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ac(8) -- connect time accounting
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If the file /var/log/wtmp exists, a record of individual login and logout times are written to it by login(1) and init(8), respectively. The ac utility examines these records and writes the accumulate... |
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accton(8) -- enable/disable system accounting
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The accton utility is used for switching system accounting on or off. If called with the argument acctfile, system accounting is enabled and a record of every process that is started by the execve(2) ... |
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acpiconf(8) -- control ACPI power management
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The acpiconf utility allows the user control of the ACPI power management functions. The following command-line options are recognized: -d Disables ACPI power management. -e Enables ACPI power managem... |
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acpidb(8) -- ACPI DSDT debugger
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|
The acpidb utility is a debugger for the ACPI DSDT. It can parse and execute various AML methods and display the result. |
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acpidump(8) -- dump ACPI tables and ASL
|
|
The acpidump utility analyzes ACPI tables in physical memory and can dump them to a file. In addition, acpidump can call iasl(8) to disassemble AML (ACPI Machine Language) found in these tables and du... |
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adding_user(8) -- procedure for adding new users
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A new user must choose a login name, which must not already appear in /etc/passwd or /etc/mail/aliases. It must also not begin with the hyphen `-' character. It is strongly recommended that it be all... |
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adduser(8) -- command for adding new users
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|
The adduser utility is a shell script, implemented around the pw(8) command, for adding new users. It creates passwd/group entries, a home directory, copies dotfiles and sends the new user a welcome m... |
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adjkerntz(8) -- adjust local time CMOS clock to reflect time zone changes and keep current timezone offset for the k...
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The adjkerntz utility maintains the proper relationship between the kernel clock, which is always set to UTC, and the CMOS clock, which may be set to local time. The adjkerntz utility also informs the... |
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amd(8) -- automatically mount file systems
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Amd is a daemon that automatically mounts file systems whenever a file or directory within that file system is accessed. File systems are automatically unmounted when they appear to be quiescent. Amd ... |
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amq(8) -- automounter query tool
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Amq provides a simple way of determining the current state of the amd(8) program. Communication is by RPC. Three modes of operation are supported by the current protocol. By default a list of mount po... |
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ancontrol(8) -- configure Aironet 4500/4800 devices
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The ancontrol utility controls the operation of Aironet wireless networking devices via the an(4) driver. Most of the parameters that can be changed relate to the IEEE 802.11 protocol which the Airone... |
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apm(8) -- control the APM BIOS and display its information
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The apm utility controls the Intel / Microsoft APM (Advanced Power Management) BIOS and displays the current status of APM on laptop PCs. The zzz utility suspends the system by controlling APM. The fo... |
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apmconf(8) -- control the APM BIOS and display its information
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|
The apm utility controls the Intel / Microsoft APM (Advanced Power Management) BIOS and displays the current status of APM on laptop PCs. The zzz utility suspends the system by controlling APM. The fo... |
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apmd(8) -- Advanced Power Management monitor daemon
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The apmd utility monitors the occurrence of the specified Advanced Power Management (APM) events and, if one of the events occurs, it executes the sequence of commands corresponding to the event. Only... |
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arp(8) -- address resolution display and control
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|
The arp utility displays and modifies the Internet-to-Ethernet address translation tables used by the address resolution protocol (arp(4)). With no flags, the program displays the current ARP entry fo... |
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asf(8) -- add symbol files
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|
By default, asf reads kldstat(8) output from standard input and writes to standard output a list of gdb(1) commands to add symbol files from KLDs in subdirectories of the subdirectory modules of the c... |
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atacontrol(8) -- ATA device driver control program
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The atacontrol utility is a control program that provides the user access and control to the FreeBSD ata(4) subsystem. The atacontrol utility can cause severe system crashes and loss of data if used i... |
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atm(8) -- user configuration and display command for HARP ATM interface
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atm configures and displays the status of the Host ATM Research Platform (HARP) networking software. The subcommands fall into several categories: Interface management subcommands allow manipulation o... |
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atmarpd(8) -- ATMARP/SCSP interface daemon
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|
The atmarpd utility provides an interface between the ATMARP server in the kernel and the SCSP daemon for the Host ATM Research Platform (HARP) networking software. The atmarpd utility reads the ATMAR... |
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atmconfig(8) -- ATM configuration tool
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|
The atmconfig tool is used to configure the Netgraph ATM network sub-system. The command line of atmconfig generally consists of common options followed by a command string, optionally followed by sub... |
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atrun(8) -- run jobs queued for later execution
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|
Atrun runs jobs queued by at(1). Root's crontab(5) file /etc/crontab has to contain the line */5 * * * * root /usr/libexec/atrun so that atrun gets invoked every five minutes. At every invocation, at... |
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badsect(8) -- create files to contain bad sectors
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|
The badsect utility makes a file to contain a bad sector. Normally, bad sectors are made inaccessible by the standard formatter, which provides a forwarding table for bad sectors to the driver. If a d... |
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bcmfw(8) -- firmware download utility for Broadcom BCM2033 chip based Bluetooth USB devices
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|
The bcmfw utility downloads the specified mini-driver and firmware files to the specified device. This utility will only work with Broadcom BCM2033 chip based Bluetooth USB devices. The identification... |
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boot(8) -- system bootstrapping procedures
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Power fail and crash recovery. Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes. An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed, and unless this fails, the sy... |
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boot0cfg(8) -- boot manager installation/configuration utility
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|
The FreeBSD `boot0' boot manager permits the operator to select from which disk and slice an i386 machine (PC) is booted. Note that what are referred to here as ``slices'' are typically called ``pa... |
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bootparamd(8) -- boot parameter server
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The bootparamd utility is a server process that provides information to diskless(8) clients necessary for booting. It consults the /etc/bootparams file. This version will allow the use of aliases on t... |
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bootpd(8) -- Internet Boot Protocol server/gateway
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|
The bootpd utility implements an Internet Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) server as defined in RFC951, RFC1532, and RFC1533. The bootpgw utility implements a simple BOOTP gateway which can be used to forwa... |
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bootpef(8) -- BOOTP Extension File compiler
|
|
The bootpef utility builds the Extension Path files described by RFC 1497 (tag 18). If any client-name arguments are specified, then bootpef compiles the extension files for only those clients. |
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bootpgw(8) -- Internet Boot Protocol server/gateway
|
|
The bootpd utility implements an Internet Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) server as defined in RFC951, RFC1532, and RFC1533. The bootpgw utility implements a simple BOOTP gateway which can be used to forwa... |
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bootptest(8) -- send BOOTP queries and print responses
|
|
The bootptest utility sends BOOTP requests to the host specified as server-name at one-second intervals until either a response is received, or until ten requests have gone unanswered. After a respons... |
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boot_i386(8) -- system bootstrapping procedures
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|
Power fail and crash recovery. Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes. An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed, and unless this fails, the sy... |
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bsdlabel(8) -- read and write disk pack label
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|
The bsdlabel utility installs, examines or modifies the BSD label on a disk partition. In addition, bsdlabel can install bootstrap code. Disk Device Name [Toc] [Back] When specifying the device,... |
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bt3cfw(8) -- firmware download utility for 3Com Bluetooth PC card driver
|
|
The bt3cfw utility connects to the specified Netgraph driver node of type BTCCC and downloads the specified firmware file. Due to copyright issues, I will no longer provide firmware with the card driv... |
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btxld(8) -- link editor for BTX clients
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|
The btxld utility binds the specified client executable together with a BTX loader program and the BTX kernel, and creates a composite object file suitable for loading during the boot process. The opt... |
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burncd(8) -- control the ATAPI CD-R/RW driver
|
|
The burncd utility is used to burn CD-R/RW media using the ATAPI cd driver. Available options and operands: -d burn the CD-R/RW in DAO (disk at once) mode. -e eject the media when done. -f device set ... |
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camcontrol(8) -- CAM control program
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|
The camcontrol utility is designed to provide a way for users to access and control the FreeBSD CAM subsystem. The camcontrol utility can cause a loss of data and/or system crashes if used improperly.... |
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catman.local(8) -- start makewhatis or catman for local file systems
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|
The makewhatis.local utility starts makewhatis(1) only for file systems physically mounted on the system where the makewhatis.local is being executed. Running makewhatis by periodic weekly for rw nfs-... |
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ccdconfig(8) -- configuration utility for the concatenated disk driver
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The ccdconfig utility is used to dynamically configure and unconfigure concatenated disk devices, or ccds. For more information about the ccd, see ccd(4). The options are as follows: -c Configure a cc... |
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chat(8) -- Automated conversational script with a modem
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|
The chat program defines a conversational exchange between the computer and the modem. Its primary purpose is to establish the connection between the Point-to-Point Protocol Daemon (pppd) and the remo... |
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chkgrp(8) -- check the syntax of the group file
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|
The chkgrp utility scans the given file or, failing that, the system-wide group file for errors. Specifically, it checks that every non-blank, non-comment entry is composed of four colon-separated fie... |
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chkprintcap(8) -- check validity of entries in the print spooler database
|
|
The chkprintcap utility scans a printcap(5) database (named by the printcap argument, or by default /etc/printcap), looking for entries which are invalid in one way or another. The following checks ar... |
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chown(8) -- change file owner and group
|
|
The chown utility changes the user ID and/or the group ID of the specified files. Symbolic links named by arguments are silently left unchanged unless -h is used. The options are as follows: -H If the... |
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chroot(8) -- change root directory
|
|
The chroot utility changes its current and root directories to the supplied directory newroot and then exec's command, if supplied, or an interactive copy of the user's login shell. If the -u, -g or... |
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clri(8) -- clear an inode
|
|
The clri utility is obsoleted for normal file system repair work by fsck(8). The clri utility zeroes out the inodes with the specified inode number(s) on the file system residing on the given special_... |
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comcontrol(8) -- control a special tty device
|
|
The comcontrol utility is used to examine and modify some of the special characteristics of the specified tty device. If no arguments other than the device (or "-" for stdin) are specified, it print... |
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comsat(8) -- biff server
|
|
The comsat utility is the server process which receives reports of incoming mail and notifies users if they have requested this service. The comsat utility receives messages on a datagram port associa... |
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config(8) -- build system configuration files
|
|
This is the old version of the config utility. It understands the old autoconfiguration scheme used on the HP300, i386, DECstation, and derivative platforms. The new version of config is used with the... |
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conscontrol(8) -- control physical console devices
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|
The conscontrol utility is used to examine and modify the physical devices which back the virtual console devices. If no arguments (or only the list command) are specified, the current console setting... |
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crash(8) -- FreeBSD system failures
|
|
This section explains a bit about system crashes and (very briefly) how to analyze crash dumps. When the system crashes voluntarily it prints a message of the form panic: why i gave up the ghost on th... |
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cron(8) -- daemon to execute scheduled commands (Vixie Cron)
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|
The cron utility should be started from /etc/rc or /etc/rc.local. It will return immediately, so you don't need to start it with '&'. The cron utility searches /var/cron/tabs for crontab files whic... |
