|
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acct(2) -- enable or disable process accounting
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The acct() call enables or disables the collection of system accounting records. If the argument file is a nil pointer, accounting is disabled. If file is an existing pathname (null-terminated), recor... |
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adjtime(2) -- correct the time to allow synchronization of the system clock
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adjtime() makes small adjustments to the system time, as returned by gettimeofday(2), advancing or retarding it by the time specified by the timeval delta. If delta is negative, the clock is slowed do... |
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arm_drain_writebuf(2) -- drains the cpu write buffer
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arm_drain_writebuf() will make sure that all the entries in the processor write buffer are written out to memory. Not all processors support this operation (currently only the SA110). Those processes ... |
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arm_sync_icache(2) -- clean the cpu data cache and flush the cpu instruction cache
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arm_sync_icache() will make sure that all the entries in the processor instruction cache are synchorised with main memory and that any data in a write back cache has been cleaned. Some ARM processors ... |
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bind(2) -- bind a name to a socket
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bind() assigns a name to an unnamed socket. When a socket is created with socket(2) it exists in a name space (address family) but has no name assigned. bind() requests that name be assigned to the so... |
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brk(2) -- change data segment size
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The brk and sbrk functions are legacy interfaces from before the advent of modern virtual memory management. The brk() and sbrk() functions are used to change the amount of memory allocated in a proce... |
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chdir(2) -- change current working directory
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The path argument points to the pathname of a directory. The chdir() function causes the named directory to become the current working directory, that is, the starting point for path searches of pathn... |
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chflags(2) -- set file flags
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The file whose name is given by path or referenced by the descriptor fd has its flags changed to flags. For lchflags(), symbolic links are not traversed and thus their modes may be changed with this c... |
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chmod(2) -- change mode of file
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|
The function chmod() sets the file permission bits of the file specified by the pathname path to mode. fchmod() sets the permission bits of the specified file descriptor fd. lchmod() is like chmod() e... |
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chown(2) -- change owner and group of a file
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The owner ID and group ID of the file named by path or referenced by fd is changed as specified by the arguments owner and group. The owner of a file may change the group to a group of which he or she... |
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chroot(2) -- change root directory
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dirname is the address of the pathname of a directory, terminated by an ASCII NUL. chroot() causes dirname to become the root directory, that is, the starting point for path searches of pathnames begi... |
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clock_getres(2) -- clock and timer functions
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The clock_settime() function sets the clock identified by clock_id to the absolute time specified by tp. If the time specified by tp is not a multiple of the resolution of the clock, tp is truncated t... |
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clock_gettime(2) -- clock and timer functions
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The clock_settime() function sets the clock identified by clock_id to the absolute time specified by tp. If the time specified by tp is not a multiple of the resolution of the clock, tp is truncated t... |
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clock_settime(2) -- clock and timer functions
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The clock_settime() function sets the clock identified by clock_id to the absolute time specified by tp. If the time specified by tp is not a multiple of the resolution of the clock, tp is truncated t... |
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clone(2) -- spawn new process with options
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The clone system call (and associated library support code) creates a new process in a way that allows the caller to specify several options for the new process creation. Unlike fork(2) or vfork(2), i... |
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close(2) -- delete a descriptor
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The close() system call deletes a descriptor from the per-process object reference table. If this is the last reference to the underlying object, the object will be deactivated. For example, on the la... |
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connect(2) -- initiate a connection on a socket
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The parameter s is a socket. If it is of type SOCK_DGRAM, this call specifies the peer with which the socket is to be associated; this address is that to which datagrams are to be sent, and the only a... |
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dup(2) -- duplicate an existing file descriptor
