hier - layout of filesystems
A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
/ Root directory.
/altroot/ Alternate (backup) location for the root (`/')
filesystem.
/bin/ User utilities fundamental to both single and
multi-user environments.
These programs are statically compiled
and therefore
do not depend on any system libraries to
run.
/bsd Pure kernel executable (the operating system
loaded into memory
at boot-time).
/dev/ Block and character device files.
MAKEDEV Script for creating device files (see
MAKEDEV(8)).
fd/ File descriptor files (see fd(4)).
/emul/ Base directory for alternate areas searched first
when system
call emulation is in effect (see sysctl(8) and
the system compat
pages: compat_aout(8), compat_bsdos(8), compat_freebsd(8),
compat_hpux(8), compat_ibcs2(8), compat_linux(8),
compat_osf1(8), compat_sunos(8), compat_svr4(8),
and
compat_ultrix(8)).
/etc/ System configuration files and scripts.
localtime Local timezone information (see
ctime(3)).
X11/ Configuration files for the X11
window system.
afs/ AFS configuration files.
amd/ Contains map files for amd(8).
authpf/ Configuration files for the authenticating
gateway user shell (see authpf(8)).
disklabels/ Backup disklabels (see disklabel(8)).
isakmpd/ Configuration files for isakmpd(8).
kerberosV/ Configuration files for the Kerberos version V
subsystem (see info(1) heimdal).
mail/ sendmail(8) configuration files
(including
aliases(5)).
mtree/ mtree configuration files (see
mtree(8)).
ppp/ pppd configuration files (see pppd(8)).
raddb/servers/ List of radius servers and their
associated
shared secrets for login_radius(8).
skel/ Example ``.'' (dot) files for new
accounts.
sliphome/ Configuration files for sliplogin(8).
ssh/ Configuration files for ssh(1)
and sshd(8).
ssl/ OpenSSL configuration files (see
openssl(1)).
systrace/ Sample systrace(1) policies.
/home/ Default location for user home directories.
/mnt/ Empty directory commonly used by system administrators as a
temporary mount point.
/root/ Default home directory for the superuser.
/sbin/ System programs and administration utilities fundamental to
both single and multi-user environments. These
programs are
statically compiled and therefore do not depend
on any system
libraries to run.
/stand/ Programs used in a stand-alone environment.
/tmp/ Temporary files, usually an mfs(8) memory-based
filesystem
(the contents of /tmp are usually not preserved
across a system
reboot).
/usr/ Contains the majority of user utilities and applications.
X11R6/ Files required for the X11 window system.
bin/ X11 binaries.
include/ X11-specific C include files.
lib/ X11 archive libraries.
X11/ Default configuration files for
X11 and companion
applications
(see xdm(1),
xkb(1), twm(1)).
modules/ Various libraries
and drivers
for the X11 window
system.
man/ X11 manual pages.
bin/ Common utilities, programming tools,
and applications.
games/ Useful and semi-frivolous programs.
include/ Standard C include files.
altq/ C include files for the altq subsystem
(see pf.conf(5)).
arpa/ C include files for Internet service
protocols.
crypto/ C include files for the
cryptographic
libraries.
ddb/ C include files for the
kernel debugger
(see ddb(4)).
dev/ Device-specific C include
files.
g++/ Include files for the GNU
C++ compiler.
isofs/ C include files for the ISO
standard
file systems (currently only cd9660).
kerberosV/ C include files for the
KerberosV authentication
subsystem (see
info(1)
heimdal).
libmilter/ C include files for the
sendmail(8) mail
filter API.
machine/ Machine specific C include
files.
miscfs/ C include files for miscellaneous file
systems.
net/ Miscellaneous network C include files.
netatalk/ C include files for the AppleTalk protocol.
netccitt/ C include files for X.25
LAPB support.
netinet/ C include files for Internet standard
protocols (see inet(4)).
netinet6/ C include files for Internet protocol
version 6 (see inet6(4)).
netipx/ C include files for the IPX
protocol.
netnatm/ C include files for native
mode ATM access.
netns/ C include files for XNS
standard protocols
(see ns(4)).
nfs/ C include files for NFS
(Network File
System).
objc/ C include files for GNU Objective-C.
openssl/ C include files for the
OpenSSL library
(see ssl(8)).
protocols/ C include files for Berkeley service
protocols.
readline/ C include files for the
readline(3) library.
rpc/ C include files for remote
procedure
calling (see rpc(5)).
rpcsvc/ C include files for rpcsvc.
scsi/ SCSI-specific C include
files.
sys/ System C include files
(kernel data
structures).
ufs/ C include files for UFS
(the U-word File
System).
uvm/ C include files for the
virtual memory
interface.
xfs/ C include files for the XFS
file system.
lib/ Archive libraries.
libdata/ Miscellaneous utility data files.
cvs/ Placeholder for user contributed cvs(1)
code/scripts.
lint/ Prebuilt lint(1) libraries.
perl5/ Data files for perl(1).
ssh/ Data file for ssh(1).
libexec/ System daemons and utilities (executed
by other programs).
auth/ Login scripts used to authenticate
users (for BSD authentication).
cvs/contrib/ User contributed cvs(1)
scripts.
lpr/ Contains the lpf filter
for lpd(8).
sendmail/ Contains the sendmail(8)
binary.
sm.bin/ Binaries to be run by
smrsh(8).
lkm/ Loadable kernel modules.