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cvsbug(8) -- send problem report (PR) about CVS to a central support site
|
|
cvsbug is a tool used to submit problem reports (PRs) to a central support site. In most cases the correct site will be the default. This argument indicates the support site which is responsible for t... |
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daemon(8) -- run detached from the controlling terminal
|
|
The daemon utility detaches itself from the controlling terminal and executes the program specified by its arguments. The options are as follows: -c Change the current working directory to the root (`... |
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dconschat(8) -- user interface to dcons
|
|
The dconschat utility is designed to provide a way for users to access dcons(4) (dumb console device) on a local or remote system. The dconschat interacts with dcons(4) using kvm(3) or firewire(4) and... |
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devd(8) -- device state change daemon
|
|
The devd daemon provides a way to have userland programs run when certain kernel events happen. The following options are accepted. -D Enable debugging messages. -d Run in the foreground instead of be... |
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devfs(8) -- DEVFS control
|
|
The devfs utility provides an interface to manipulate properties of devfs(5) mounts. The keyword argument determines the context for the rest of the arguments. For example, most of the commands relate... |
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devinfo(8) -- print information about system device configuration
|
|
The devinfo utility, without any arguments, shows the hierarchy of devices available in the system, starting from the ``nexus'' device. The following options are accepted. -r Causes hardware resourc... |
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dhclient(8) -- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client
|
|
The Internet Software Consortium DHCP Client, dhclient, provides a means for configuring one or more network interfaces using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, BOOTP protocol, or if these proto... |
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dhclient-script(8) -- DHCP client network configuration script
|
|
The DHCP client network configuration script is invoked from time to time by dhclient(8). This script is used by the dhcp client to set each interface's initial configuration prior to requesting an a... |
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digictl(8) -- control Digiboard devices
|
|
The digictl utility provides control of the Digiboard installed with the given ctrl-device name and provides control of individual digiboard devices. A digiboard ctrl-device is usually of the form /de... |
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diskinfo(8) -- get information about disk device
|
|
The diskinfo utility prints out information about a disk device, and optionally runs a naive performance test on the device. If given no arguments, the output will be a single line per specified devic... |
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disklabel(8) -- read and write disk pack label
|
|
The bsdlabel utility installs, examines or modifies the BSD label on a disk partition. In addition, bsdlabel can install bootstrap code. Disk Device Name [Toc] [Back] When specifying the device,... |
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diskless(8) -- booting a system over the network
|
|
The ability to boot a machine over the network is useful for diskless or dataless machines, or as a temporary measure while repairing or reinstalling file systems on a local disk. This file provides a... |
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dmesg(8) -- display the system message buffer
|
|
The dmesg utility displays the contents of the system message buffer. If neither the -N nor the -M option is specified, the buffer is read from the currently running kernel via the sysctl(3) interface... |
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dump(8) -- file system backup
|
|
The dump utility examines files on a file system and determines which files need to be backed up. These files are copied to the given disk, tape or other storage medium for safe keeping (see the -f op... |
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dumpfs(8) -- dump file system information
|
|
The dumpfs utility prints out the super block and cylinder group information for the file system or special device specified, unless -m is specified. The listing is very long and detailed. This comman... |
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dumpon(8) -- specify a device for crash dumps
|
|
The dumpon utility is used to specify a device where the kernel can save a crash dump in the case of a panic. Calls to dumpon normally occur from the system multi-user initialization file /etc/rc, con... |
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editmap(8) -- query and edit single records in database maps for sendmail
|
|
Editmap queries or edits one record in database maps used by the keyed map lookups in sendmail(8). Arguments are passed on the command line and output (for queries) is directed to standard output. Dep... |
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edquota(8) -- edit user quotas
|
|
The edquota utility is a quota editor. By default, or if the -u flag is specified, one or more users may be specified on the command line. For each user a temporary file is created with an ASCII repre... |
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extattrctl(8) -- manage UFS1 extended attributes
|
|
The extattrctl utility is the management utility for extended attributes over the UFS1 file system. It allows the starting and stopping of extended attributes on a file system, as well as initializati... |
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faithd(8) -- FAITH IPv6/v4 translator daemon
|
|
The faithd utility provides IPv6-to-IPv4 TCP relay. faithd must be used on an IPv4/v6 dual stack router. When faithd receives TCPv6 traffic, faithd will relay the TCPv6 traffic to TCPv4. Destination f... |
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fastboot(8) -- stopping and restarting the system
|
|
The halt and reboot utilities flush the file system cache to disk, send all running processes a SIGTERM (and subsequently a SIGKILL) and, respectively, halt or restart the system. The action is logged... |
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fasthalt(8) -- stopping and restarting the system
|
|
The halt and reboot utilities flush the file system cache to disk, send all running processes a SIGTERM (and subsequently a SIGKILL) and, respectively, halt or restart the system. The action is logged... |
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fdcontrol(8) -- display and modify floppy disk parameters
|
|
The fdcontrol utility allows the modification of the run-time behavior of the fdc(4) driver for the device specified by device. Commands are implemented to query the current device density settings as... |
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fdisk(8) -- PC slice table maintenance utility
|
|
The FreeBSD utility, fdisk, serves a similar purpose to the DOS utility. The first form is used to display slice information or to interactively edit the slice table. The second is used to write a sli... |
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ffsinfo(8) -- dump all meta information of an existing ufs file system
|
|
The ffsinfo utility extends the dumpfs(8) utility. The output is generated into the file outfile. Also expect the output file to be rather large. Up to 2 percent of the size of the specified file syst... |
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fingerd(8) -- remote user information server
|
|
The fingerd utility uses a simple protocol based on RFC1196 that provides an interface to finger(1) at several network sites. It is supposed to return a friendly, human-oriented status report on eithe... |
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fixmount(8) -- fix remote mount entries
|
|
fixmount is a variant of showmount(8) that can delete bogus mount entries in remote mountd(8) daemons. The actions specified by the options are performed for each host in turn. |
|
fore_dnld(8) -- download FORE Systems' microcode into host ATM adapter
|
|
The fore_dnld utility downloads FORE Systems' microcode into the host ATM adapter(s). |
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fsck(8) -- file system consistency check and interactive repair
|
|
The fsck utility invokes file system-specific programs to check the special devices listed in the fstab(5) file or in the command line for consistency. It is normally used in the script /etc/rc during... |
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fsck_ffs(8) -- file system consistency check and interactive repair
|
|
The specified disk partitions and/or file systems are checked. In "preen" mode the clean flag of each file system's superblock is examined and only those file systems that are not marked clean are ... |
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fsck_msdosfs(8) -- DOS/Windows (FAT) file system consistency checker
|
|
The fsck_msdosfs utility verifies and repairs FAT file systems (more commonly known as DOS file systems). The first form of fsck_msdosfs preens the specified file systems. It is normally started by fs... |
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fsdb(8) -- FFS debugging/editing tool
|
|
The fsdb utility opens fsname (usually a raw disk partition) and runs a command loop allowing manipulation of the file system's inode data. You are prompted to enter a command with fsdb (inum X)> whe... |
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fsinfo(8) -- co-ordinate site-wide file system information
|
|
The fsinfo utility takes a set of system configuration information, and generates a coordinated set of , and mountd configuration files. The following options are available: -a autodir Specifies the d... |
|
fsirand(8) -- randomize inode generation numbers
|
|
The fsirand utility installs random generation numbers on all the inodes for each file system specified on the command line by special. This increases the security of NFS-exported file systems by maki... |
|
ftpd(8) -- Internet File Transfer Protocol server
|
|
The ftpd utility is the Internet File Transfer Protocol server process. The server uses the TCP protocol and listens at the port specified with the -P option or in the ``ftp'' service specification;... |
|
fwcontrol(8) -- FireWire control utility
|
|
The fwcontrol utility is designed to provide a way for users to access and control the FreeBSD FireWire subsystem. Without options, fwcontrol will output a list of devices that are/were connected to t... |
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gbde(8) -- operation and management utility for Geom Based Disk Encryption
|
|
NOTICE: Please be aware that this code has not yet received much review and analysis by qualified cryptographers and therefore should be consid- ered a slightly suspect experimental facility. We canno... |
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getextattr(8) -- manipulate extended attributes
|
|
These utilities are user tools to manipulate the named extended attributes on files and directories. The attrnamespace argument should be the namespace of the attribute to retrieve: legal values are u... |
|
getfmac(8) -- print MAC label for a file system object
|
|
The getfmac utility prints the text representation of the MAC label associated with the specified files. |
|
getpmac(8) -- print process-related MAC labels
|
|
The getpmac utility prints the text representation of the MAC label associated with the specified process. If no process is specified, it prints the label associated with its own process. |
|
getty(8) -- set terminal mode
|
|
The getty utility is called by init(8) to open and initialize the tty line, read a login name, and invoke login(1). The argument tty is the special device file in /dev to open for the terminal (for ex... |
|
growfs(8) -- grow size of an existing ufs file system
|
|
The growfs utility extends the newfs(8) program. Before starting growfs the disk must be labeled to a bigger size using disklabel(8). If you wish to grow a file system beyond the boundary of the slice... |
|
gstat(8) -- print statistics about GEOM disks
|
|
The gstat utility can be used to monitor I/O transactions of geom(4) devices. The options are as follows: -c Enable display of geom(4) consumers too. The default is to show statistics only for geom(4)... |
|
halt(8) -- stopping and restarting the system
|
|
The halt and reboot utilities flush the file system cache to disk, send all running processes a SIGTERM (and subsequently a SIGKILL) and, respectively, halt or restart the system. The action is logged... |
|
hccontrol(8) -- HCI configuration utility
|
|
The hccontrol utility connects to the specified Netgraph node of type HCI and attempts to send specified command to the HCI Netgraph node or to the associated Bluetooth device. The hccontrol utility w... |
|
hcsecd(8) -- control link keys and PIN codes for Bluetooth devices
|
|
The hcsecd daemon controls link keys and PIN codes for Bluetooth devices. It opens raw HCI socket and listens for the Link_Key_Request, PIN_Code_Request and Link_Key_Notification HCI events. Once Link... |
|
hcseriald(8) -- supervise serial Bluetooth devices
|
|
The hcseriald utility handles serial Bluetooth devices. It does one simple thing: it opens the specified serial device, sets the device parameters, and pushes the H4 line discipline. The options are a... |
|
hlfsd(8) -- home-link file system daemon
|
|
hlfsd is a daemon which implements a file system containing a symbolic link to subdirectory within a user's home directory, depending on the user which accessed that link. It was primarily designed t... |
|
hpropd(8) -- receive a propagated database
|
|
hpropd receives a database sent by hprop. and writes it as a local database. By default, hpropd expects to be started from inetd if stdin is a socket and expects to receive the dumped database over st... |
|
iasl(8) -- Intel ACPI compiler/decompiler
|
|
The iasl utility is a compiler/decompiler for ACPI Source Language (ASL) and ACPI Machine Language (AML). Major features of iasl include: +o Full support for the ACPI 2.0b Specification including ASL ... |
|
ifconfig(8) -- configure network interface parameters
|
|
The ifconfig utility is used to assign an address to a network interface and/or configure network interface parameters. The ifconfig utility must be used at boot time to define the network address of ... |
|
ifmcstat(8) -- dump multicast group management statistics per interface
|
|
The ifmcstat utility dumps multicast group information from the kernel. It is similar but not identical to the output from netstat -ina. There are no command line options. Only root can use ifmcstat. |
|
ilmid(8) -- simple ILMI ATM address registration daemon
|
|
The ilmid utility is a HARP ATM daemon that performs the ILMI ATM address registration procedures with an ATM network switch. It is normally invoked at boot time from the ATM startup script. For each ... |
|
inetd(8) -- internet ``super-server''
|
|
The inetd utility should be run at boot time by /etc/rc (see rc(8)). It then listens for connections on certain internet sockets. When a connection is found on one of its sockets, it decides what serv... |
|
init(8) -- process control initialization
|
|
The init utility is the last stage of the boot process. It normally runs the automatic reboot sequence as described in rc(8), and if this succeeds, begins multi-user operation. If the reboot scripts f... |
|
intro(8) -- introduction to system maintenance and operation commands
|
|
This section contains information related to system operation and maintenance. It describes commands used to create new file systems, newfs(8), verify the integrity of the file systems, fsck(8), contr... |
|
iostat(8) -- report I/O statistics
|
|
The iostat utility displays kernel I/O statistics on terminal, device and cpu operations. The first statistics that are printed are averaged over the system uptime. To get information about the curren... |
|
ip6addrctl(8) -- configure address selection policy for IPv6 and IPv4
|
|
The ip6addrctl command manages the policy table of source and destination address selection for outgoing IPv4 and IPv6 packets. When ip6addrctl is invoked without an argument or with a single argument... |
|
ip6fw(8) -- controlling utility for IPv6 firewall
|
|
To ease configuration, rules can be put into a file which is processed using ip6fw as shown in the first synopsis line. An absolute pathname must be used. The file will be read line by line and applie... |
|
ipf(8) -- alters packet filtering lists for IP packet input and output
|
|
ipf opens the filenames listed (treating "-" as stdin) and parses the file for a set of rules which are to be added or removed from the packet filter rule set. Each rule processed by ipf is added to... |
|
ipfs(8) -- saves and restores information for NAT and state tables.
