unix systems connected to the Internet. It is freely available under the terms of the GNU General Public Licenc... |
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eximconfig(8) -- interactive configure script for exim
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The perl script eximconfig asks you a series of questions, and writes an exim.conf file accordingly. It will destroy any customisation you have made to the configuration file, so you probably only wan... |
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eximstats(8) -- exim mail statistics
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A Perl script called eximstats is supplied in the util directory. This has been hacked about quite a bit over time. It now gives quite a lot of information by default, but there are options for suppre... |
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exim_db(8) -- program to maintain exim mailer hint databases
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Three utility programs are provided for maintaining the DBM files that Exim uses to contain its delivery hint information. Each program requires two arguments. The first specifies the name of Exim's ... |
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exim_dbmbuild(8) -- program to build a database file for exim
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The exim_dbmbuild program reads an input file in the format of an alias file (see chapter 20) and writes a DBM database using the lower-cased alias names as keys and the remainder of the information a... |
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exim_dumpdb(8) --
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exim_fixdb(8) --
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exim_lock(8) -- A program to lock a file exactly as Exim would
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exim_lock is a program to lock a file in exactly the same way as Exim would. It is intended for the investigation of interlocking problems, but can also be used to prevent Exim from modifying the file... |
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exim_tidydb(8) --
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exinext(8) -- program to extract information from exim retry database
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A utility called exinext (mostly a perl script) provides the ability to fish specific information out of the retry database. Given a mail domain (or a complete address), it looks up the hosts for that... |
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exiqsumm(8) -- script to summarise contents of mail queue
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The perl script called exiqsumm summarises a mail queue, by grouping together all entries that are addressed to the same domain, and listing the number of messages, number of bytes, and the oldest and... |
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exiwhat(8) -- programs to query what running exim processes are doing
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The shell script called exiwhat first of all empties the processlog file in Exim's log directory. It then uses the ps command to find all processes running exim, and sends each one the SIGUSR1 signal... |
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faillog(8) -- examine faillog and set login failure limits
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faillog formats the contents of the failure log, /var/log/faillog, and maintains failure counts and limits. The order of the arguments to faillog is significant. Each argument is processed immediately... |
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fdformat(8) -- Low-level formats a floppy disk
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fdformat does a low level format on a floppy disk. device is usually one of the following (for floppy devices, the major = 2, and the minor is shown for informational purposes only): /dev/fd0d360 (min... |
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fdisk(8) -- Partition table manipulator for Linux
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Hard disks can be divided into one or more logical disks called parti- tions. This division is described in the partition table found in sector 0 of the disk. In the BSD world one talks about `disk sl... |
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fdutilsconfig(8) -- configure the suid bit of fdmount
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The fdutilsconfig script provides an interactive way to configure the suid bit of the fdmount(1) binary. It asks you some questions, give you a hint if needed, and enters your choice to /etc/fdmount.c... |
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fsck(8) -- check and repair a Linux file system
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fsck is used to check and optionally repair a one or more Linux file systems. filesys can be a device name (e.g. /dev/hdc1, /dev/sdb2), a mount point (e.g. /, /usr, /home), or an ext2 label or UUID sp... |
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fsck.ext2(8) -- check a Linux second extended file system
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e2fsck is used to check a Linux second extended file system (e2fs). E2fsck also supports ext2 filesystems countaining a journal, which are also sometimes known as ext3 filesystems. device is the devic... |
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fsck.ext3(8) -- check a Linux second extended file system
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e2fsck is used to check a Linux second extended file system (e2fs). E2fsck also supports ext2 filesystems countaining a journal, which are also sometimes known as ext3 filesystems. device is the devic... |
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fsck.minix(8) -- a file system consistency checker for Linux
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fsck.minix performs a consistency check for the Linux MINIX filesystem. The current version supports the 14 character and 30 character filename options. The program assumes the file system is quiescen... |
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genksyms(8) -- generate symbol version information
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Genksyms reads (on standard input) the output from "gcc -E source.c" and generates a file containing version information. Depending on the output format indicated by the -k option, the output will e... |
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getkeycodes(8) -- print kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table
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The getkeycodes command prints the kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table. |
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getty(8) -- alternative Linux getty
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getty opens a tty port, prompts for a login name and invokes the /bin/login command. It is normally invoked by init(8). getty has several non-standard features that are useful for hard-wired and for d... |
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groupadd(8) -- Create a new group
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The groupadd command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line and the default values from the system. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed. T... |
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groupdel(8) -- Delete a group
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The groupdel command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to group. The named group must exist. You must manually check all filesystems to insure that no files remain wit... |
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groupmod(8) -- Modify a group
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The groupmod command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line. The options which apply to the groupmod command are -g gid The numerical value of ... |
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grpck(8) -- verify integrity of group files
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grpck verifies the integrity of the system authentication information. All entries in the /etc/group and /etc/gshadow are checked to see that the entry has the proper format and valid data in each fie... |
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halt(8) -- stop the system.
