hier - Standard file system hierarchy
A Tru64 UNIX operating system has a standard file system
hierarchy. So does the X11 Window System. The operating
system has a unique root directory, the identity of which
is compiled into the operating system kernel and is activated
when the operating system is bootstrapped. The X11
Window System is a file system within the operating system
hierarchy.
The root file system is the file system that contains the
root directory. Although the default root file system is
compiled into the kernel, you can use other file systems
as the root after the system is bootstrapped. For example,
you could use the mount command to mount a file system on
the root directory mount point, making that file system
the root file system until the machine is bootstrapped
again.
The standard file system hierarchy for Tru64 UNIX systems
allows both the components of the system and developers of
products for it to install and run their software in a
consistent environment. For example, third-party software
developers can place their products within the standard
directory structure (in the /opt, /usr/opt, and /var/opt
directories), and can then expect their products will
install successfully on systems that have maintained the
standard hierarchy.
The three components to the standard file system hierarchy
for Tru64 UNIX systems are the directory hierarchy for the
operating system, the X11 Window System, and Context
Dependent Symbolic Links (CDSLs). The following sections
show these components.
Developers of products for Tru64 UNIX should use the
structures shown in order to ensure their products can be
installed on, and are portable to, other Tru64 UNIX systems.
Administrators of Tru64 UNIX systems should preserve the
CDSLs for the system because the CDSLs must be intact to
perform update installations of Tru64 UNIX systems or
incorporate the system into a clustered environment. See
symlink(2) for more information about symbolic links and
CDSLs.
The following table shows the standard base system hierarchy.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Base System Hierarchy Description of Directory or File
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
/ The root directory for the root file system of the
operating system
/cluster/ Directory for a cluster of which this system could
be a member
members/ Root directory for cluster member0, this system,
whether or not it is in a cluster
/dev/ Block and character device special files
/devices/ Directory for device special files (new method)
/etc/ System configuration files and databases; nonexecutable
files
nls/ National language support databases
/lost+found/ Files located by fsck
/opt/ Optional for layered products, such as applications
and device drivers
/sbin/ Commands essential to boot the system (most of
these commands depend on shared libraries or the
loader and have other versions in /usr/bin or
/usr/sbin)
init.d/ System state rc files
rc0.d/ The rc files executed for system-state 0
rc2.d/ The rc files executed for system-state 2
rc3.d/ The rc files executed for system-state 3
/subsys/ Dynamically configured kernel modules required in
single-user mode
/sys/ Links to those files in /usr/sys/ that are sourcecode
based
BINARY/ System executable modules (.mod files )
/tmp/ System-generated temporary files, usually not preserved
across a system reboot
/usr/ Most user utilities and applications
bin/ Common utilities and applications
ccs/ C compilation system; tools and libraries used to
generate C programs
bin/ Development binaries such as cc, ld, and make
lib/ Development libraries and back ends
cluster/ Directories for cluster members
include/ Program header (include) files; not all subdirectories
are listed in this appendix
mach/ Mach-specific C include files
machine/ Machine-specific C include files
net/ Miscellaneous network C include files
netinet/ C include files for Internet standard protocols
netns/ C include files for XNS standard protocols
nfs/ C include files for Network File System
protocols/ C include files for Berkeley service protocols
rpc/ C include files for remote procedure calls
servers/ C include files for servers
sys/ System C include files (kernel data structures)
tli/ C include files for Transport Layer Interface
ufs/ C include files for UNIX File System
examples/ Subdirectories of programming examples
lbin/ Back-end executable files
spell/ Spell back-end
uucp/ UNIX-to-UNIX Copy (UUCP) programs
lib/ Links to libraries located elsewhere
(/usr/ccs/lib), (/usr/libin), (/usr/share/lib),
(/X11/lib); included for compatibility
opt/ Optional layered products, such as applications
and device drivers
sbin/ System administration utilities and system utilities
share/ Architecture-independent ASCII text files
dict/ Word lists
lib/ Various libraries
me/ Macros for use with the me macro package
ms/ Macros for use with the ms macro package
tabset/ Tab description files for a variety of terminals;
used in /etc/termcap
terminfo/ Terminal information database
tmac/ Text-processing macros
man/ Online reference pages
man1/ Source for user command reference pages
man2/ Source for system call reference pages
man3/ Source for library routine reference pages
man4/ Source for file format reference pages
man5/ Source for miscellaneous reference pages
man7/ Source for device reference pages
man8/ Source for administrator command reference pages
cat1-cat8 Formatted versions of files in man1 - man8
shlib/ Binary-loadable shared libraries; shared versions
of libraries in /usr/ccs/lib
sys/ System configuration files
BINARY Object files and links to the files in
/sys/BINARY/
conf/ Kernel configuration control files
include/ Header files
/var/ Multipurpose log, temporary, varying, and spool
files. [An alternate location for this directory
is /usr/var.]