local/ Local executables, libraries, etc.
mdec/ Boot-related executables.
obj/ Architecture specific target tree produced by building
the /usr/src tree.
ports/ The OpenBSD ports collection (see
ports(7)).
sbin/ System daemons and utilities (executed
by users).
share/ Architecture independent data files.
calendar/ Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see
calendar(1)).
dict/ Word lists (see look(1)
and spell(1)).
american Spellings
preferred in
American usage.
english Spellings
preferred in
British usage.
eign List of common words.
propernames List of proper names.
stop Forms that
would otherwise
be derivable
by spell(1)
from words in
the other
files in
/usr/share/dict,
but should
not be accepted.
web2 Words from
Webster's 2nd
International.
web2a Additional
words from Webster's.
words Common words.
papers/ Reference
databases (see
refer(1)).
special/ Custom word
lists.
doc/ Miscellaneous documentation; source for
most of the 4.3BSD manuals.
html/ HTML documentation.
psd/ UNIX Programmer's
Supplementary
Documents (PSD).
smm/ UNIX System Manager's Manuals
(SMM).
usd/ UNIX User's Supplementary Documents
(USD).
games/ ASCII text files used by
various games.
groff_font/ GNU troff shared fonts.
info/ Texinfo source files.
ipsec/ IPsec example files.
lkm/ Example source code implementing several
lkm module types (see
lkm(4)).
locale/ Locales for multi-language
support.
man/ Manual pages.
cat*/ Preformatted
man(1) pages.
Layout similar to
man (below).
man1/ General commands
(tools and
utilities).
man2/ System calls and
error numbers.
man3/ Libraries.
man3p/ perl(1) programmers' reference
guide.
man4/ Special files and
hardware support.
man5/ File formats.
man6/ Games.
man7/ Miscellaneous.
man8/ System maintenance
and operation
commands.
man9/ Kernel internals.
misc/ Miscellaneous system-wide
ASCII text
files.
termcap Terminal
characteristics
database (see
termcap(5)).
termcap.db Hash database
file containing
terminal descriptions
(see
cap_mkdb(1)).
terminfo.db Terminal information
database.
pcvtfonts/ Additional
i386 console
fonts.
mk/ Templates for make (see
make(1)).
nls/ National Language Support
(NLS) catalogs.
pf/ Sample configuration files
for pf(4).
sendmail/ Example files for sendmail(8).
tabset/ Tab description files for
a variety of
terminals; used in the
termcap file
(see termcap(5)).
texinfo/ Templates for texinfo(5).
tmac/ Text processing macros
(see nroff(1)
and troff(1)).
vi/catalog/ Catalog files for the
vi(1) text editor.
zoneinfo/ Timezone configuration information (see
tzfile(5)).
src/ BSD and/or local source files.
bin/ Source for files in /bin.
distrib/ Source for making distribution sets.
etc/ Source for files in /etc.
games/ Source for files in
/usr/games.
gnu/ Source for files under GPL
or other restrictive
licenses.
include/ Source for files in
/usr/include.
kerberosV/ Source for Kerberos version
V.
lib/ Source for files in
/usr/lib.
libexec/ Source for files in
/usr/libexec.
lkm/ Source for files in
/usr/lkm.
regress/ Regress framework.
sbin/ Source for files in /sbin.
share/ Source for files in
/usr/share.
sys/ Kernel source files.
usr.bin/ Source for files in
/usr/bin.
usr.sbin/ Source for files in
/usr/sbin.
/var/ Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and
spool files.
account/ System accounting files.
acct Execution accounting file
(see
acct(5)).
audit/ Audit logs.
authpf/ PID file for authpf(8).
backups/ Miscellaneous backup files.
crash/ Crash dumps written by savecore(8).
cron/ Spools and configuration files for
cron(8) and
at(1).
atjobs/ at(1) jobs.
tabs/ Individual crontab(1)
files.
db/ Miscellaneous, automatically generated
system-specific
database files.
empty/ Generic chroot(2) directory.
games/ Miscellaneous game status and log
files.
log/ Miscellaneous system log files.
wtmp Login/logout log (see
wtmp(5)).
rdist/ Log files for rdist(1).
mail/ User mailbox files.
msgs/ Database for msgs(1).
named/ Chroot directory for named(8).
quotas/ Filesystem quota information files.
run/ System information files describing
various info
about the system since it was booted.
utmp Database of current users
(see
utmp(5)).
sudo/ Timestamps for sudo(8).
rwho/ rwho data files (see rwhod(8),
rwho(1), and
ruptime(1)).
spool/ Miscellaneous printer and mail system
spooling directories.
clientmqueue/ Mail messages waiting
to be processed
by the sendmail
clientmqueue
helper task (see sendmail(8)).
ftp/ Commonly ~ftp; the
anonymous ftp
root directory.
lock/ Lock files for utilities such as
cu(1), tip(1) and uucp.
mqueue/ Undelivered mail queue
(see
sendmail(8)).
output/ Line printer spooling
directories.
uucp/ uucp spool directory.
uucppublic/ Commonly ~uucp; public
uucp temporary
directory.
tmp/ Temporary files that are kept between
system reboots.
www/ ServerRoot point for httpd(8).
yp/ Files for the yp(8) subsystem.
apropos(1), find(1), locate(1), whatis(1), whereis(1),
which(1)
A hier manual page appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.
OpenBSD 3.6 June 5, 1993
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