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Halt notes that the system is being brought down in the file /var/log/wtmp, and then either tells the kernel to halt, reboot or poweroff the system. If halt or reboot is called when the system is not ... |
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hwclock(8) -- query and set the hardware clock (RTC)
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hwclock is a tool for accessing the Hardware Clock. You can display the current time, set the Hardware Clock to a specified time, set the Hardware Clock to the System Time, and set the System Time fro... |
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ifconfig(8) -- configure a network interface
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Ifconfig is used to configure the kernel-resident network interfaces. It is used at boot time to set up interfaces as necessary. After that, it is usually only needed when debugging or when system tun... |
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ifup(8) -- bring a network interface up ifdown - take a network interface down
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The ifup and ifdown commands may be used to configure (or, respectively, deconfigure) network interfaces, based on descriptions of the interfaces entered into the file /etc/network/interfaces. |
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in.ftpd(8) -- Internet File Transfer Protocol server
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Ftpd is the Internet File Transfer Protocol server process. The server uses the TCP protocol and listens at the port specified in the ``ftp'' service specification; see services(5). Available option... |
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in.identtestd(8) -- a small daemon that can be used to test Ident servers
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in.identtestd is a small daemon (to be started from inetd) that does an ident lookup on you if you telnet into it. Can be used to verify that your Ident server is working correctly. The source code ca... |
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in.telnetd(8) -- DARPA telnet protocol server
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The telnetd program is a server which supports the DARPA telnet interactive communication protocol. Telnetd is normally invoked by the internet server (see inetd(8)) for requests to connect to the tel... |
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inetd(8) -- internet ``super-server''
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Inetd should be run at boot time by /etc/init.d/inetd (or /etc/rc.local on some systems). It then listens for connections on certain internet sockets. When a connection is found on one of its sockets,... |
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init(8) -- process control initialization
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Init Init is the parent of all processes. Its primary role is to create processes from a script stored in the file /etc/inittab (see init- tab(5)). This file usually has entries which cause init to sp... |
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insmod(8) -- install loadable kernel module
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insmod installs a loadable module in the running kernel. insmod tries to link a module into the running kernel by resolving all symbols from the kernel's exported symbol table. If the module file nam... |
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install-info(8) -- create or update entry in Info directory
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install-info makes, updates or removes entries in the Info directory, the dir file. When updating or creating entries, if no description is specified on the command line or in the Info file it attempt... |
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install-keymap(8) -- expand a given keymap and install it as boot-time keymap
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install-keymap usually takes a keymap-name as argument. The file is passed to loadkeys for loading, so that valid values for this argument are the same than that of arguments to loadkeys. install-keym... |
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installkernel(8) -- install a new kernel image
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installkernel installs a new kernel image onto the system from the Linux source tree. It is called by the Linux kernel makefiles when make install is invoked there. The new kernel is installed into {d... |
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intro(8) -- Introduction to administration and privileged commands
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This chapter describes commands which either can be or are only used by the superuser, like daemons and machine or hardware related commands. |
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invoke-rc.d(8) -- executes System-V style init script actions
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invoke-rc.d is a generic interface to execute System V style init script /etc/init.d/name actions, obeying runlevel constraints as well as any local policies set by the system administrator. All acces... |
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ip6tables(8) -- IPv6 packet filter administration
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Ip6tables is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IPv6 packet filter rules in the Linux kernel. Several different tables may be defined. Each table contains a number of built-in chains ... |
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ip6tables-restore(8) -- Restore IPv6 Tables
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ip6tables-restore is used to restore IPv6 Tables from data specified on STDIN. Use I/O redirection provided by your shell to read from a file -c, --counters restore the values of all packet and byte c... |
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ip6tables-save(8) -- Save IPv6 Tables
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ip6tables-save is used to dump the contents of an IPv6 Table in easily parseable format to STDOUT. Use I/O-redirection provided by your shell to write to a file. -c, --counters include the current val... |
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ipcrm(8) -- provide information on ipc facilities
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ipcrm will remove the resource(s) specified by id. |
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ipcs(8) -- provide information on ipc facilities
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ipcs provides information on the ipc facilities for which the calling process has read acccess. The -i option allows a specific resource id to be specified. Only information on this id will be printed... |
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ippool(8) -- ?