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dup() duplicates an existing object descriptor and returns its value to the calling process (newd = dup(oldd)). The argument oldd is a small non-negative integer index in the per-process descriptor ta... |
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dup2(2) -- duplicate an existing file descriptor
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|
dup() duplicates an existing object descriptor and returns its value to the calling process (newd = dup(oldd)). The argument oldd is a small non-negative integer index in the per-process descriptor ta... |
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errno(2) -- introduction to system calls and error numbers
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This section provides an overview of the system calls, their error returns, and other common definitions and concepts. |
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execve(2) -- execute a file
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execve() transforms the calling process into a new process. The new process is constructed from an ordinary file, whose name is pointed to by path, called the new process file. This file is either an ... |
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fchdir(2) -- change current working directory
|
|
The path argument points to the pathname of a directory. The chdir() function causes the named directory to become the current working directory, that is, the starting point for path searches of pathn... |
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fchflags(2) -- set file flags
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The file whose name is given by path or referenced by the descriptor fd has its flags changed to flags. For lchflags(), symbolic links are not traversed and thus their modes may be changed with this c... |
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fchmod(2) -- change mode of file
|
|
The function chmod() sets the file permission bits of the file specified by the pathname path to mode. fchmod() sets the permission bits of the specified file descriptor fd. lchmod() is like chmod() e... |
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fchown(2) -- change owner and group of a file
|
|
The owner ID and group ID of the file named by path or referenced by fd is changed as specified by the arguments owner and group. The owner of a file may change the group to a group of which he or she... |
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fchroot(2) -- change root directory
|
|
dirname is the address of the pathname of a directory, terminated by an ASCII NUL. chroot() causes dirname to become the root directory, that is, the starting point for path searches of pathnames begi... |
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fcntl(2) -- file descriptor control
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fcntl() provides for control over descriptors. The argument fd is a descriptor to be operated on by cmd as described below. The third parameter is called arg and is technically a pointer to void, but ... |
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fdatasync(2) -- synchronize the data of a file
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|
The fdatasync() function forces all modified data associated with the file descriptor fd to be flushed to stable storage. The functionality is as described for fsync(2), with the exception that file s... |
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fhopen(2) -- access file via file handle
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|
These functions provide a means to access a file given the file handle fhp. As this method bypasses directory access restrictions, these calls are restricted to the superuser. fhopen() opens the file ... |
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fhstat(2) -- access file via file handle
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|
These functions provide a means to access a file given the file handle fhp. As this method bypasses directory access restrictions, these calls are restricted to the superuser. fhopen() opens the file ... |
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fhstatfs(2) -- access file via file handle
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|
These functions provide a means to access a file given the file handle fhp. As this method bypasses directory access restrictions, these calls are restricted to the superuser. fhopen() opens the file ... |
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fktrace(2) -- process tracing
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|
The ktrace() function enables or disables tracing of one or more processes. Users may only trace their own processes. Only the super-user can trace setuid or setgid programs. The tracefile gives the p... |
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flock(2) -- apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file
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|
flock() applies or removes an advisory lock on the file associated with the file descriptor fd. A lock is applied by specifying an operation parameter that is one of LOCK_SH or LOCK_EX with the option... |
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fork(2) -- create a new process
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|
fork() causes creation of a new process. The new process (child process) is an exact copy of the calling process (parent process) except for the following: +o The child process has a unique process ID... |
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fpathconf(2) -- get configurable pathname variables
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|
The pathconf() and fpathconf() functions provides a method for applications to determine the current value of a configurable system limit or option variable associated with a pathname or file descript... |
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fstat(2) -- get file status
|
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The stat() function obtains information about the file pointed to by path. Read, write or execute permission of the named file is not required, but all directories listed in the path name leading to t... |
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fstatfs(2) -- get file system statistics