cluster/ Directory for cluster members
adm/ Common administrative files and databases
crash/ For saving kernel crash dumps
cron/ Files used by cron
sendmail/ Configuration and database files for sendmail
syslog/ Files generated by syslog
opt/ Optional layered products, such as applications
and device drivers
run/ Files created when daemons are running
spool/ Miscellaneous printer and mail-system spooling
directories
lpd/ Line printer spooling directories
mail/ Incoming mail messages
mqueue/ Undelivered mail queue
uucp/ UUCP spool directory
subsys/ Loadable kernel modules required in multiuser mode
tmp/ Application-generated temporary files that are
kept between system reboots
/vmunix Pure kernel executable (the operating system
loaded into memory at boot time)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following table shows the standard X11 window system
hierarchy.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
X11 Window System Description of Directory or File
Hierarchy
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/ Most user utilities and applications
bin/ Common utilities and applications
X11/ X applications
demos/ Miscellaneous demo programs
examples/ Example programs
dxpaint/ Sample Paint image
motif/ Motif example programs
include/ Header files
DPS/ Files for DPS
DXm/ Files for libDXm
Mrm/ Files for libMrm
uil/ UIL header files
X11/ X C header files
bitmaps/ X bitmaps
extensions/ Header files for use with X extensions
Xaw/ Files for libXaw
Xserver/ Header files used for loadable X server libraries
Xm/ Header files for libXm
lib/ Static archive X libraries
cda/ CDA style guides
emacs/ Emacs directory base
X11/ Display and font resources
app-defaults/ System-wide resource files for X client applications
bitmaps/ Program-specific bitmaps
appdata/ Generic program-specific data
config/ Imake configuration files
DPS/ Display Postscript files
fonts/ Font files
100dpi/ 100 dpi fonts from X Consortium
75dpi/ 75 dpi fonts from X Consortium
decwin/ DECwindows fonts
100dpi/ 100 dpi fonts
75dpi/ 75 dpi fonts
misc/ Fonts from X Consortium
Speedo/ Speedo scalable fonts
Type1/ Type1 scalable fonts
Type1Adobe/ Adobe Type1 scalable fonts
afm/ Adobe font metrics
user Fonts from layered products and local installations
100dpi/ 100 dpi fonts
75dpi/ 75 dpi fonts
misc/ Other fonts
fs/ Fontserver config and error log files
help/ Help files for X client applications; subdirectories
as applicable
keymaps/ Keymaps for various keyboards
twm/ Default configuration for twm window manager
uid/ User Interface Definitions for X client applications
x11perfcomp/ Scripts for analyzing x11perf output
xdm/ X Display Manager configuration and resource
files, and error log
shlib/ Shareable libraries
X11/ Shareable libraries loaded by X server
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following example is a list of Context Dependent Symbolic
Links (CDSLs) on a base system. It was produced by
running the following command line. Note that the CDSL
list generated on your system may differ from that presented
in this example, depending on the version of the
operating system you are running and the layered products
(such as cluster software) that are installed. # find /
-type l -ls | grep '{memb}' | awk '{ print $11, $12, $13
}' | tee /usr/tmp/cdsl.list.