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BUGS "The man page really sucks." |
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iptables(8) -- IP packet filter administration
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Iptables is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IP packet filter rules in the Linux kernel. Several different tables may be defined. Each table contains a number of built-in chains and... |
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iptables-restore(8) -- Restore IP Tables
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iptables-restore is used to restore IP Tables from data specified on STDIN. Use I/O redirection provided by your shell to read from a file -c, --counters restore the values of all packet and byte coun... |
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iptables-save(8) -- Save IP Tables
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iptables-save is used to dump the contents of an IP Table in easily parseable format to STDOUT. Use I/O-redirection provided by your shell to write to a file. -c, --counters include the current values... |
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kallsyms(8) -- Extract all kernel symbols for debugging
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Kallsyms extracts all the non-stack symbols from a kernel and builds a data blob that can be linked into that kernel for use by debuggers. A normal kernel only exports symbols that are used by modules... |
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kbdrate(8) -- reset the keyboard repeat rate and delay time
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kbdrate is used to change the keyboard repeat rate and delay time. The delay is the amount of time that a key must be depressed before it will start to repeat. Using kbdrate without any options will r... |
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killall5(8) -- send a signal to all processes.
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killall5 is the SystemV killall command. It sends a signal to all processes except the processes in its own session, so it won't kill the shell that is running the script it was called from. Its prim... |
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klogd(8) -- Kernel Log Daemon
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klogd is a system daemon which intercepts and logs Linux kernel messages. |
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ksyms(8) -- display exported kernel symbols.
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Ksyms shows information about exported kernel symbols. The format is address, name, and defining module. OPTIONS [Toc] [Back] -a, --all Display all symbols. By default, symbols from the kernel p... |
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lastlog(8) -- examine lastlog file
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lastlog formats and prints the contents of the last login log, /var/log/lastlog. The login-name, port, and last login time will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed,... |
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ld.so(8) -- dynamic linker/loader
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ld.so loads the shared libraries needed by a program, prepares the program to run, and then runs it. Unless explicitly specified via the -static option to ld during compilation, all Linux programs are... |
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ldconfig(8) -- determine run-time link bindings
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ldconfig creates the necessary links and cache (for use by the run-time linker, ld.so) to the most recent shared libraries found in the directories specified on the command line, in the file /etc/ld.s... |
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logrotate(8) -- rotates, compresses, and mails system logs
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logrotate is designed to ease administration of systems that generate large numbers of log files. It allows automatic rotation, compression, removal, and mailing of log files. Each log file may be han... |
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losetup(8) -- set up and control loop devices
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losetup is used to associate loop devices with regular files or block devices, to detach loop devices and to query the status of a loop device. If only the loop_device argument is given, the status of... |
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lsmod(8) -- list loaded modules.
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lsmod shows information about all loaded modules. The format is name, size, use count, list of referring modules. The information displayed is identical to that available from /proc/modules. If the mo... |
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mailq(8) --
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makedbm(8) -- create or dump a ypserv database file
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makedbm takes the inputfile and converts it to a ypserv database file. In the moment, GDBM is used as database. Each line of the input file is converted to a single record. All characters up to the fi... |
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MAKEDEV(8) -- create devices
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MAKEDEV is a script that will create the devices in /dev used to interface with drivers in the kernel. This man page is woefully out of date. A large number of devices are supported that are not docum... |
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MAKEFLOPPIES(8) --
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mandb(8) -- create or update the manual page index caches
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mandb is used to initialise or manually update index database caches that are usually maintained by man. The caches contain information relevant to the current state of the manual page system and the ... |
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mii-tool(8) -- view, manipulate media-independent interface status
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This utility checks or sets the status of a network interface's Media Independent Interface (MII) unit. Most fast ethernet adapters use an MII to autonegotiate link speed and duplex setting. Most int... |
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mkboot(8) -- makes a bootdisk
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mkboot makes a bootdisk. By default the bootdisk will use the kernel /boot/vmlinuz and the current root partition. Use the -r option to specify a different parition, and provide the new kernel file di... |
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mkdosfs(8) -- create an MS-DOS file system under Linux
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mkdosfs is used to create an MS-DOS file system under Linux on a device (usually a disk partition). device is the special file corresponding to the device (e.g /dev/hdXX). block-count is the number of... |