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|
statfs() returns information about a mounted file system. path is the path name of any file within the mounted file system. buf is a pointer to a statfs structure defined as follows: typedef struct { ... |
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fsync(2) -- synchronize a file's in-core state with that on disk
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|
fsync() causes all modified data and attributes of fd to be moved to a permanent storage device. This normally results in all in-core modified copies of buffers for the associated file to be written t... |
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ftruncate(2) -- truncate a file to a specified length
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|
truncate() causes the file named by path or referenced by fd to have a size of length bytes. If the file previously was larger than this size, the extra data is discarded. If it was previously shorter... |
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futimes(2) -- set file access and modification times
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The access and modification times of the file named by path or referenced by fd are changed as specified by the argument times. If times is NULL, the access and modification times are set to the curre... |
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getdents(2) -- get directory entries in a filesystem independent format
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|
getdents() reads directory entries from the directory referenced by the file descriptor fd into the buffer pointed to by buf, in a filesystem independent format. Up to nbytes of data will be transferr... |
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getegid(2) -- get group process identification
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|
The getgid() function returns the real group ID of the calling process, getegid() returns the effective group ID of the calling process. The real group ID is specified at login time. The real group ID... |
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geteuid(2) -- get user identification
|
|
The getuid() function returns the real user ID of the calling process. The geteuid() function returns the effective user ID of the calling process. The real user ID is that of the user who has invoked... |
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getfh(2) -- get file handle
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|
getfh() returns a file handle for the specified file or directory in the file handle pointed to by fhp. This system call is restricted to the superuser. |
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getfsstat(2) -- get list of all mounted file systems
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|
getfsstat() returns information about all mounted file systems. buf is a pointer to an array of statfs structures defined as follows: typedef struct { int32_t val[2]; } fsid_t; /* file system id type ... |
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getgid(2) -- get group process identification
|
|
The getgid() function returns the real group ID of the calling process, getegid() returns the effective group ID of the calling process. The real group ID is specified at login time. The real group ID... |
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getgroups(2) -- get group access list
|
|
getgroups() gets the current group access list of the current user process and stores it in the array gidset. The parameter gidsetlen indicates the number of entries that may be placed in gidset. getg... |
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getitimer(2) -- get/set value of interval timer
|
|
The system provides each process with three interval timers, defined in . The getitimer() call returns the current value for the timer specified in which in the structure at value. The set... |
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getlogin(2) -- get/set login name
|
|
The getlogin() routine returns the login name of the user associated with the current session, as previously set by setlogin(). The name is normally associated with a login shell at the time a session... |
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getpeername(2) -- get name of connected peer
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|
getpeername() returns the name of the peer connected to socket s. The namelen parameter should be initialized to indicate the amount of space pointed to by name. On return it contains the actual size ... |
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getpgid(2) -- get process group
|
|
The process group of the current process is returned by getpgrp(). The process group of the pid process is returned by getpgid(). Process groups are used for distribution of signals, and by terminals ... |
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getpgrp(2) -- get process group
|
|
The process group of the current process is returned by getpgrp(). The process group of the pid process is returned by getpgid(). Process groups are used for distribution of signals, and by terminals ... |
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getpid(2) -- get parent or calling process identification
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|
getpid() returns the process ID of the calling process. The ID is guaranteed to be unique and is useful for constructing temporary file names. getppid() returns the process ID of the parent of the cal... |
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getppid(2) -- get parent or calling process identification
|
|
getpid() returns the process ID of the calling process. The ID is guaranteed to be unique and is useful for constructing temporary file names. getppid() returns the process ID of the parent of the cal... |
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getpriority(2) -- get/set program scheduling priority
|
|
The scheduling priority of the process, process group, or user, as indicated by which and who is obtained with the getpriority() call and set with the setpriority() call. which is one of PRIO_PROCESS,... |