|
|
ipfs allows state information created for NAT entries and rules using keep state to be locked (modification prevented) and then saved to disk, allowing for the system to experience a reboot, followed ... |
|
ipfstat(8) -- reports on packet filter statistics and filter list
|
|
ipfstat examines /dev/kmem using the symbols _fr_flags, _frstats, _fil- terin, and _filterout. To run and work, it needs to be able to read both /dev/kmem and the kernel itself. The kernel name defaul... |
|
ipfw(8) -- IP firewall and traffic shaper control program
|
|
The ipfw utility is the user interface for controlling the ipfw(4) firewall and the dummynet(4) traffic shaper in FreeBSD. NOTE: this manual page documents the newer version of ipfw introduced in Free... |
|
ipmon(8) -- monitors /dev/ipl for logged packets
|
|
ipmon opens /dev/ipl for reading and awaits data to be saved from the packet filter. The binary data read from the device is reprinted in human readable for, however, IP#'s are not mapped back to hos... |
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IPXrouted(8) -- IPX Routing Information Protocol daemon
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The IPXrouted utility is invoked at boot time to manage the IPX routing tables. The IPX routing daemon uses the Novell IPX Routing Information Protocol in maintaining up to date kernel routing table e... |
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isdnd(8) -- isdn4bsd ISDN connection management daemon
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The isdnd utility is the isdn4bsd package daemon which manages all ISDN related connection and disconnection of ISDN devices supported by the package. The options are as follows: -c Use configfile as ... |
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isdndebug(8) -- display and control isdn4bsd kernel variables and statistics
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The isdndebug utility is part of the isdn4bsd package and is used to control the level of debugging output of the isdn4bsd kernel part. Every layer of the isdn4bsd kernel uses a debugging mask which c... |
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isdndecode(8) -- isdn4bsd ISDN protocol decode utility
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The isdndecode utility is part of the isdn4bsd package and is used to provide the user with a detailed mnemonic display of the layers 1, 2 and 3 protocol activities on the D channel and hex dump of th... |
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isdnmonitor(8) -- isdn4bsd / isdnd remote monitoring tool
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The isdnmonitor utility is used to remotely monitor the operation of the isdn daemon, isdnd(8), which manages all ISDN related connection and disconnection of ISDN devices supported by the isdn4bsd pa... |
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isdnphone(8) -- telephone dialing and more for isdn4bsd
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The isdnphone utility is part of the isdn4bsd package and is used to handle dialing and hangup for the telephone control interfaces /dev/i4bteld. Options are provided to dial out or hang up using c... |
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isdntel(8) -- isdn4bsd telephone answering management utility
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The isdntel utility is used to provide an "answering machine" functionality for incoming telephone voice messages. The following options are supported: -a Use aliasfile as the pathname for an aliasf... |
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isdntelctl(8) -- control isdn4bsd telephone sound format conversion
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The isdntelctl utility is part of the isdn4bsd package and is used to configure the sound format conversion facilities of the /dev/i4btel interfaces. The following options are available: -c Clear the ... |
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isdntrace(8) -- isdn4bsd ISDN protocol trace utility
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The isdntrace utility is part of the isdn4bsd package and is used to provide the user with a mnemonic display of the layers 1, 2 and 3 protocol activities on the D channel and hex dump of the B channe... |
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ispcvt(8) -- verify if current video driver is pcvt driver
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The ispcvt utility allows the user to check whether the current video driver compiled into the kernel is a pcvt driver. The major and minor release numbers of the driver are also checked. Furthermore ... |
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jail(8) -- imprison process and its descendants
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The jail utility imprisons a process and all future descendants. The options are as follows: -i Output the jail identifier of the newly created jail. -u username The user name as whom the command shou... |
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jexec(8) -- execute a command inside an existing jail
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The jexec utility executes command inside the jail identified by jid. |
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jls(8) -- list active jails
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The jls utility lists all active jails. Each jail is represented by one row which contains the following columns: jail identifier (JID), IP address, hostname, and path. |
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kadmin(8) -- Kerberos administration utility
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The kadmin program is used to make modifications to the Kerberos database, either remotely via the kadmind(8) daemon, or locally (with the -l option). Supported options: -p string, --principal=string ... |
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kdc(8) -- Kerberos 5 server
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kdc serves requests for tickets. When it starts, it first checks the flags passed, any options that are not specified with a command line flag are taken from a config file, or from a default compiled-... |
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kerberos(8) -- introduction to the Kerberos system
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Kerberos is a network authentication system. Its purpose is to securely authenticate users and services in an insecure network environment. This is done with a Kerberos server acting as a trusted thir... |
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kernbb(8) -- generate a dump of the kernels basic-block profile buffers
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The kernbb utility is used to extract the basic-block profiling buffers of the running kernel into the files needed for the gcov(1) tool. At least one source file in the running kernel must have been ... |
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keyserv(8) -- server for storing private encryption keys
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The keyserv utility is a daemon that is used for storing the private encryption keys of each user logged into the system. These encryption keys are used for accessing secure network services such as s... |
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kgmon(8) -- generate a dump of the operating system's profile buffers
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The kgmon utility is used when profiling the operating system. When no arguments are supplied, kgmon indicates the state of operating system profiling as running, off, or not configured. (see config(8... |
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kgzip(8) -- compress a kernel
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The kgzip utility compresses a kernel or some other bootable binary. Operation is in two phases as follows: 1. A load image of the executable file is built which omits all but the `text' and `data' ... |
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kldconfig(8) -- display or modify the kernel module search path
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The kldconfig utility displays or modifies the search path used by the kernel when loading modules using the kldload(8) utility or the kldload(2) syscall. The following options are available: -d Remov... |
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kldload(8) -- load a file into the kernel
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The kldload utility loads file.ko into the kernel using the kernel linker. Note that if multiple modules are specified then an attempt will be made to load them all, even if some fail. The following o... |
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kldstat(8) -- display status of dynamic kernel linker
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The kldstat utility displays the status of any files dynamically linked into the kernel. The following options are available: -v Be more verbose. -i id Display the status of only the file with this ID... |
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kldunload(8) -- unload a file from the kernel
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The kldunload utility unloads a file which was previously loaded with kldload(8). The following options are available: -v Be more verbose. -i id Unload the file with this ID. -n name Unload the file w... |
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kldxref(8) -- generate hints for the kernel loader
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The kldxref utility is used to generate hint files which list modules, their version numbers, and the files that contain them. These hints are used by the kernel loader to determine where to find a pa... |
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kpasswdd(8) -- Kerberos 5 password changing server
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kpasswdd serves request for password changes. It listens on UDP port 464 (service kpasswd) and processes requests when they arrive. It changes the database directly and should thus only run on the mas... |
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kstash(8) -- store the KDC master password in a file
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kstash reads the Kerberos master key and stores it in a file that will be used by the KDC. Supported options: -e string, --enctype=string the encryption type to use, defaults to DES3-CBC-SHA1 -k file,... |
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ktrdump(8) -- print kernel ktr trace buffer
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The ktrdump utility is used to dump the contents of the kernel ktr trace buffer. The following options are available: -c Print the CPU number that each entry was logged from. -f Print the file and lin... |
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ktutil(8) -- manage Kerberos keytabs
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ktutil is a program for managing keytabs. Supported options: -v, --verbose Verbose output. command can be one of the following: add [-p principal] [--principal=principal] [-V kvno] [--kvno=kvno] [-e e... |
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l2control(8) -- L2CAP configuration utility
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The l2control utility connects to the local device with the specified BD_ADDR and attempts to send the specified command. The l2control utility will print results to the standard output and error mess... |
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l2ping(8) -- send L2CAP ECHO_REQUEST to remote devices
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The l2ping utility uses L2CAP ECHO_REQUEST datagram to elicit an L2CAP ECHO_RESPONSE from a remote device. The options are as follows: -a BD_ADDR Address of remote device to ping. Example: -a 00:01:02... |
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lastlogin(8) -- indicate last login time of users
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The lastlogin utility will list the last login session of each specified user, or for all users by default. Each line of output contains the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, an... |
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ldconfig(8) -- configure the shared library cache
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The ldconfig utility is used to prepare a set of ``hints'' for use by the dynamic linker to facilitate quick lookup of shared libraries available in multiple directories. It scans a set of built-in ... |
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loader(8) -- kernel bootstrapping final stage
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The program called loader is the final stage of FreeBSD's kernel bootstrapping process. On IA32 (i386) architectures, it is a BTX client. It is linked statically to libstand(3) and usually located in... |
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loader.4th(8) -- loader.conf processing tools
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The file that goes by the name of loader.4th is a set of commands designed to manipulate loader.conf(5) files. The default /boot/loader.rc includes loader.4th and uses one of its commands to automatic... |
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locate.updatedb(8) -- update locate database
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The locate.updatedb utility updates the database used by locate(1). It is typically run once a week by the /etc/periodic/weekly/310.locate script. The contents of the newly built database can be contr... |
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lockd(8) -- NFS file locking daemon
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The rpc.lockd utility provides monitored and unmonitored file and record locking services in an NFS environment. To monitor the status of hosts requesting locks, the locking daemon typically operates ... |
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lpc(8) -- line printer control program
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The lpc utility is used by the system administrator to control the operation of the line printer system. For each line printer configured in /etc/printcap, lpc may be used to: +o disable or enable a p... |
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lpd(8) -- line printer spooler daemon
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The lpd utility is the line printer daemon (spool area handler) and is normally invoked at boot time from the rc(8) file. It makes a single pass through the printcap(5) file to find out about the exis... |
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lptcontrol(8) -- a utility for manipulating the lpt printer driver
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The lptcontrol utility is used to set either the interrupt-driven, extended or polling mode of individual lpt(4) devices. When a printer is switched from a mode to another, this change will only take ... |
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lsextattr(8) -- manipulate extended attributes
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These utilities are user tools to manipulate the named extended attributes on files and directories. The attrnamespace argument should be the namespace of the attribute to retrieve: legal values are u... |
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mail.local(8) -- store mail in a mailbox
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Mail.local reads the standard input up to an end-of-file and appends it to each user's mail file. The user must be a valid user name. The options are as follows: -7 Do not advertise 8BITMIME support ... |
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mailstats(8) -- display mail statistics
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The mailstats utility displays the current mail statistics. First, the time at which statistics started being kept is displayed, in the format specified by ctime(3). Then, the statistics for each mail... |
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mailwrapper(8) -- invoke appropriate MTA software based on configuration file
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At one time, the only Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) software easily available was sendmail(8). As a result of this, most Mail User Agents (MUAs) such as mail(1) had the path and calling conventions expect... |
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MAKEDEV(8) -- old script for creating device nodes
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The MAKEDEV script was deprecated by devfs(5) and removed from FreeBSD after devfs(5) became mandatory. |
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makekey(8) -- make encrypted keys or passwords
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The makekey utility has been deprecated and will be removed in a future release of FreeBSD. The makekey utility encrypts a key and salt which it reads from the standard input and writes the result to ... |
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makemap(8) -- create database maps for sendmail
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Makemap creates the database maps used by the keyed map lookups in sendmail(8). It reads input from the standard input and outputs them to the indicated mapname. Depending on how it is compiled, makem... |