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mke2fs(8) -- create a Linux second extended file system
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mke2fs is used to create a Linux second extended file system on a device (usually a disk partition). device is the special file corresponding to the device (e.g /dev/hdXX). blocks-count is the number ... |
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mkfs(8) -- build a Linux file system
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mkfs is used to build a Linux file system on a device, usually a hard disk partition. filesys is either the device name (e.g. /dev/hda1, /dev/sdb2) or the mount point (e.g. /, /usr, /home) for the fil... |
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mkfs.ext2(8) -- create a Linux second extended file system
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mke2fs is used to create a Linux second extended file system on a device (usually a disk partition). device is the special file corresponding to the device (e.g /dev/hdXX). blocks-count is the number ... |
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mkfs.ext3(8) -- create a Linux second extended file system
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mke2fs is used to create a Linux second extended file system on a device (usually a disk partition). device is the special file corresponding to the device (e.g /dev/hdXX). blocks-count is the number ... |
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mkfs.minix(8) -- make a Linux MINIX filesystem
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mkfs.minix creates a Linux MINIX file-system on a device (usually a disk partition). The device is usually of the following form: /dev/hda[1-8] (IDE disk 1) /dev/hdb[1-8] (IDE disk 2) /dev/sda[1-8] (S... |
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mklost+found(8) -- create a lost+found directory on a mounted Linux second extended file system
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mklost+found is used to create a lost+found directory in the current working directory on a Linux second extended file system. There is normally a lost+found directory in the root directory of each fi... |
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mknetid(8) -- generate data for netid map
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mknetid generates the netid.byname NIS map from the contents of the group(5), passwd(5), hosts(5) and netid files. It checks for multiple entrys of netids and warn for them or filters them out. It is ... |
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mkswap(8) -- set up a Linux swap area
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mkswap sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file. (After creating the swap area, you need the swapon command to start using it. Usually swap areas are listed in /etc/fstab so that they can be... |
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modconf(8) -- a module configuration utility
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modconf is a script for installing kernel modules on Linux. It can be used interactively (GUI mode) or from the command-line (batch mode). |
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modinfo(8) -- display information about a kernel module
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The modinfo utility examines the object file module_file associated with a kernel module and displays any information that it can glean. OPTIONS [Toc] [Back] -a, --author Display the module's a... |
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modprobe(8) -- high level handling of loadable modules
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The modprobe and depmod utilities are intended to make a Linux modular kernel more manageable for all users, administrators and distribution maintainers. Modprobe uses a "Makefile"-like dependency f... |
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mount(8) -- mount a file system
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All files accessible in a Unix system are arranged in one big tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at /. These files can be spread out over several devices. The mount command serves to attach the file sys... |
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nameif(8) -- name network interfaces based on MAC addresses
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nameif renames network interfaces based on mac addresses. When no arguments are given /etc/mactab is read. Each line of it contains an interface name and a Ethernet MAC address. Comments are allowed s... |
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netstat(8) -- Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multica...
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Netstat prints information about the Linux networking subsystem. The type of information printed is controlled by the first argument, as follows: (none) By default, netstat displays a list of open soc... |
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newaliases(8) -- update /etc/aliases database
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This is a simple shell script calling /usr/lib/sendmail with the -bi option. It is provided for compatibility with the sendmail program. It is not actually necessary to notify exim of changes to /etc/... |
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newusers(8) -- update and create new users in batch
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newusers reads a file of user name and cleartext password pairs and uses this information to update a group of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard pa... |
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nisdomainname(8) --
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nsupdate(8) -- Dynamic DNS update utility
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nsupdate is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC2136 to a name server. This allows resource records to be added or removed from a zone without manually editing the zone file. A... |
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paperconfig(8) -- configure the system default paper size
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paperconfig sets the system (or default) paper to be used by tools using the papersize file. It can either ask interactively for the paper to use or be called non-interactively by scripts. |
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parted(8) -- a partition manipulation program
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This manual page documents briefly the parted command. Complete documentation is distributed with the package. parted is a disk partitioning and partition resizing program. It allows you to create, de... |
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pidof(8) -- find the process ID of a running program.