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getrlimit(2) -- control maximum system resource consumption
|
|
Limits on the consumption of system resources by the current process and each process it creates may be obtained with the getrlimit() call, and set with the setrlimit() call. Resources of an arbitrary... |
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getrusage(2) -- get information about resource utilization
|
|
getrusage() returns information describing the resources utilized by the current process, or all its terminated child processes. The who parameter is either RUSAGE_SELF or RUSAGE_CHILDREN. The buffer ... |
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getsid(2) -- get session ID
|
|
The getsid function returns the session ID of the process specified by pid. If pid is 0, the session ID of the calling process is returned. The session ID is defined as the process group ID of the pro... |
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getsockname(2) -- get socket name
|
|
The getsockname() system call returns the current name for the specified socket. The namelen parameter should be initialized to indicate the amount of space pointed to by name. On return it contains t... |
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getsockopt(2) -- get and set options on sockets
|
|
getsockopt() and setsockopt() manipulate the options associated with a socket. Options may exist at multiple protocol levels; they are always present at the uppermost ``socket'' level. When manipula... |
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gettimeofday(2) -- get/set date and time
|
|
Note: time zone information is no longer provided by this interface. See localtime(3) for information on how to retrieve it. The system's notion of the current UTC time is obtained with the gettimeof... |
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getuid(2) -- get user identification
|
|
The getuid() function returns the real user ID of the calling process. The geteuid() function returns the effective user ID of the calling process. The real user ID is that of the user who has invoked... |
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i386_get_ioperm(2) -- manage i386 per-process I/O permission bitmap
|
|
i386_get_ioperm() copies the current I/O permission bitmap into the memory referenced by iomap. i386_set_ioperm() sets the I/O permission bitmap from the data pointed to by iomap. This call is restric... |
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i386_get_ldt(2) -- manage i386 per-process Local Descriptor Table entries
|
|
i386_get_ldt() will return the list of i386 descriptors that the process has in its LDT. i386_set_ldt() will set a list of i386 descriptors for the current process in its LDT. Both routines accept a s... |
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i386_get_mtrr(2) -- access Memory Type Range Registers
|
|
These functions provide an interface to the MTRR registers found on 686-class processors for controlling processor access to memory ranges. This is most useful for accessing devices such as video acce... |
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i386_iopl(2) -- change the i386 I/O privilege level
|
|
i386_iopl() sets the i386 I/O privilege level to the value specified by iopl. This call is restricted to the super-user. |
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i386_pmc_info(2) -- interface to CPU performance counters
|
|
These functions provide an interface to the CPU performance counters on the 586-class and 686-class processors. i386_pmc_info() will return information about the available CPU counters. The informatio... |
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i386_pmc_read(2) -- interface to CPU performance counters
|
|
These functions provide an interface to the CPU performance counters on the 586-class and 686-class processors. i386_pmc_info() will return information about the available CPU counters. The informatio... |
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i386_pmc_startstop(2) -- interface to CPU performance counters
|
|
These functions provide an interface to the CPU performance counters on the 586-class and 686-class processors. i386_pmc_info() will return information about the available CPU counters. The informatio... |
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i386_set_ioperm(2) -- manage i386 per-process I/O permission bitmap
|
|
i386_get_ioperm() copies the current I/O permission bitmap into the memory referenced by iomap. i386_set_ioperm() sets the I/O permission bitmap from the data pointed to by iomap. This call is restric... |
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i386_set_ldt(2) -- manage i386 per-process Local Descriptor Table entries
|
|
i386_get_ldt() will return the list of i386 descriptors that the process has in its LDT. i386_set_ldt() will set a list of i386 descriptors for the current process in its LDT. Both routines accept a s... |
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i386_set_mtrr(2) -- access Memory Type Range Registers
|
|
These functions provide an interface to the MTRR registers found on 686-class processors for controlling processor access to memory ranges. This is most useful for accessing devices such as video acce... |
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i386_vm86(2) -- set virtual 8086 processor registers and mode
|
|
i386_vm86() will set the process into virtual 8086 mode using the registers and selectors specified by the context pointed to by vmcp. The processor registers are set from vmcp->substr.regs, and the e... |
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intro(2) -- introduction to system calls and error numbers
|
|
This section provides an overview of the system calls, their error returns, and other common definitions and concepts. |
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ioctl(2) -- control device
|
|
The ioctl() function manipulates the underlying device parameters of special files. In particular, many operating characteristics of character special files (e.g. terminals) may be controlled with ioc... |
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issetugid(2) -- is current process tainted by uid or gid changes
|
|