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makewhatis.local(8) -- start makewhatis or catman for local file systems
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The makewhatis.local utility starts makewhatis(1) only for file systems physically mounted on the system where the makewhatis.local is being executed. Running makewhatis by periodic weekly for rw nfs-... |
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manctl(8) -- manipulating manual pages
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The manctl utility compress or uncompress manual pages in directory path. If possible, .so's are replaced with hard links. The following options are available: -help Print options and exit. -compress... |
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map-mbone(8) -- multicast connection mapper
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The map-mbone utility attempts to display all multicast routers that are reachable from the multicast starting_router. If not specified on the command line, the default multicast starting_router is th... |
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mdconfig(8) -- configure and enable memory disks
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The mdconfig utility configures and enables md(4) devices. Options indicate an action to be performed: -a Attach a memory disk. This will configure and attach a memory disk with the parameters specifi... |
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mdmfs(8) -- configure and mount an in-memory file system using the md(4) driver
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The mdmfs utility is designed to be a work-alike and look-alike of the deprecated mount_mfs(8). The end result is essentially the same, but is accomplished in a completely different way. The mdmfs uti... |
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memcontrol(8) -- control system cache behaviour with respect to memory
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A number of supported system architectures allow the behaviour of the CPU cache to be programmed to behave differently depending on the region being written. The memcontrol utility provides an interfa... |
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mergemaster(8) -- merge configuration files, et al during an upgrade
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The mergemaster utility is a Bourne shell script which is designed to aid you in updating the various configuration and other files associated with FreeBSD. It is HIGHLY recommended that you back up y... |
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mixer(8) -- set/display soundcard mixer values
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The mixer utility is used to set and display soundcard mixer device levels. It may also be used to start and stop recording from the soundcard. The list of mixer devices that may be modified are: vol,... |
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mk-amd-map(8) -- create database maps for Amd
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mk-amd-map creates the database maps used by the keyed map lookups in amd(8). It reads input from the named file and outputs them to a correspondingly named hashed database. The -p option prints the m... |
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mknetid(8) -- generate netid map data
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The mknetid utility processes the contents of the group(5), passwd(5), hosts(5) and netid(5) files into the format used to generate the netid.byname NIS map. This map is used to hold credential inform... |
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mknod(8) -- build special file
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The mknod utility creates device special files. To make nodes manually, the four required arguments are: name Device name, for example ``sd'' for a SCSI disk on an HP300 or a ``pty'' for pseudo-te... |
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mksnap_ffs(8) -- take a file system snapshot
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The mksnap_ffs utility creates a snapshot named snapshot_name on the file system mounted at mountpoint. The snapshot_name argument must be contained within the file system mounted at mountpoint. The g... |
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mld6query(8) -- send multicast listener query
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The mld6query utility sends an IPv6 multicast listener discovery (MLD) query packet toward the specified multicast address, maddr, toward interface intface. If you omit maddr, linklocal all nodes mult... |
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mlxcontrol(8) -- Mylex DAC-family RAID management utility
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The mlxcontrol utility provides status monitoring and management functions for devices attached to the mlx(4) driver. Controller names are of the form "mlxN" where N is the unit number of the contro... |
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mount(8) -- mount file systems
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The mount utility calls the mount(2) system call to prepare and graft a special device or the remote node (rhost:path) on to the file system tree at the point node. If either special or node are not p... |
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mountd(8) -- service remote NFS mount requests
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The mountd utility is the server for NFS mount requests from other client machines. It listens for service requests at the port indicated in the NFS server specification; see Network File System Proto... |
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mount_cd9660(8) -- mount an ISO-9660 file system
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The mount_cd9660 utility attaches the ISO-9660 file system residing on the device special to the global file system namespace at the location indicated by node. This command is normally executed by mo... |
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mount_devfs(8) -- mount ``standard'' file systems
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The mount_std utility is a generic mechanism for attaching ``standard'' file systems to the file system. The mount_std utility currently supports the following file systems: devfs, fdescfs, linprocf... |
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mount_ext2fs(8) -- mount an ext2fs file system
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The mount_ext2fs utility attaches an ext2fs file system special device on to the file system tree at the point node. This command is normally executed by mount(8) at boot time. The options are as foll... |
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mount_fdescfs(8) -- mount ``standard'' file systems
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The mount_std utility is a generic mechanism for attaching ``standard'' file systems to the file system. The mount_std utility currently supports the following file systems: devfs, fdescfs, linprocf... |
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mount_linprocfs(8) -- mount ``standard'' file systems
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The mount_std utility is a generic mechanism for attaching ``standard'' file systems to the file system. The mount_std utility currently supports the following file systems: devfs, fdescfs, linprocf... |
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mount_mfs(8) -- configure and mount an in-memory file system using the md(4) driver
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The mdmfs utility is designed to be a work-alike and look-alike of the deprecated mount_mfs(8). The end result is essentially the same, but is accomplished in a completely different way. The mdmfs uti... |
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mount_msdosfs(8) -- mount an MS-DOS file system
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The mount_msdosfs utility attaches the MS-DOS file system residing on the device special to the global file system namespace at the location indicated by node. This command is normally executed by mou... |
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mount_nfs(8) -- mount NFS file systems
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The mount_nfs utility calls the mount(2) system call to prepare and graft a remote NFS file system (rhost:path) on to the file system tree at the point node. This command is normally executed by mount... |
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mount_nfs4(8) -- mount NFSv4 file systems
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The mount_nfs4 utility calls the mount(2) system call to prepare and graft a remote NFSv4 file system (rhost:path) on to the file system tree at the point node. This command is normally executed by mo... |
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mount_ntfs(8) -- mount an NTFS file system
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The mount_ntfs utility attaches the NTFS file system residing on the device special to the global file system namespace at the location indicated by node. This command is normally executed by mount(8)... |
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mount_nullfs(8) -- mount a loopback file system sub-tree; demonstrate the use of a null file system layer
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The mount_nullfs utility creates a null layer, duplicating a sub-tree of the file system name space under another part of the global file system namespace. This allows existing files and directories t... |
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mount_nwfs(8) -- mount NetWare volume from a NetWare file server
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The mount_nwfs utility allows to mount volume from a NetWare server. It may use either existing connection or create new: if no usable connection was found it will try to establish a new one. Connecti... |
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mount_portalfs(8) -- mount the portal daemon
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The mount_portalfs utility attaches an instance of the portal daemon to the global file system namespace. The conventional mount point is /p. This command is normally executed by mount(8) at boot time... |
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mount_procfs(8) -- mount ``standard'' file systems
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The mount_std utility is a generic mechanism for attaching ``standard'' file systems to the file system. The mount_std utility currently supports the following file systems: devfs, fdescfs, linprocf... |
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mount_smbfs(8) -- mount a shared resource from an SMB file server
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The mount_smbfs command mounts a share from a remote server using SMB/CIFS protocol. The options are as follows: -E cs1:cs2 Specifies local (cs1) and server's (cs2) character sets. -I host Do not use... |
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mount_std(8) -- mount ``standard'' file systems
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The mount_std utility is a generic mechanism for attaching ``standard'' file systems to the file system. The mount_std utility currently supports the following file systems: devfs, fdescfs, linprocf... |
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mount_udf(8) -- mount a UDF file system
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The mount_udf utility attaches the UDF file system residing on the device special to the global file system namespace at the location indicated by node. The options are as follows: -o Options are spec... |
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mount_umapfs(8) -- sample file system layer
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The mount_umapfs utility is used to mount a sub-tree of an existing file system that uses a different set of uids and gids than the local system. Such a file system could be mounted from a remote site... |
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mount_unionfs(8) -- mount union file systems
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The mount_unionfs utility attaches directory above uniondir in such a way that the contents of both directory trees remain visible. By default, directory becomes the upper layer and uniondir becomes t... |
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moused(8) -- pass mouse data to the console driver
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The moused utility and the console driver work together to support mouse operation in the text console and user programs. They virtualize the mouse and provide user programs with mouse data in the sta... |
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mrinfo(8) -- display configuration info from a multicast router
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The mrinfo utility attempts to display the configuration information from the multicast router multicast_router. The mrinfo utility uses the ASK_NEIGHBORS IGMP message to the specified multicast route... |
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mrouted(8) -- IP multicast routing daemon
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The mrouted utility is an implementation of the Distance-Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP), an earlier version of which is specified in RFC-1075. It maintains topological knowledge via a dista... |
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mtest(8) -- test multicast membership socket operations and ioctls
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The mtest utility is a small program for testing the multicast membership socket operations and ioctls. It accepts the following commands, interactively: j g.g.g.g i.i.i.i Join the IP group address g.... |
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mtrace(8) -- print multicast path from a source to a receiver
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Assessing problems in the distribution of IP multicast traffic can be difficult. The mtrace utility utilizes a tracing feature implemented in multicast routers that is accessed via an extension to the... |
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mtree(8) -- map a directory hierarchy
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The mtree utility compares the file hierarchy rooted in the current directory against a specification read from the standard input. Messages are written to the standard output for any files whose char... |
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named(8) -- Internet domain name server (DNS)
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Named is the Internet domain name server. See RFC's 1033, 1034, and 1035 for more information on the Internet name-domain system. Without any arguments, named will read the default configuration file... |
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named-bootconf(8) -- convert name server configuration files
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named-bootconf converts named configuration files from BIND 4 format to BIND 8 format. |
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named-xfer(8) -- ancillary agent for inbound zone transfers
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Named-xfer is an ancillary program executed by named(8) to perform an inbound zone transfer. It is rarely executed directly, and then only by system administrators who are trying to debug a zone trans... |
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named.reload(8) -- cause the name server to synchronize its database
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This command runs ndc(8) which reloads the running name server. |
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named.restart(8) -- stop and restart the name server
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This command runs ndc(8) which restarts the running name server with the command line options specified in rc.conf(5). |
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natd(8) -- Network Address Translation daemon
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The natd utility provides a Network Address Translation facility for use with divert(4) sockets under FreeBSD. (If you need NAT on a PPP link, ppp(8) provides the -nat option that gives most of the na... |
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ndc(8) -- name daemon control program
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This command allows the system administrator to control the operation of a name server. If no command is given, ndc will prompt for commands until it reads EOF. Options are: -c channel Specifies the r... |
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ndp(8) -- control/diagnose IPv6 neighbor discovery protocol
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The ndp command manipulates the address mapping table used by the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP). -a Dump the currently existing NDP entries. The following information will be printed: Neighbor IPv... |
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newfs(8) -- construct a new UFS1/UFS2 file system