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Pidof finds the process id's (pids) of the named programs. It prints those id's on the standard output. This program is on some systems used in run-level change scripts, especially when the system h... |
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ping(8) -- send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
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Ping uses the ICMP protocol's mandatory ECHO_REQUEST datagram to elicit an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway. ECHO_REQUEST datagrams (``pings'') have an IP and ICMP header, followed by a ``... |
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pivot_root(8) -- change the root file system
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pivot_root moves the root file system of the current process to the directory put_old and makes new_root the new root file system. Since pivot_root(8) simply calls pivot_root(2), we refer to the man p... |
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plipconfig(8) -- fine tune PLIP device parameters
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Plipconfig is used to (hopefully) improve PLIP performance by changing the default timing parameters used by the PLIP protocol. Results are dependent on the parallel port hardware, cable, and the CPU ... |
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pmap_dump(8) -- print a list of all registered RPC programs
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The pmap_dump command can be used to restart a running portmapper or to print a list of all registered RPC programs on the local host. If you want to use the program to restart the portmapper you have... |
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pmap_set(8) -- set the list of registered RPC programs
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The pmap_set command can be used to restart a running portmapper or to set the list of registered RPC programs on the local host. If you want to use the program to restart the portmapper you have to r... |
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portmap(8) -- DARPA port to RPC program number mapper
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Portmap is a server that converts RPC program numbers into DARPA protocol port numbers. It must be running in order to make RPC calls. When an RPC server is started, it will tell portmap what port num... |
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poweroff(8) --
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pppconfig(8) -- configure pppd
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pppconfig is a dialog based interactive, menu driven utility to help automate setting up a dial out ppp connection. It provides extensive explanations at each step. pppconfig supports PAP, CHAP, and c... |
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pppd(8) -- Point to Point Protocol daemon
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The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) provides a method for transmitting datagrams over serial point-to-point links. PPP is composed of three parts: a method for encapsulating datagrams over serial links,... |
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pppdump(8) -- convert PPP record file to readable format
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The pppdump utility converts the files written using the record option of pppd into a human-readable format. If one or more filenames are specified, pppdump will read each in turn; otherwise it will r... |
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pppoe(8) -- user-space PPPoE client.
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pppoe is a user-space client for PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) for Linux and other UNIX systems. pppoe works in concert with the pppd PPP daemon to provide a PPP connection over Ethern... |
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pppoe-relay(8) -- user-space PPPoE relay agent.
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pppoe-relay is a user-space relay agent for PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) for Linux. pppoe-relay works in concert with the pppoe client and pppoe-server server. See the OPERATION secti... |
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pppoe-server(8) -- user-space PPPoE server
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pppoe-server is a user-space server for PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) for Linux and other UNIX systems. pppoe-server works in concert with the pppoe client to respond to PPPoE discover... |
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pppoe-sniff(8) -- examine network for non-standard PPPoE frames
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pppoe-sniff listens for likely-looking PPPoE PADR and session frames and deduces extra options required for pppoe(8) to work. Some DSL providers seem to use non-standard frame types for PPPoE frames, ... |
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pppoeconf(8) -- configures a PPPoE (ADSL) connection
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The pppoeconf program is userfriendly dialog based setup tool for pppoe and pppd. It will look for existing ethernet cards and look for ADSL hardware connected to one of them. Then it will get some lo... |
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pppstats(8) -- print PPP statistics
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The pppstats utility reports PPP-related statistics at regular intervals for the specified PPP interface. If the interface is unspecified, it will default to ppp0. The display is split horizontally in... |
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pwck(8) -- verify integrity of password files
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pwck verifies the integrity of the system authentication information. All entries in the /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow are checked to see that the entry has the proper format and valid data in each fiel... |
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pwconv(8) -- convert to and from shadow passwords and groups.