The issetugid() function returns 1 if the process environment or memory address space is considered ``tainted'', and returns 0 otherwise. A process is tainted if it was created as a result of an exe... |
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kill(2) -- send signal to a process
|
|
The kill() function sends the signal given by sig to pid, a process or a group of processes. sig may be one of the signals specified in sigaction(2) or it may be 0, in which case error checking is per... |
|
ktrace(2) -- process tracing
|
|
The ktrace() function enables or disables tracing of one or more processes. Users may only trace their own processes. Only the super-user can trace setuid or setgid programs. The tracefile gives the p... |
|
lchflags(2) -- set file flags
|
|
The file whose name is given by path or referenced by the descriptor fd has its flags changed to flags. For lchflags(), symbolic links are not traversed and thus their modes may be changed with this c... |
|
lchmod(2) -- change mode of file
|
|
The function chmod() sets the file permission bits of the file specified by the pathname path to mode. fchmod() sets the permission bits of the specified file descriptor fd. lchmod() is like chmod() e... |
|
lchown(2) -- change owner and group of a file
|
|
The owner ID and group ID of the file named by path or referenced by fd is changed as specified by the arguments owner and group. The owner of a file may change the group to a group of which he or she... |
|
lfs_bmapv(2) -- retrieve disk addresses for arrays of blocks
|
|
lfs_bmapv() fills in the bi_daddr field for every block listed in the block array blkiov with the disk address corrseponding to the logical block bi_lbn of the file with inode bi_inode. If bi_lbn is L... |
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lfs_markv(2) -- rewrite disk blocks to new disk locations
|
|
lfs_markv() rewrites the blocks specified in blkiov to new disk locations, for the purposes of grouping them next to one another, or to move them out of a segment to clean it. All fields of the BLOCK_... |
|
lfs_segclean(2) -- mark a segment clean
|
|
lfs_segclean() marks segment number segment in LFS filesystem *fsidp "clean" or available for writing. |
|
lfs_segwait(2) -- wait until a segment is written
|
|
lfs_segwait() blocks until a new segment is acquired for writing by the filesystem specified by *fsidp or if *fsidp is -1, until a segment is acquired for writing by any LFS filesystem. If timeout is ... |
|
link(2) -- make a hard file link
|
|
The link() function call atomically creates the specified directory entry (hard link) name2 with the attributes of the underlying object pointed at by name1. If the link is successful: the link count ... |
|
listen(2) -- listen for connections on a socket
|
|
To accept connections, a socket is first created with socket(2), a willingness to accept incoming connections and a queue limit for incoming connections are specified with listen(), and then the conne... |
|
lseek(2) -- reposition read/write file offset
|
|
The lseek() function repositions the offset of the file descriptor fildes to the argument offset according to the directive whence. The argument fildes must be an open file descriptor. lseek() reposit... |
|
lstat(2) -- get file status
|
|
The stat() function obtains information about the file pointed to by path. Read, write or execute permission of the named file is not required, but all directories listed in the path name leading to t... |
|
lutimes(2) -- set file access and modification times
|
|
The access and modification times of the file named by path or referenced by fd are changed as specified by the argument times. If times is NULL, the access and modification times are set to the curre... |
|
m68k_sync_icache(2) -- instruction cache synchronization
|
|
m68k_sync_icache() synchronizes data and instruction caches over the specified region. It should be called prior to executing newly generated code. The affected address range starts at start and conti... |
|
madvise(2) -- give advice about use of memory
|
|
The madvise() system call allows a process that has knowledge of its memory behavior to describe it to the system. The known behaviors are given in : #define MADV_NORMAL 0 /* no further sp... |
|
mincore(2) -- determine residency of memory pages
|
|
The mincore() system call allows a process to obtain information about whether pages are core resident. The status of the memory range is returned in the character-per-page array vec. If the page is r... |
|
minherit(2) -- control the inheritance of pages
|
|
The minherit() system call changes the specified range of virtual addresses to have the specified fork-time inheritance characteristic inherit, which can be set to MAP_INHERIT_NONE, MAP_INHERIT_COPY, ... |
|
mkdir(2) -- make a directory file
|
|
The directory path is created with the access permissions specified by mode and restricted by the umask(2) of the calling process. The directory's owner ID is set to the process's effective user ID.... |
|
mkfifo(2) -- make a fifo file
|
|
mkfifo() creates a new fifo file with name path. The access permissions are specified by mode and restricted by the umask(2) of the calling process. The fifo's owner ID is set to the process's effec... |
|
mknod(2) -- make a special file node
|
|
The device special file path is created with the major and minor device numbers extracted from mode. The access permissions of path are descendant from the umask(2) of the parent process. If mode indi... |
|
mlock(2) -- lock (unlock) physical pages in memory
|
|
The mlock system call locks into memory the physical pages associated with the virtual address range starting at addr for len bytes. The munlock call unlocks pages previously locked by one or more mlo... |
|
mlockall(2) -- lock (unlock) the address space of a process
|
|
The mlockall system call locks into memory the physical pages associated with the address space of a process until the address space is unlocked, the process exits, or execs another program image. The... |
|
mmap(2) -- map files or devices into memory
|
|
The mmap function causes the pages starting at addr and continuing for at most len bytes to be mapped from the object described by fd, starting at byte offset offset. If len is not a multiple of the p... |
|