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The newfs utility is used to initialize and clear file systems before first use. Before running newfs the disk must be labeled using bsdlabel(8). The newfs utility builds a file system on the specifie... |
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newfs_msdos(8) -- construct a new MS-DOS (FAT) file system
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The newfs_msdos utility creates a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system on device special, using disktab(5) entry disktype to determine geometry, if required. The options are as follow: -N Don't create ... |
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newkey(8) -- create a new key in the publickey database
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The newkey utility is normally run by the network administrator on the Network Interface Service (NIS) master machine in order to establish public keys for users and super-users on the network. These ... |
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newsyslog(8) -- maintain system log files to manageable sizes
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The newsyslog utility should be scheduled to run periodically by cron(8). When it is executed it archives log files if necessary. If a log file is determined to require archiving, newsyslog rearranges... |
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nextboot(8) -- specify an alternate kernel and boot flags for the next reboot
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The nextboot utility allows specifying an alternate kernel and/or boot flags for the next time the machine is booted. Once the loader(8) loads in the new kernel information, it is deleted so in case t... |
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nfsd(8) -- remote NFS server
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The nfsd utility runs on a server machine to service NFS requests from client machines. At least one nfsd must be running for a machine to operate as a server. Unless otherwise specified, four servers... |
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nfsiod(8) -- local NFS asynchronous I/O server
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The nfsiod utility is a kernel process which runs on an NFS client machine to service asynchronous I/O requests to its server. It improves performance but is not required for correct operation. This p... |
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ngctl(8) -- netgraph control utility
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The ngctl utility creates a new netgraph node of type socket which can be used to issue netgraph commands. If no -f flag is given, no command is supplied on the command line, and standard input is a t... |
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nghook(8) -- connect to a netgraph(4) node
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The nghook utility creates a ng_socket(4) socket type node and connects it to hook hookname of the node found at path. If hookname is omitted, ``debug'' is assumed. If the -e option is given the thi... |
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NIS(8) -- description of the YP/NIS system
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The YP subsystem allows network management of passwd, group, netgroup, hosts, services, rpc, bootparams and ethers file entries through the functions getpwent(3), getgrent(3), getnetgrent(3), gethoste... |
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nis(8) -- description of the YP/NIS system
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The YP subsystem allows network management of passwd, group, netgroup, hosts, services, rpc, bootparams and ethers file entries through the functions getpwent(3), getgrent(3), getnetgrent(3), gethoste... |
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nologin(8) -- politely refuse a login
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The nologin utility displays a message that an account is not available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled. To disable all logins, inv... |
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nos-tun(8) -- implement ``nos'' or ``ka9q'' style IP over IP tunnel
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The nos-tun utility is used to establish an nos style tunnel, (also known as ka9q or IP-IP tunnel) using a tun(4) kernel interface. Tunnel is the name of the tunnel device /dev/tun0 for example. Sourc... |
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nslookup(8) -- query Internet name servers interactively
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Nslookup is a program to query Internet domain name servers. Nslookup has two modes: interactive and non-interactive. Interactive mode allows the user to query name servers for information about vario... |
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nsupdate(8) -- update Internet name servers interactively
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Nsupdate is a program to update Internet domain name servers supporting dynamic update. Nsupdate uses the DNS resolver library to pass messages to a DNS server requesting the additional or deletion of... |
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ntp-genkeys(8) -- generate public and private keys
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The ntp-genkeys utility generates random keys used by either or both the NTPv3/NTPv4 symmetric key or the NTPv4 public key (Autokey) cryptographic authentication schemes. The following options are ava... |
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ntpd(8) -- Network Time Protocol (NTP) daemon
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The ntpd utility is an operating system daemon which sets and maintains the system time of day in synchronism with Internet standard time servers. It is a complete implementation of the Network Time P... |
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ntpdate(8) -- set the date and time via NTP
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Note: The functionality of this program is now available in the ntpd(8) program. See the -q command line option in the ntpd(8) page. After a suitable period of mourning, the ntpdate utility is to be r... |
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ntpdc(8) -- special NTP query program
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The ntpdc utility is used to query the ntpd(8) daemon about its current state and to request changes in that state. The program may be run either in interactive mode or controlled using command line a... |
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ntpq(8) -- standard NTP query program
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The ntpq utility is used to query NTP servers which implement the recommended NTP mode 6 control message format about current state and to request changes in that state. The program may be run either ... |
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ntptime(8) -- read kernel time variables
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The ntptime utility is useful only with special kernels described in the "A Kernel Model for Precision Timekeeping" page (available as part of the HTML documentation provided in /usr/share/doc/ntp).... |
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ntptrace(8) -- trace a chain of NTP servers back to the primary source
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The ntptrace utility determines where a given Network Time Protocol (NTP) server gets its time from, and follows the chain of NTP servers back to their master time source. If given no arguments, it st... |
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pac(8) -- printer/plotter accounting information
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The pac utility reads the printer/plotter accounting files, accumulating the number of pages (the usual case) or feet (for raster devices) of paper consumed by each user, and printing out how much eac... |
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pam_chroot(8) -- Chroot PAM module
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The chroot service module for PAM chroots users into either a predetermined directory or one derived from their home directory. If a user's home directory as specified in the passwd structure returne... |
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pam_deny(8) -- Deny PAM module
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The Deny authentication service module for PAM, pam_deny provides functionality for all the PAM categories: authentication, account management, session management and password management. In terms of ... |
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pam_echo(8) -- Echo PAM module
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The echo service module for PAM displays its arguments to the user, separated by spaces, using the current conversation function. If the % character occurs anywhere in the arguments to pam_echo, it is... |
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pam_exec(8) -- Exec PAM module
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The exec service module for PAM executes the program designated by its first argument, with its remaining arguments as command-line arguments. The child's environment is set to the current PAM enviro... |
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pam_ftpusers(8) -- ftpusers PAM module
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The ftpusers service module for PAM, pam_ftpusers provides functionality for only one PAM category: account management. In terms of the module-type parameter, this is the ``account'' feature. Ftpuse... |
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pam_group(8) -- Group PAM module
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The group service module for PAM accepts or rejects users based on their membership in a particular file group. The following options may be passed to the pam_group module: deny Reverse the meaning of... |
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pam_guest(8) -- Guest PAM module
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The guest service module for PAM allows guest logins. If successful, the pam_guest module sets the PAM environment variable GUEST to the login name. The application can check this variable using pam_g... |
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pam_krb5(8) -- Kerberos 5 PAM module
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The Kerberos 5 service module for PAM, typically /usr/lib/pam_krb5.so, provides functionality for three PAM categories: authentication, account management, and password management. It also provides nu... |
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pam_ksu(8) -- Kerberos 5 SU PAM module
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The Kerberos 5 SU authentication service module for PAM, pam_ksu for only one PAM category: authentication. In terms of the module-type parameter, this is the ``auth'' feature. The module is specifi... |
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pam_lastlog(8) -- login accounting PAM module
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The login accounting service module for PAM, pam_lastlog provides functionality for only one PAM category: session management. In terms of the module-type parameter, this is the ``session'' feature.... |
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pam_login_access(8) -- login.access PAM module
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The login.access service module for PAM, pam_login_access provides functionality for only one PAM category: account management. In terms of the module-type parameter, this is the ``account'' feature... |
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pam_nologin(8) -- NoLogin PAM module
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The NoLogin authentication service module for PAM, pam_nologin provides functionality for only one PAM category: authentication. In terms of the module-type parameter, this is the ``auth'' feature. ... |
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pam_opie(8) -- OPIE PAM module
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The OPIE authentication service module for PAM, pam_opie provides functionality for only one PAM category: that of authentication. In terms of the module-type parameter, this is the ``auth'' feature... |
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pam_opieaccess(8) -- OPIEAccess PAM module
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The pam_opieaccess module is used in conjunction with the pam_opie(8) PAM module to ascertain that authentication can proceed by other means (such as the pam_unix(8) module) even if OPIE authenticatio... |
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pam_passwdqc(8) -- Password quality-control PAM module
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|
The pam_passwdqc module is a simple password strength checking module for PAM. In addition to checking regular passwords, it offers support for passphrases and can provide randomly generated passwords... |
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pam_permit(8) -- Promiscuous PAM module
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The Promiscuous authentication service module for PAM, pam_permit provides functionality for all the PAM categories: authentication, account management, session management and password management. In ... |
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pam_radius(8) -- RADIUS authentication PAM module
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|
The pam_radius module provides authentication services based upon the RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service) protocol for the PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module) framework. The pam_radi... |
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pam_rhosts(8) -- Rhosts PAM module
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|
The rhosts authentication service module for PAM, pam_rhosts provides functionality for only one PAM category: authentication. In terms of the module-type parameter, this is the ``auth'' feature. Rh... |
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pam_rootok(8) -- RootOK PAM module
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|
The RootOK authentication service module for PAM, pam_rootok provides functionality for only one PAM category: authentication. In terms of the module-type parameter, this is the ``auth'' feature. It... |
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pam_securetty(8) -- SecureTTY PAM module
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|
The SecureTTY service module for PAM, pam_securetty provides functionality for only one PAM category: account management. In terms of the module-type parameter, this is the ``account'' feature. It a... |
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pam_self(8) -- Self PAM module
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|
The Self authentication service module for PAM, pam_self provides functionality for only one PAM category: authentication. In terms of the module-type parameter, this is the ``auth'' feature. Self A... |
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pam_ssh(8) -- authentication and session management with SSH private keys
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|
The SSH authentication service module for PAM, pam_ssh provides functionality for two PAM categories: authentication and session management. In terms of the module-type parameter, they are the ``auth... |
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pam_tacplus(8) -- TACACS+ authentication PAM module
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|
The pam_tacplus module provides authentication services based upon the TACACS+ protocol for the PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module) framework. The pam_tacplus module accepts these optional parameter... |
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pam_unix(8) -- UNIX PAM module
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The UNIX authentication service module for PAM, pam_unix provides functionality for two PAM categories: authentication and account management. In terms of the module-type parameter, they are the ``aut... |
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pccardc(8) -- PC-CARD (PCMCIA) management and monitoring tool
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|
The pccardc utility controls PC-CARD slots and configures and displays information about PCMCIA cards. It understands the following subcommands: beep Set beep type dumpcis Print card CIS(s) dumpcisfil... |
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pccardd(8) -- PC-CARD (PCMCIA) management daemon
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The pccardd utility is normally started at boot time, and manages the insertion and removal of PC-CARD cards. When started, pccardd will read the configuration file (default name /etc/defaults/pccard.... |
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pciconf(8) -- diagnostic utility for the PCI bus
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|
The pciconf utility provides a command line interface to functionality provided by the pci(4) ioctl(2) interface. As such, it is only available to users with write access to /dev/pci, normally only th... |