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These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files: /etc/passwd, /etc/group, /etc/shadow, and /etc/gshadow. pwconv creates shadow from passwd and an optionally existing ... |
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pwupdate(8) -- updates passwd and shadow NIS map
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pwupdate is invoked by rpc.yppasswdd(8) after changing the password and it should update the passwd and shadow NIS map. Never run it by hand. |
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rarp(8) -- manipulate the system RARP table
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Rarp manipulates the kernel's RARP table in various ways. The primary options are clearing an address mapping entry and manually setting up one. For debugging purposes, the rarp program also allows a... |
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raw(8) -- bind a Linux raw character device
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raw is used to bind a Linux raw character device to a block device. Any block device may be used: at the time of binding, the device driver does not even have to be accessible (it may be loaded on dem... |
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reboot(8) --
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resize2fs(8) -- ext2 file system resizer
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The resize2fs program will resize ext2 file systems. It can be used to enlarge or shrink an ext2 file system located on device so that it will have size blocks. If the size parameter is not specified,... |
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resolv+(8) -- enhanced DNS resolver library
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Resolv+ is a modified version of the standard Berkeley BIND host resolver library. Enhancements include support for host lookups via the Internet Domain Name System (DNS), the /etc/hosts file, and Sun... |
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revnetgroup(8) -- generate reverse netgroup data
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revnetgroup processes the contents of a netgroup file into a reverse netgroup form. |
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rmail(8) --
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rmmod(8) -- unload loadable modules
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rmmod unloads loadable modules from the running kernel. rmmod tries to unload a set of modules from the kernel, with the restriction that they are not in use and that they are not referred to by other... |
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rmt(8) -- remote magtape protocol module
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Rmt is a program used by tar, cpio, mt, and the remote dump and restore programs in manipulating a magnetic tape drive through an interprocess communication connection. Rmt is normally started up with... |
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route(8) -- show / manipulate the IP routing table
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Route manipulates the kernel's IP routing tables. Its primary use is to set up static routes to specific hosts or networks via an interface after it has been configured with the ifconfig(8) program. ... |
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rpc.rusersd(8) -- logged in users server
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rpc.rusersd is a server which returns information about users currently logged in to the system. The currently logged in users are queried using the rusers(1) command. The rpc.rusersd daemon is normal... |
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rpc.yppasswdd(8) -- NIS password update daemon
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rpc.yppasswdd is the RPC server that lets users change their passwords in the presence of NIS (a.k.a. YP). It must be run on the NIS master server for that NIS domain. When a yppasswd(1) client contac... |
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rpc.ypxfrd(8) -- NIS map transfer server
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rpc.ypxfrd is used for speed up the transfer of very large NIS maps from a NIS master to the NIS slave server. If a NIS slave server receives a message, that there is a new map, it will start ypxfr fo... |
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rpcinfo(8) -- report RPC information
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rpcinfo makes an RPC call to an RPC server and reports what it finds. |
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rsmtp(8) --
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run-parts(8) -- run scripts or programs in a directory
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run-parts runs a number of scripts or programs found in a single directory directory. Filenames should consist entirely of upper and lower case letters, digits, underscores, and hyphens. Subdirectorie... |
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runlevel(8) -- find the current and previous system runlevel.
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Runlevel reads the system utmp file (typically /var/run/utmp) to locate the runlevel record, and then prints the previous and current system runlevel on its standard output, separated by a single spac... |
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runq(8) --
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safe_finger(8) -- finger client wrapper that protects against nasty stuff from finger servers
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The safe_finger command protects against nasty stuff from finger servers. Use this program for automatic reverse finger probes from the tcp_wrapper (tcpd) , not the raw finger command. The safe_finger... |
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savelog(8) -- save a log file
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The savelog command saves and optionally compresses old copies of files. Older versions of file are named: file. where is the version number, 0 being the newest. Vers... |
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sendmail(8) --
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setkeycodes(8) -- load kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries
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The setkeycodes command reads its arguments two at a time, each pair of arguments consisting of a scancode (given in hexadecimal) and a keycode (given in decimal). For each such pair, it tells the ker... |
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setsid(8) -- run a program in a new session
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setsid runs a program in a new session. |
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sfdisk(8) -- Partition table manipulator for Linux
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sfdisk has four (main) uses: list the size of a partition, list the partitions on a device, check the partitions on a device, and - very dangerous - repartition a device. List Sizes [Toc] [Back]... |
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shadowconfig(8) -- toggle shadow passwords on and off
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shadowconfig on will turn shadow passwords on; shadowconfig off will turn shadow passwords off. shadowconfig will print an error message and exit with a nonzero code if it finds anything awry. If that... |
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shutdown(8) -- bring the system down
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shutdown brings the system down in a secure way. All logged-in users are notified that the system is going down, and login(1) is blocked. It is possible to shut the system down immediately or after a ... |
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slattach(8) -- attach a network interface to a serial line
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Slattach is a tiny little program that can be used to put a normal terminal ("serial") line into one of several "network" modes, thus allowing you to use it for point-to-point links to other compu... |
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start-stop-daemon(8) -- start and stop system daemon programs
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start-stop-daemon is used to control the creation and termination of system-level processes. Using the --exec, --pidfile, --user, and --name options, start-stop-daemon can be configured to find existi... |
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sulogin(8) -- Single-user login
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sulogin is invoked by init(8) when the system goes into single user mode (this is done through an entry in inittab(5)). Init also tries to execute sulogin when it is passed the -b flag from the bootmo... |
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swapoff(8) --
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swapon(8) -- enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping
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Swapon is used to specify devices on which paging and swapping are to take place. Calls to swapon normally occur in the system multi-user initialization file /etc/rc making all swap devices available,... |
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sysctl(8) -- configure kernel parameters at runtime
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sysctl is used to modify kernel parameters at runtime. The parameters available are those listed under /proc/sys/. Procfs is required for sysctl(8) support in Linux. You can use sysctl(8) to both read... |
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sysklogd(8) -- Linux system logging utilities.