mount(2) -- mount or dismount a file system
|
|
The mount() function grafts a file system object onto the system file tree at the point dir. The argument data describes the file system object to be mounted. The argument type tells the kernel how to... |
|
mprotect(2) -- control the protection of pages
|
|
The mprotect() system call changes the specified pages to have protection prot. Not all implementations will guarantee protection on a page basis; the granularity of protection changes may be as large... |
|
msgctl(2) -- message control operations
|
|
The msgctl() system call performs control operations on the message queue specified by msqid. Each message queue has a msqid_ds structure associated with it which contains the following members: struc... |
|
msgget(2) -- get message queue identifier
|
|
The msgget() system call returns the message queue identifier associated with key. A message queue identifier is a unique integer greater than zero. A message queue is created if either key is equal t... |
|
msgrcv(2) -- receive a message from a message queue
|
|
The msgrcv() function receives a message from the message queue specified in msqid, and places it into the user-defined structure pointed to by msgp. This structure must contain a first field of type ... |
|
msgsnd(2) -- send a message to a message queue
|
|
The msgsnd() function sends a message from the message queue specified in msqid. msgp points to a user-defined structure containing the message. This structure must contain a first field of type long ... |
|
msync(2) -- synchronize a mapped region
|
|
The msync() system call writes all pages with shared modifications in the specified region of the process's address space back to permanent storage, and, if requested, invalidates cached data mapped ... |
|
munlock(2) -- lock (unlock) physical pages in memory
|
|
The mlock system call locks into memory the physical pages associated with the virtual address range starting at addr for len bytes. The munlock call unlocks pages previously locked by one or more mlo... |
|
munlockall(2) -- lock (unlock) the address space of a process
|
|
The mlockall system call locks into memory the physical pages associated with the address space of a process until the address space is unlocked, the process exits, or execs another program image. The... |
|
munmap(2) -- remove a mapping
|
|
The munmap() system call deletes the mappings for the specified address range, and causes further references to addresses within the range to generate invalid memory references. |
|
nanosleep(2) -- high resolution sleep
|
|
The nanosleep() suspends execution of the calling process until either the number of seconds and nanoseconds specified by rqtp have elapsed or a signal is delivered to the calling process and its acti... |
|
nfssvc(2) -- NFS services
|
|
The nfssvc() function is used by the NFS daemons to pass information into and out of the kernel and also to enter the kernel as a server daemon. The flags argument consists of several bits that show w... |
|
ntp_adjtime(2) -- Network Time Protocol (NTP) daemon interface system calls
|
|
The two system calls ntp_adjtime() and ntp_gettime() are the kernel interface to the Network Time Protocol (NTP) daemon ntpd(8). The ntp_adjtime() function is used by the NTP daemon to adjust the syst... |
|
ntp_gettime(2) -- Network Time Protocol (NTP) daemon interface system calls
|
|
The two system calls ntp_adjtime() and ntp_gettime() are the kernel interface to the Network Time Protocol (NTP) daemon ntpd(8). The ntp_adjtime() function is used by the NTP daemon to adjust the syst... |
|
open(2) -- open or create a file for reading or writing
|
|
The file name specified by path is opened for reading and/or writing as specified by the argument flags and the file descriptor returned to the calling process. The flags are specified by or'ing the ... |
|
pathconf(2) -- get configurable pathname variables
|
|
The pathconf() and fpathconf() functions provides a method for applications to determine the current value of a configurable system limit or option variable associated with a pathname or file descript... |
|
pipe(2) -- create descriptor pair for interprocess communication
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The pipe() function creates a pipe, which is an object allowing unidirectional data flow, and allocates a pair of file descriptors. The first descriptor connects to the read end of the pipe, and the s... |
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poll(2) -- synchronous I/O multiplexing
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poll() examines a set of file descriptors to see if some of them are ready for I/O. The fds argument is a pointer to an array of pollfd structures as defined in (shown below). The nfds argume... |
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pread(2) -- read input
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read() attempts to read nbytes of data from the object referenced by the descriptor d into the buffer pointed to by buf. readv() performs the same action, but scatters the input data into the iovcnt b... |
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preadv(2) -- read input
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read() attempts to read nbytes of data from the object referenced by the descriptor d into the buffer pointed to by buf. readv() performs the same action, but scatters the input data into the iovcnt b... |
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profil(2) -- control process profiling
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The profil() function enables or disables program counter profiling of the current process. If profiling is enabled, then at every clock tick, the kernel updates an appropriate count in the samples bu... |
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ptrace(2) -- process tracing and debugging
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ptrace() provides tracing and debugging facilities. It allows one process (the tracing process) to control another (the traced process). Most of the time, the traced process runs normally, but when it... |
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pwrite(2) -- write output