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periodic(8) -- run periodic system functions
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The periodic utility is intended to be called by cron(8) to execute shell scripts located in the specified directory. One or more of the following arguments must be specified: daily Perform the standa... |
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picobsd(8) -- floppy disk based FreeBSD system
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The picobsd utility is a script which produces a minimal implementation of FreeBSD (historically called PicoBSD) which typically fits on one floppy disk, or can be downloaded as a single image file fr... |
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ping(8) -- send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
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The ping utility uses the ICMP protocol's mandatory ECHO_REQUEST datagram to elicit an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway. ECHO_REQUEST datagrams (``pings'') have an IP and ICMP header, foll... |
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ping6(8) -- send ICMPv6 ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
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The ping6 command uses the ICMPv6 protocol's mandatory ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST datagram to elicit an ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY from a host or gateway. ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST datagrams (``pings'') have an IPv6 header... |
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pnpinfo(8) -- reports information about Plug-n-Play ISA devices
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pnpinfo reports information about Plug-n-Play ISA devices. Some of the information, such as the vendor ID, serial number, I/O ports, IRQ, etc. are useful when configuring a kernel with ISA PnP devices... |
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ppp(8) -- Point to Point Protocol (a.k.a. user-ppp)
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This is a user process PPP software package. Normally, PPP is implemented as a part of the kernel (e.g., as managed by pppd(8)) and it's thus somewhat hard to debug and/or modify its behaviour. Howev... |
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pppctl(8) -- PPP control program
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This utility provides command line control of the ppp(8) daemon. Its primary use is to facilitate simple scripts that control a running daemon. The pppctl utility is passed at least one argument, spec... |
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pppd(8) -- Point to Point Protocol daemon
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The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) provides a method for transmitting datagrams over serial point-to-point links. PPP is composed of three parts: a method for encapsulating datagrams over serial links,... |
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pppoed(8) -- handle incoming PPP over Ethernet connections
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The pppoed utility listens to the given interface for PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) service request packets, and actions them by negotiating a session then invoking a ppp(8) program. The negotiation is im... |
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pppstats(8) -- print PPP statistics
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The pppstats utility reports PPP-related statistics at regular intervals for the specified PPP interface. If the interface is unspecified, it will default to ppp0. The display is split horizontally in... |
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praliases(8) -- display system mail aliases
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The praliases utility displays the current system aliases, one per line, in no particular order. The special internal @:@ alias will be displayed if present. The options are as follows: -C Read the sp... |
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procctl(8) -- clear procfs event flags
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The procctl utility clears the procfs(5) event mask used by truss(1). This can be used in the event that a process is left stranded, since the procfs(5) events result in a non-killable process. The ar... |
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pstat(8) -- display system data structures
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The pstat utility displays open file entry, swap space utilization, terminal state, and vnode data structures. If invoked as swapinfo the -s option is implied, and only the -k option is legal. The fol... |
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pw(8) -- create, remove, modify & display system users and groups
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The pw utility is a command-line based editor for the system user and group files, allowing the superuser an easy to use and standardized way of adding, modifying and removing users and groups. Note t... |
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pwd_mkdb(8) -- generate the password databases
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|
The pwd_mkdb utility creates db(3) style secure and insecure databases for the specified file. These databases are then installed into /etc/spwd.db and /etc/pwd.db respectively. The file is installed ... |
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pxeboot(8) -- Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) bootloader
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|
The pxeboot bootloader is a modified version of the system third-stage bootstrap loader(8) configured to run under Intel's Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) system. PXE is a form of smart boot ROM,... |
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quot(8) -- display disk space occupied by each user
|
|
The quot utility is used to gather statistics about the disk usage for each local user. The following options are available: -a Include statistics for all mounted file systems. -c Display three column... |
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quotacheck(8) -- file system quota consistency checker
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|
The quotacheck utility examines each file system, builds a table of current disk usage, and compares this table against that recorded in the disk quota file for the file system. If any inconsistencies... |
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quotaoff(8) -- turn file system quotas on and off
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|
The quotaon utility announces to the system that disk quotas should be enabled on one or more file systems. The quotaoff utility announces to the system that the specified file systems should have any... |
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quotaon(8) -- turn file system quotas on and off
|
|
The quotaon utility announces to the system that disk quotas should be enabled on one or more file systems. The quotaoff utility announces to the system that the specified file systems should have any... |
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raidctl(8) -- configuration utility for the RAIDframe disk driver
|
|
raidctl is the user-land control program for raid(4), the RAIDframe disk device. raidctl is primarily used to dynamically configure and unconfigure RAIDframe disk devices. For more information about t... |
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rarpd(8) -- reverse ARP daemon
|
|
The rarpd utility services Reverse ARP requests on the Ethernet connected to interface. Upon receiving a request, rarpd maps the target hardware address to an IP address via its name, which must be pr... |
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raycontrol(8) -- configure Raytheon Raylink/Webgear Aviator devices
|
|
The raycontrol utility controls the operation of Raylink/Webgear wireless networking devices via the ray(4) driver. Most of the parameters that can be changed relate to the IEEE 802.11 protocol which ... |
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rbootd(8) -- HP remote boot server
|
|
The rbootd utility services boot requests from Hewlett-Packard workstations over a local area network. All boot files must reside in the boot file directory; further, if a client supplies path informa... |
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rc(8) -- command scripts for auto-reboot and daemon startup
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|
The rc utility is the command script which controls the automatic boot process after being called by init(8). The rc.local script contains commands which are pertinent only to a specific site. Typical... |
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rc.atm(8) -- command scripts for auto-reboot and daemon startup
|
|
The rc utility is the command script which controls the automatic boot process after being called by init(8). The rc.local script contains commands which are pertinent only to a specific site. Typical... |
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rc.d(8) -- command scripts for auto-reboot and daemon startup
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|
The rc utility is the command script which controls the automatic boot process after being called by init(8). The rc.local script contains commands which are pertinent only to a specific site. Typical... |
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rc.early(8) -- command scripts for auto-reboot and daemon startup
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|
The rc utility is the command script which controls the automatic boot process after being called by init(8). The rc.local script contains commands which are pertinent only to a specific site. Typical... |
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rc.firewall(8) -- command scripts for auto-reboot and daemon startup
|
|
The rc utility is the command script which controls the automatic boot process after being called by init(8). The rc.local script contains commands which are pertinent only to a specific site. Typical... |
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rc.local(8) -- command scripts for auto-reboot and daemon startup
|
|
The rc utility is the command script which controls the automatic boot process after being called by init(8). The rc.local script contains commands which are pertinent only to a specific site. Typical... |
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rc.network(8) -- command scripts for auto-reboot and daemon startup
|
|
The rc utility is the command script which controls the automatic boot process after being called by init(8). The rc.local script contains commands which are pertinent only to a specific site. Typical... |
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rc.pccard(8) -- command scripts for auto-reboot and daemon startup
|
|
The rc utility is the command script which controls the automatic boot process after being called by init(8). The rc.local script contains commands which are pertinent only to a specific site. Typical... |
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rc.sendmail(8) -- sendmail(8) startup script
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|
The rc.sendmail script is used by /etc/rc at boot time to start sendmail(8). It is meant to be sendmail(8) specific and not a generic script for all MTAs. It is only called by /etc/rc if the rc.conf(5... |
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rc.serial(8) -- command scripts for auto-reboot and daemon startup
|
|
The rc utility is the command script which controls the automatic boot process after being called by init(8). The rc.local script contains commands which are pertinent only to a specific site. Typical... |
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rc.shutdown(8) -- command scripts for auto-reboot and daemon startup
|
|
The rc utility is the command script which controls the automatic boot process after being called by init(8). The rc.local script contains commands which are pertinent only to a specific site. Typical... |
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rc.subr(8) -- functions used by system shell scripts
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|
rc.subr contains commonly used shell script functions and variable definitions which are used by various scripts such as rc(8). Scripts required by ports in /usr/local/etc/rc.d will also eventually be... |
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rcorder(8) -- print a dependency ordering of interdependent files
|
|
The rcorder utility is designed to print out a dependency ordering of a set of interdependent files. Typically it is used to find an execution sequence for a set of shell scripts in which certain file... |
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rdump(8) -- file system backup
|
|
The dump utility examines files on a file system and determines which files need to be backed up. These files are copied to the given disk, tape or other storage medium for safe keeping (see the -f op... |
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reboot(8) -- stopping and restarting the system
|
|
The halt and reboot utilities flush the file system cache to disk, send all running processes a SIGTERM (and subsequently a SIGKILL) and, respectively, halt or restart the system. The action is logged... |
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renice(8) -- alter priority of running processes
|
|
The renice utility alters the scheduling priority of one or more running processes. The following who parameters are interpreted as process ID's, process group ID's, user ID's or user names. The re... |
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repquota(8) -- summarize quotas for a file system
|
|
The repquota utility prints a summary of the disk usage and quotas for the specified file systems. Available options: -a Print the quotas of all the file systems listed in /etc/fstab. -g Print only gr... |
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rescue(8) -- rescue utilities in /rescue
|
|
The /rescue directory contains a collection of common utilities intended for use in recovering a badly damaged system. With the transition to a dynamically-linked root beginning with FreeBSD 5.2, ther... |
|
restore(8) -- restore files or file systems from backups made with dump
|
|
The restore utility performs the inverse function of dump(8). A full backup of a file system may be restored and subsequent incremental backups layered on top of it. Single files and directory subtree... |
|
revnetgroup(8) -- generate reverse netgroup data
|
|
The revnetgroup utility processes the contents of a file in netgroup(5) format into what is called reverse netgroup form. That is, where the original file shows netgroup memberships in terms of which ... |
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rexecd(8) -- remote execution server
|
|
The rexecd utility is the server for the rexec(3) routine. The server provides remote execution facilities with authentication based on user names and passwords. The rexecd utility listens for service... |
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rfcomm_pppd(8) -- RFCOMM PPP daemon
|
|
The rfcomm_pppd daemon is a simple wrapper daemon that allows to use standard ppp(8) on RFCOMM connection. It can operate in two modes: client and server. In the client mode, rfcomm_pppd opens a RFCOM... |
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rip6query(8) -- RIPng debugging tool
|
|
The rip6query utility requests remote RIPng daemon on destination to dump RIPng routing information. -I lets you specify outgoing interface for the query packet, and is useful when link-local address ... |
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rlogind(8) -- remote login server
|
|
The rlogind utility is the server for the rlogin(1) program. The server provides a remote login facility with authentication based on privileged port numbers from trusted hosts. Options supported by r... |
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rmail(8) -- handle remote mail received via uucp
|
|
Rmail interprets incoming mail received via uucp(1), collapsing ``From'' lines in the form generated by mail.local(8) into a single line of the form ``return-path!sender'', and passing the process... |
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rmextattr(8) -- manipulate extended attributes
|
|
These utilities are user tools to manipulate the named extended attributes on files and directories. The attrnamespace argument should be the namespace of the attribute to retrieve: legal values are u... |
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rmt(8) -- remote magtape protocol module
|
|
The rmt utility is used by the remote dump and restore programs in manipulating a magnetic tape drive through an interprocess communication connection. It is normally started up with an rexec(3) or rc... |
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rmuser(8) -- remove users from the system
|
|
The rmuser utility removes one or more users submitted on the command line or from a file. In removing a user from the system, this utility: 1. Removes the user's crontab(1) entry (if any). 2. Remove... |
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route(8) -- manually manipulate the routing tables
|
|