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Sysklogd provides two system utilities which provide support for system logging and kernel message trapping. Support of both internet and unix domain sockets enables this utility package to support bo... |
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syslog-facility(8) -- Setup and remove LOCALx facility for sysklogd
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syslog-facility can be used to setup a syslog facility and to remove it. The primary use of this perl script is to allow packages to automatically setup (and remove) a LOCALx facility. With the first ... |
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syslogd(8) --
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syslogd-listfiles(8) -- list system logfiles
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Sysklogd provides a modern mechanism to log system messages. This mechanism is controlled by the file /etc/syslog.conf. Messages are divided into logfiles which can grow quite big. Therefore the logfi... |
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tasksel(8) -- a user interface for installing tasks
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tasksel shows all available tasks and allows to user to select ones to install |
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tcpd(8) -- access control facility for internet services
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The tcpd program can be set up to monitor incoming requests for telnet, finger, ftp, exec, rsh, rlogin, tftp, talk, comsat and other services that have a one-to-one mapping onto executable files. The ... |
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tcpdchk(8) -- tcp wrapper configuration checker
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tcpdchk examines your tcp wrapper configuration and reports all potential and real problems it can find. The program examines the tcpd access control files (by default, these are /etc/hosts.allow and ... |
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tcpdmatch(8) -- tcp wrapper oracle
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tcpdmatch predicts how the tcp wrapper would handle a specific request for service. Examples are given below. The program examines the tcpd access control tables (default /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hos... |
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telinit(8) --
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telnetlogin(8) -- login wrapper for telnetd
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telnetlogin is a setuid wrapper that runs login(1). It is meant to be invoked by telnetd(8); the idea is to remove the necessity of running telnetd as root. telnetlogin should be installed mode 4750, ... |
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termwrap(8) -- terminal wrapper
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termwrap is used to execute base-config(8) on newly installed Debian systems. It examines the environment, taking note of locale settings, and what type of console is available, and runs an appropriat... |
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try-from(8) -- test program for the tcp_wrapper
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The try-from command can be called via a remote shell command to find out if the hostname and address are properly recognized by the tcp_wrapper library, if username lookup works, and (SysV only) if t... |
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tune2fs(8) -- adjust tunable filesystem parameters on second extended filesystems
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tune2fs adjusts tunable filesystem parameters on a Linux second extended filesystem. |
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tunelp(8) -- set various parameters for the lp device
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tunelp sets several parameters for the /dev/lp? devices, for better performance (or for any performance at all, if your printer won't work without it...) Without parameters, it tells whether the devi... |
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tzselect(8) -- select a time zone
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The tzselect program asks the user for information about the current location, and outputs the resulting time zone description to standard output. The output is suitable as a value for the TZ environm... |
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tzsetup(8) -- set the local timezone
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This manual page explains how you can use the tzsetup utility to set the local timezone. This is necessary to let your system know about the difference between system time and local time (the time in ... |
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umount(8) -- unmount file systems
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The umount command detaches the file system(s) mentioned from the file hierarchy. A file system is specified by giving the directory where it has been mounted. Giving the special device on which the f... |
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unix_chkpwd(8) -- check the password of the invoking user
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A helper binary for the pam_unix module, unix_chkpwd, is provided to check the user's password when it is stored in a read protected database, such as shadow'd passwords. This binary is very simple ... |
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update-alternatives(8) -- maintain symbolic links determining default commands
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update-alternatives creates, removes, maintains and displays information about the symbolic links comprising the Debian alternatives system. It is possible for several programs fulfilling the same or ... |
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update-fonts-alias(8) -- compile fonts.alias files
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update-fonts-alias assembles a fonts.alias file in an X font directory using one or more alias files found in a subdirectory of /etc/X11/fonts/. It is typically invoked only from the post-installation... |
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update-fonts-dir(8) -- compile fonts.dir files
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update-fonts-dir creates a fonts.dir file in an X font directory by invoking mkfontdir(1) with the appropriate arguments. It is typically invoked only from the post-installation and post-removal scrip... |
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update-fonts-scale(8) -- compile fonts.scale files