/cluster/members/member -> {memb} /etc/cfginfo -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/cfginfo
/etc/autopush.conf ->
../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/autopush.conf /etc/binlog.conf
-> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/binlog.conf
/etc/rc.config -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/rc.config
/etc/strsetup.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/strsetup.conf
/etc/syslog.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/syslog.conf
/etc/gated.conf ->
../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/gated.conf /etc/ifaccess.conf
-> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/ifaccess.conf
/etc/inet.local -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/inet.local
/etc/inetd.conf.local ->
../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/inetd.conf.local
/etc/ntp.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/ntp.conf
/etc/ogated.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/ogated.conf
/etc/ppp ->
../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/ppp /etc/remote -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/remote
/etc/routes -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/routes
/etc/slhosts -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/slhosts
/etc/snmpd.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/snmpd.conf
/etc/dhcptab -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/dhcptab
/etc/latautopush.conf ->
../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/latautopush.conf
/etc/dfsl.dat -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/dfsl.dat
/etc/atm -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/atm
/etc/atm.conf -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/atm.conf
/etc/dfsl.bak -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/dfsl.bak
/etc/gateways -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/gateways
/etc/ntp.keys -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/etc/ntp.keys
/etc/sm -> /cluster/members/{memb}//etc/sm /etc/sm.bak ->
/cluster/members/{memb}//etc/sm.bak /etc/state -> /cluster/members/{memb}//etc/state
/sbin/init.d/autosysconfig
-> ../../cluster/members/{memb}
/sbin/init.d/autosysconfig /dev ->
cluster/members/{memb}/dev /tmp -> cluster/members/{memb}/tmp
/usr/cluster/members/member -> {memb}
/usr/lib/X11/Xserver.conf -> ../../var/cluster/members/{memb}
/X11/Xserver.conf /var/cluster/members/member
-> {memb} /var/adm/smlogs -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/smlogs
/var/adm/binary.errlog ->
../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/binary.errlog /var/adm/crash
-> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/crash /var/adm/cron ->
../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/cron /var/adm/lastlog ->
../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/lastlog /var/adm/lmf ->
../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/lmf /var/adm/messages ->
../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/messages /var/adm/sendmail/protocols.map
-> ../../cluster/members/{memb}
/adm/sendmail/protocols.map
/var/adm/sendmail/sendmail.st -> ../../cluster/members/{memb}
/adm/sendmail/sendmail.st
/var/adm/syslog -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/syslog
/var/adm/syslog.dated -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/syslog.dated
/var/adm/utmp -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/utmp
/var/adm/wtmp -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/wtmp
/var/adm/lpd -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/adm/lpd
/var/tmp -> ./cluster/members/{memb}/tmp
/var/evm/adm/logfiles -> ../../cluster/members/{memb}/evm/adm/logfiles
/var/evm/evmlog ->
../cluster/members/{memb}/evm/evmlog /var/evm/sockets ->
../cluster/members/{memb}/evm/sockets /var/run -> ./cluster/members/{memb}/run
/var/spool/cron -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/spool/cron
/var/spool/locks -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/spool/locks
/var/spool/lpd -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/spool/lpd
/var/spool/uucp -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/spool/uucp
/var/spool/uucppublic -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/spool/uucppublic
/var/agentx -> ./cluster/members/{memb}/agentx
/var/rwho -> ./cluster/members/{memb}/rwho
/var/dt -> cluster/members/{memb}/dt
/var/advfs/daemon/logs -> ../../cluster/members/{memb}/advfs/daemon/logs
/var/advfs/daemon/socket ->
../../cluster/members/{memb}
/advfs/daemon/socket
/var/advfs/gui -> ../cluster/members/{memb}/advfs/gui
/var/rsvp -> ./cluster/members/{memb}/rsvp /var/yp/binding
-> ../cluster/members/{memb}/yp/binding /var/im -> ./cluster/members/{memb}/im
/var/lsmsa -> /var/cluster/members/{memb}/lsmsa
/.local.. -> cluster/members/{memb}
The /usr/sbin/cdslinvchk utility provides a method of
checking and verifying CDSLs on a system.
Commands: ls(1), apropos(1), whatis(1), whereis(1), finger(1), which(1), find(1), grep(1), fsck(8), mount(8),
cdslinvchk(8)
Functions:symlink(2)
hier(5)
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