The route utility is used to manually manipulate the network routing tables. It normally is not needed, as a system routing table management daemon, such as routed(8), should tend to this task. The ro... |
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route6d(8) -- RIP6 Routing Daemon
|
|
The route6d utility is a routing daemon which supports RIP over IPv6. Options are: -a Enables aging of the statically defined routes. With this option, any statically defined routes will be removed un... |
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routed(8) -- network RIP and router discovery routing daemon
|
|
The routed utility is a daemon invoked at boot time to manage the network routing tables. It uses Routing Information Protocol, RIPv1 (RFC 1058), RIPv2 (RFC 1723), and Internet Router Discovery Protoc... |
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rpc.lockd(8) -- NFS file locking daemon
|
|
The rpc.lockd utility provides monitored and unmonitored file and record locking services in an NFS environment. To monitor the status of hosts requesting locks, the locking daemon typically operates ... |
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rpc.rquotad(8) -- remote quota server
|
|
The rpc.rquotad utility is a rpc(3) server which returns quotas for a user of a local file system which is NFS-mounted onto a remote machine. The quota(1) utility uses the results to display user quot... |
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rpc.rstatd(8) -- kernel statistics server
|
|
The rpc.rstatd utility is a server which returns performance statistics obtained from the kernel. These statistics are read using the rup(1) command. The rpc.rstatd daemon is normally invoked by inetd... |
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rpc.rusersd(8) -- logged in users server
|
|
The rpc.rusersd utility is a server which returns information about users currently logged in to the system. The currently logged in users are queried using the rusers(1) command. The rpc.rusersd daem... |
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rpc.rwalld(8) -- write messages to users currently logged in server
|
|
The rpc.rwalld utility is a server which will send a message to users currently logged in to the system. This server invokes the wall(1) command to actually write the messages to the system. The follo... |
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rpc.sprayd(8) -- spray server
|
|
The rpc.sprayd utility is a server which records packets sent by the spray(8) command and sends a traffic report to the originator of the packets. The rpc.sprayd daemon is normally invoked by inetd(8)... |
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rpc.statd(8) -- host status monitoring daemon
|
|
The rpc.statd utility is a daemon which co-operates with rpc.statd daemons on other hosts to provide a status monitoring service. The daemon accepts requests from programs running on the local host (t... |
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rpc.umntall(8) -- notify NFS servers about unmounted NFS file systems
|
|
The rpc.umntall utility is proposed in the NFS RPC specification; see NFS Version 3 Protocol Specification, RFC 1813, Appendix I. It uses remote procedure calls to remove mount entries from /var/db/mo... |
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rpc.yppasswdd(8) -- server for updating NIS passwords
|
|
The rpc.yppasswdd utility allows users to change their NIS passwords and certain other information using the yppasswd(1) and ypchpass(1) commands. The rpc.yppasswdd utility is an RPC-based server that... |
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rpc.ypxfrd(8) -- NIS map transfer server
|
|
The rpc.ypxfrd utility is used to speed up the distribution of very large NIS maps from NIS master to NIS slave servers. The normal method for transfering maps involves several steps: +o The master se... |
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rpcbind(8) -- universal addresses to RPC program number mapper
|
|
The rpcbind utility is a server that converts RPC program numbers into universal addresses. It must be running on the host to be able to make RPC calls on a server on that machine. When an RPC service... |
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rpcinfo(8) -- report RPC information
|
|
The rpcinfo utility makes an RPC call to an RPC server and reports what it finds. In the first synopsis, rpcinfo lists all the registered RPC services with rpcbind on host. If host is not specified, t... |
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rrenumd(8) -- router renumbering daemon
|
|
The rrenumd utility transmits router renumbering request packets, to renumber the routers in the site network. On KAME-based systems, router renumbering requests are received and processed by rtadvd(8... |
|
rrestore(8) -- restore files or file systems from backups made with dump
|
|
The restore utility performs the inverse function of dump(8). A full backup of a file system may be restored and subsequent incremental backups layered on top of it. Single files and directory subtree... |
|
rshd(8) -- remote shell server
|
|
The rshd utility is the server for the rcmd(3) routine and, consequently, for the rsh(1) utility. The server provides remote execution facilities with authentication based on privileged port numbers f... |
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rtadvd(8) -- router advertisement daemon
|
|
rtadvd sends router advertisement packets to the specified interfaces. The program will daemonize itself on invocation. It will then send router advertisement packets periodically, as well as in respo... |
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rtquery(8) -- query routing daemons for their routing tables
|
|
The rtquery utility is used to query a RIP network routing daemon, such as routed(8), for its routing table by sending a request or poll command. The routing information in any routing response packet... |
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rtsol(8) -- router solicitation daemon
|
|
rtsold is the daemon program to send ICMPv6 Router Solicitation messages on the specified interfaces. If a node (re)attaches to a link, rtsold sends some Router Solicitations on the link destined to t... |
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rtsold(8) -- router solicitation daemon
|
|
rtsold is the daemon program to send ICMPv6 Router Solicitation messages on the specified interfaces. If a node (re)attaches to a link, rtsold sends some Router Solicitations on the link destined to t... |
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rwhod(8) -- system status server
|
|
The rwhod utility is the server which maintains the database used by the rwho(1) and ruptime(1) programs. Its operation is predicated on the ability to broadcast or multicast messages on a network. Th... |
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sa(8) -- print system accounting statistics
|
|
The sa utility reports on, cleans up, and generally maintains system accounting files. The sa utility is able to condense the information in /var/account/acct into the summary files /var/account/savac... |
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savecore(8) -- save a core dump of the operating system
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The savecore utility copies a core dump into directory, or the current working directory if no directory argument is given, and enters a reboot message and information about the core dump into the sys... |
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sconfig(8) -- channel configuration utility for Cronyx adapters
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The sconfig utility is used for configuring the channel options of the Cronyx adapters. In asynchronous mode all the parameters should be set by standard stty(1) utility, with sconfig you could set on... |
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scspd(8) -- SCSP daemon
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The scspd utility is an implementation of the Server Cache Synchronization Protocol (SCSP) for the Host ATM Research Platform (HARP) networking software. The scspd utility synchronizes the cache(s) of... |
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sdpcontrol(8) -- SDP configuration utility
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The spdcontrol utility connects to the remote device with the specified BD_ADDR and attempts to send query via Service Discovery Protocol (SDP). The spdcontrol utility will use Service Search Attribut... |
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securelevel(8) -- process control initialization
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The init utility is the last stage of the boot process. It normally runs the automatic reboot sequence as described in rc(8), and if this succeeds, begins multi-user operation. If the reboot scripts f... |
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sendmail(8) -- an electronic mail transport agent
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Sendmail sends a message to one or more recipients, routing the message over whatever networks are necessary. Sendmail does internetwork forwarding as necessary to deliver the message to the correct p... |
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setextattr(8) -- manipulate extended attributes
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These utilities are user tools to manipulate the named extended attributes on files and directories. The attrnamespace argument should be the namespace of the attribute to retrieve: legal values are u... |
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setfmac(8) -- set MAC label for a file system object
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The setfmac utility assigns the specified MAC label to the specified files. The following options are available: -R Set the labels on the file hierarchies rooted in the files instead of just the files... |
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setfsmac(8) -- set MAC label for a file hierarchy
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The setfsmac utility accepts a list of specification files as input and sets the MAC labels on the specified file system hierarchies. Path names specified will be visited in order as given on the comm... |
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setkey(8) -- manually manipulate the IPsec SA/SP database
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The setkey command adds, updates, dumps, or flushes Security Association Database (SAD) entries as well as Security Policy Database (SPD) entries in the kernel. The setkey command takes a series of op... |
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setpmac(8) -- run a command with a different MAC process label
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The setpmac utility forks a new process, attempts to set the label to label and if successful, runs command. |
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sftp-server(8) -- SFTP server subsystem
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sftp-server is a program that speaks the server side of SFTP protocol to stdout and expects client requests from stdin. sftp-server is not intended to be called directly, but from sshd(8) using the Su... |
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showmount(8) -- show remote nfs mounts on host
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The showmount utility shows status information about the NFS server on host. By default it prints the names of all hosts that have NFS file systems mounted on the host. See NFS: Network File System Pr... |
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shutdown(8) -- close down the system at a given time
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The shutdown utility provides an automated shutdown procedure for superusers to nicely notify users when the system is shutting down, saving them from system administrators, hackers, and gurus, who wo... |
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sicontrol(8) -- Specialix SI/XIO driver configuration and debugging
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The sicontrol utility is used to configure and monitor the SI/XIO device driver. The sicontrol utility operates on the specified device to indicate which port is to be used. The special device string ... |
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slattach(8) -- attach serial lines as network interfaces
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The slattach utility is used to assign a tty line to a network interface, and to define the network source and destination addresses. The following options are available: -a Autoenable the VJ header c... |
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slip(8) -- attach serial lines as network interfaces
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The slattach utility is used to assign a tty line to a network interface, and to define the network source and destination addresses. The following options are available: -a Autoenable the VJ header c... |
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sliplogin(8) -- attach a serial line network interface
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The sliplogin utility is used to turn the terminal line on standard input (or device) into a Serial Line IP (SLIP) link to a remote host. To do this, the program searches the file /etc/sliphome/slip.h... |
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slstat(8) -- report serial line IP statistics
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The slstat utility reports certain kernel statistics kept about serial line internet protocol traffic. The options are as follows: -i Repeat the display indefinitely every interval seconds. If no inte... |
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smrsh(8) -- restricted shell for sendmail
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The smrsh program is intended as a replacement for sh for use in the ``prog'' mailer in sendmail(8) configuration files. It sharply limits the commands that can be run using the ``|program'' synta... |
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spkrtest(8) -- test script for the speaker driver
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The spkrtest utility is an easy to use test script for the speaker driver. |
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spppcontrol(8) -- display or set parameters for an sppp interface
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The sppp(4) driver might require a number of additional arguments or optional parameters besides the settings that can be adjusted with ifconfig(8). These are things like authentication protocol param... |
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spray(8) -- send many packets to host
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The spray utility sends multiple RPC packets to host and records how many of them were correctly received and how long it took. The options are as follows: -c count Send count packets. -d delay Pause ... |
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ssh-keysign(8) -- ssh helper program for hostbased authentication
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ssh-keysign is used by ssh(1) to access the local host keys and generate the digital signature required during hostbased authentication with SSH protocol version 2. ssh-keysign is disabled by default ... |
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sshd(8) -- OpenSSH SSH daemon
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sshd (SSH Daemon) is the daemon program for ssh(1). Together these programs replace rlogin and rsh, and provide secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network. Th... |
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sticky(8) -- sticky text and append-only directories
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A special file mode, called the sticky bit (mode S_ISVTX), is used to indicate special treatment for directories. It is ignored for regular files. See chmod(2) or the file for an explanat... |
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i386/stlload(8) -- Stallion Technologies multiport serial board down loader
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The stlload utility is used to download the firmware code to Stallion Technologies intelligent multiport serial boards. A firmware download is only required for those boards that use the Stallion stli... |
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i386/stlstats(8) -- Stallion Technologies multiport serial statistics display
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The stlstats utility is used to display statistical information about the ports on Stallion Technologies multiport serial boards. The stlstats utility normally runs as a full screen menu driven applic... |
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strfile(8) -- create a random access file for storing strings
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Strfile reads a file containing groups of lines separated by a line containing a single percent `%' sign and creates a data file which contains a header structure and a table of file offsets for each... |
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swapctl(8) -- specify devices for paging and swapping
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The swapon, swapoff and swapctl utilities are used to control swap devices in the system. At boot time all swap entries in /etc/fstab are added automatically when the system goes multi-user. Swap devi... |