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update-fonts-scale assembles a fonts.scale file in an X font directory using one or more scale files found in a subdirectory of /etc/X11/fonts/. It is typically invoked only from the post-installation... |
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update-inetd(8) -- create, remove, enable or disable entry in /etc/inetd.conf
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update-inetd can be used to add, remove, enable or disable entries in the /etc/inetd.conf file (you can specify a different file by using the --file option). After the /etc/inetd.conf file has been ch... |
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update-modules(8) -- (re)generate /etc/modules.conf and /etc/chandev.conf
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update-modules is a simple tool to manage /etc/modules.conf and /etc/chandev.conf for the s390 architecture. The Linux module utilities use one configuration file for all their configuration. This mak... |
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update-passwd(8) -- safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group
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update-passwd handles updates of /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group on running Debian systems. It compares the current files to master copies, distributed in the base-passwd package, and updates ... |
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update-rc.d(8) -- install and remove System-V style init script links
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update-rc.d automatically updates the System V style init script links /etc/rcrunlevel.d/NNname to scripts /etc/init.d/name. These are run by init when changing runlevels and are generally used to sta... |
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update-xpdfrc(8) -- program to generate xpdf's configuration file
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update-xpdfrc is a program used to generate the xpdfrc(5) file used by xpdf. You may edit the file /etc/xpdf/xpdfrc to configure xpdf. However, do not edit the configuration file /etc/xpdfrc directly.... |
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useradd(8) -- Create a new user or update default new user information
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Creating New Users When invoked without the -D option, the useradd command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line and the default values from the system. The new use... |
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userdel(8) -- Delete a user account and related files
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The userdel command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to login. If USERGROUPS_ENAB is set to yes in /etc/login.defs, then userdel will also remove entries in /etc/grou... |
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usermod(8) -- Modify a user account
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The usermod command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line. The options which apply to the usermod command are -c comment The new value of the ... |
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vipw(8) -- edit the password, group, shadow-password, or shadow-group file.
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vipw and vigr will edit the files /etc/passwd and /etc/group, respectively. With the -s flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, /etc/shadow and /etc/gshadow, respectively. The program... |
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vmstat(8) -- Report virtual memory statistics
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vmstat reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and cpu activity. The first report produced gives averages since the last reboot. Additional reports give information on a ... |
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ypbind(8) -- NIS binding process
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ypbind finds the server for NIS domains and maintains the NIS binding information. The client (normaly the NIS routines in the standard C library) could get the information over RPC from ypbind or rea... |
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ypdomainname(8) --
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ypinit(8) -- NIS database install and build program
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ypinit builds the domain subdirectory of /var/yp for the current default domain. After building the domain subdirectory, ypinit builds a complete set of administrative maps for your system and places ... |
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yppasswdd(8) --
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yppoll(8) -- return version and master server of a NIS map
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yppoll |
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yppush(8) -- force propagation of changed NIS databases
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yppush copies updated NIS databases (or maps) from the master NIS server to the slave servers within a NIS domain. It is normally run only on the NIS master by /var/yp/Makefile after the master databa... |
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ypserv(8) -- NIS server
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The Network Information Service (NIS) provides a simple network lookup service consisting of databases and processes. The databases are gdbm files in a directory tree rooted at /var/yp. The ypserv dae... |
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ypset(8) -- bind ypbind to a particular NIS server
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In order to run ypset, ypbind must be initiated with the -ypset or -ypsetme options. See ypbind(8). ypset tells ypbind to get NIS services for the specified domain from the ypserv(8) process running o... |
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ypxfr(8) -- transfer NIS database from remote server to local host
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ypxfr copies an NIS database from one NIS server to the local host by using the NIS service. ypxfr is generally invoked by ypinit or by ypserv, when ypserv receives a map transfer request from yppush.... |
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ypxfrd(8) --
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zic(8) -- time zone compiler
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Zic reads text from the file(s) named on the command line and creates the time conversion information files specified in this input. If a filename is -, the standard input is read. These options are a... |