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swapinfo(8) -- display system data structures
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The pstat utility displays open file entry, swap space utilization, terminal state, and vnode data structures. If invoked as swapinfo the -s option is implied, and only the -k option is legal. The fol... |
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swapoff(8) -- specify devices for paging and swapping
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The swapon, swapoff and swapctl utilities are used to control swap devices in the system. At boot time all swap entries in /etc/fstab are added automatically when the system goes multi-user. Swap devi... |
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swapon(8) -- specify devices for paging and swapping
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The swapon, swapoff and swapctl utilities are used to control swap devices in the system. At boot time all swap entries in /etc/fstab are added automatically when the system goes multi-user. Swap devi... |
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sync(8) -- force completion of pending disk writes (flush cache)
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The sync utility can be called to ensure that all disk writes have been completed before the processor is halted in a way not suitably done by reboot(8) or halt(8). Generally, it is preferable to use ... |
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sysctl(8) -- get or set kernel state
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The sysctl utility retrieves kernel state and allows processes with appropriate privilege to set kernel state. The state to be retrieved or set is described using a ``Management Information Base'' (... |
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sysinstall(8) -- system installation and configuration tool
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The sysinstall utility is used for installing and configuring FreeBSD systems. It is the first utility invoked by the FreeBSD installation boot floppy and is also available as /usr/sbin/sysinstall on ... |
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syslogd(8) -- log systems messages
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The syslogd utility reads and logs messages to the system console, log files, other machines and/or users as specified by its configuration file. The options are as follows: -4 Force syslogd to use IP... |
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talkd(8) -- remote user communication server
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The talkd utility is the server that notifies a user that someone else wants to initiate a conversation. It acts as a repository of invitations, responding to requests by clients wishing to rendezvous... |
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tcpd(8) -- access control facility for internet services
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The tcpd program can be set up to monitor incoming requests for telnet, finger, ftp, exec, rsh, rlogin, tftp, talk, comsat and other services that have a one-to-one mapping onto executable files. The ... |
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tcpdchk(8) -- tcp wrapper configuration checker
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tcpdchk examines your tcp wrapper configuration and reports all potential and real problems it can find. The program examines the tcpd access control files (by default, these are /etc/hosts.allow and ... |
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tcpdmatch(8) -- tcp wrapper oracle
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tcpdmatch predicts how the tcp wrapper would handle a specific request for service. Examples are given below. The program examines the tcpd access control tables (default /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hos... |
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telnetd(8) -- DARPA TELNET protocol server
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The telnetd command is a server which supports the DARPA standard TELNET virtual terminal protocol. Telnetd is normally invoked by the internet server (see inetd(8)) for requests to connect to the TEL... |
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tftpd(8) -- Internet Trivial File Transfer Protocol server
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The tftpd utility is a server which supports the Internet Trivial File Transfer Protocol (RFC 1350). The TFTP server operates at the port indicated in the `tftp' service description; see services(5).... |
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timed(8) -- time server daemon
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The timed utility is a time server daemon which is normally invoked at boot time from the rc.network(8) file. It synchronizes the host's time with the time of other machines, which are also running t... |
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timedc(8) -- timed control program
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The timedc utility is used to control the operation of the timed(8) program. It may be used to: +o Measure the differences between machines' clocks, +o Find the location where the master time server ... |
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traceroute(8) -- print the route packets take to network host
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The Internet is a large and complex aggregation of network hardware, connected together by gateways. Tracking the route one's packets follow (or finding the miscreant gateway that's discarding your ... |
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traceroute6(8) -- print the route IPv6 packets will take to the destination
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-d Debug mode. -f firsthop Specify how many hops to skip in trace. -g gateway Specify intermediate gateway (traceroute6 uses routing header). -I Use ICMP6 ECHO instead of UDP datagrams. -l Print both ... |
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trpt(8) -- transliterate protocol trace
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The trpt utility interrogates the buffer of TCP trace records created when a socket is marked for ``debugging'' (see setsockopt(2)), and prints a readable description of these records. When no optio... |
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tunefs(8) -- tune up an existing file system
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The tunefs utility is designed to change the dynamic parameters of a file system which affect the layout policies. The tunefs utility cannot be run on an active file system. To change an active file s... |
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tzsetup(8) -- set local timezone
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The tzsetup utility reads a database of timezone information and presents a menu allowing the user to select a specific zone without knowing the details of the database layout. The selected zone is in... |
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ugidfw(8) -- firewall-like access controls for file system objects
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The ugidfw utility provides an ipfw(8)-like interface to manage accesses to file system objects by UID and GID, supported by the mac_bsdextended(4) mac(9) policy. The arguments are as follows: list Pr... |
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umount(8) -- unmount file systems
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The umount utility calls the unmount(2) system call to remove a file system from the file system tree. The file system can be specified by its special device or remote node (rhost:path), the path to t... |
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unstr(8) -- create a random access file for storing strings
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Strfile reads a file containing groups of lines separated by a line containing a single percent `%' sign and creates a data file which contains a header structure and a table of file offsets for each... |
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updatedb(8) -- update locate database
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The locate.updatedb utility updates the database used by locate(1). It is typically run once a week by the /etc/periodic/weekly/310.locate script. The contents of the newly built database can be contr... |
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usbd(8) -- supervise USB attach/detach
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The usbd utility handles USB device attachment and detachment. It does two things. Through opening the /dev/usb0, /dev/usb1, etc. devices, it enables the kernel to handle change requests from attached... |
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usbdevs(8) -- show USB devices connected to the system
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The usbdevs utility prints a listing of all USB devices connected to the system with some information about each device. The indentation of each line indicates its distance from the root. The options ... |
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verify_krb5_conf(8) -- checks krb5.conf for obvious errors
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verify_krb5_conf reads the configuration file krb5.conf, or the file given on the command line, and parses it, thereby verifying that the syntax is not correctly wrong. If the file is syntactically co... |
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vinum(8) -- Logical Volume Manager control program
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The vinum utility communicates with the kernel component of the Vinum logical volume manager. It is designed either for interactive use, when started without command line arguments, or to execute a si... |
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vipw(8) -- edit the password file
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The vipw utility edits the password file after setting the appropriate locks, and does any necessary processing after the password file is unlocked. If the password file is already locked for editing ... |
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vmstat(8) -- report virtual memory statistics
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The vmstat utility reports certain kernel statistics kept about process, virtual memory, disk, trap and cpu activity. The options are as follows: -c Repeat the display count times. The first display i... |
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vnconfig(8) -- configure and enable memory disks
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The mdconfig utility configures and enables md(4) devices. Options indicate an action to be performed: -a Attach a memory disk. This will configure and attach a memory disk with the parameters specifi... |
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watch(8) -- snoop on another tty line
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The watch utility allows the user to examine all data coming through a specified tty using the snp(4) device. If the snp(4) device is not available, watch will attempt to load the module (snp). The wa... |
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watchdogd(8) -- Software watchdog daemon
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The watchdogd utility interfaces with the kernel's software watchdog facility to ensure that the system is in a working state. If watchdogd is unable to interface with the kernel over a specific time... |
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wicontrol(8) -- configure Lucent, Intersil, & Atheros wireless devices
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The wicontrol utility controls the operation of Lucent, Intersil, & Atheros-based wireless networking devices via wi(4) or ath(4) driver. You should not use this program to configure IEEE 802.11 param... |
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wire-test(8) -- test your network interfaces and local IP address
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wire-test is used to find out what Amd thinks are the first two network interfaces and network names/numbers used, as well as the IP address used for Amd to NFS-mount itself. If host is specified, the... |
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wlconfig(8) -- read/write wavelan config parameters
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The wlconfig utility can be used to read and set parameters for the NCR/AT&T Wavelan radio LAN card. Various parameters stored in the nonvolatile Parameter Storage Area (PSA) on the card can be modifi... |
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yp(8) -- description of the YP/NIS system
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The YP subsystem allows network management of passwd, group, netgroup, hosts, services, rpc, bootparams and ethers file entries through the functions getpwent(3), getgrent(3), getnetgrent(3), gethoste... |
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YP(8) -- description of the YP/NIS system
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The YP subsystem allows network management of passwd, group, netgroup, hosts, services, rpc, bootparams and ethers file entries through the functions getpwent(3), getgrent(3), getnetgrent(3), gethoste... |
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ypbind(8) -- NIS domain binding daemon
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The ypbind utility is the process that maintains NIS binding information. At startup, it searches for an NIS server responsible for serving the system's default domain (as set by the domainname(1) co... |
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ypinit(8) -- build and install NIS databases
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The ypinit utility is a script which sets up databases on a Network Information Service (NIS) master or slave server. On a master server, ypinit creates the /var/yp/$DOMAINNAME directory, the /var/yp/... |
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yppoll(8) -- ask version of YP map from YP server
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The yppoll utility asks a YP server process for the order number and which host is the master server for mapname. The options are as follows: -h host Ask the YP server process running on host for info... |
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yppush(8) -- force propagation of updated NIS databases
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The yppush utility distributes updated NIS databases (or maps) from an NIS master server to NIS slave servers within an NIS domain. It is normally only run on the NIS master by /var/yp/Makefile whenev... |
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ypserv(8) -- NIS database server
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NIS is an RPC-based service designed to allow a number of UNIX-based machines to share a common set of configuration files. Rather than requiring a system administrator to update several copies of fil... |
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ypset(8) -- tell ypbind(8) which YP server process to use
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The ypset utility tells the ypbind(8) process on the current machine which YP server process to communicate with. If server is down or is not running a YP server process, it is not discovered until a ... |
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ypxfr(8) -- transfer NIS database from remote server to local host
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The ypxfr utility copies an NIS database (or map) from one NIS server to another using NIS services. In FreeBSD, ypxfr is generally invoked by ypserv(8) when it receives a map transfer request from yp... |
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yp_mkdb(8) -- generate the NIS databases
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The yp_mkdb utility creates db(3) style databases for use with FreeBSD's NIS server. The yp_mkdb utility reads data from inputfile, and writes it to dbname in db(3) format (using the hash table metho... |
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zdump(8) -- timezone dumper
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The zdump utility prints the current time in each zonename named on the command line. The following options are available: -v For each zonename on the command line, print the time at the lowest possib... |
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zic(8) -- timezone compiler
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The zic utility reads text from the file(s) named on the command line and creates the time conversion information files specified in this input. If a filename is -, the standard input is read. The fol... |
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zzz(8) -- suspend an ACPI or APM system
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The zzz utility checks for ACPI or APM support and then suspends the system appropriately. For APM, apm -z will be issued. For ACPI, the configured suspend state will be looked up, checked to see if i... |