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write() attempts to write nbytes of data to the object referenced by the descriptor d from the buffer pointed to by buf. writev() performs the same action, but gathers the output data from the iovcnt ... |
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pwritev(2) -- write output
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write() attempts to write nbytes of data to the object referenced by the descriptor d from the buffer pointed to by buf. writev() performs the same action, but gathers the output data from the iovcnt ... |
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quotactl(2) -- manipulate filesystem quotas
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The quotactl() call enables, disables and manipulates filesystem quotas. A quota control command given by cmd operates on the given filename path for the given user id. The address of an optional comm... |
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read(2) -- read input
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read() attempts to read nbytes of data from the object referenced by the descriptor d into the buffer pointed to by buf. readv() performs the same action, but scatters the input data into the iovcnt b... |
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readlink(2) -- read value of a symbolic link
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readlink() places the contents of the symbolic link path in the buffer buf, which has size bufsiz. readlink() does not append a NUL character to buf. |
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readv(2) -- read input
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read() attempts to read nbytes of data from the object referenced by the descriptor d into the buffer pointed to by buf. readv() performs the same action, but scatters the input data into the iovcnt b... |
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reboot(2) -- reboot system or halt processor
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reboot() reboots the system. Only the super-user may reboot a machine on demand. However, a reboot is invoked automatically in the event of unrecoverable system failures. howto is a mask of options; t... |
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recv(2) -- receive a message from a socket
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recvfrom() and recvmsg() are used to receive messages from a socket, and may be used to receive data on a socket whether or not it is connectionoriented. If from is non-nil, and the socket is not conn... |
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recvfrom(2) -- receive a message from a socket
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recvfrom() and recvmsg() are used to receive messages from a socket, and may be used to receive data on a socket whether or not it is connectionoriented. If from is non-nil, and the socket is not conn... |
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recvmsg(2) -- receive a message from a socket
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recvfrom() and recvmsg() are used to receive messages from a socket, and may be used to receive data on a socket whether or not it is connectionoriented. If from is non-nil, and the socket is not conn... |
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rename(2) -- change the name of a file
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rename() causes the link named from to be renamed as to. If to exists, it is first removed. Both from and to must be of the same type (that is, both directories or both non-directories), and must resi... |
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revoke(2) -- revoke file access
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The revoke function invalidates all current open file descriptors in the system for the file named by path. Subsequent operations on any such descriptors fail, with the exceptions that a read() from a... |
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rmdir(2) -- remove a directory file
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rmdir() removes a directory file whose name is given by path. The directory must not have any entries other than `.' and `..'. |
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sbrk(2) -- change data segment size
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The brk and sbrk functions are legacy interfaces from before the advent of modern virtual memory management. The brk() and sbrk() functions are used to change the amount of memory allocated in a proce... |
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seek(2) -- reposition read/write file offset
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The lseek() function repositions the offset of the file descriptor fildes to the argument offset according to the directive whence. The argument fildes must be an open file descriptor. lseek() reposit... |
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select(2) -- synchronous I/O multiplexing
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select() examines the I/O descriptor sets whose addresses are passed in readfds, writefds, and exceptfds to see if some of their descriptors are ready for reading, are ready for writing, or have an ex... |
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semctl(2) -- semaphore control operations
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The semctl() system call provides a number of control operations on the semaphore specified by semnum and semid. The operation to be performed is specified in cmd (see below). The fourth argument is o... |
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semget(2) -- get set of semaphores
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The semget() system call returns the semaphore identifier associated with key. A new set containing nsems semaphores is created if either key is equal to IPC_PRIVATE, or key does not have a semaphore ... |
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semop(2) -- semaphore operations
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semop() provides a number of atomic operations on a set of semaphores. The semaphore set is specified by semid, sops is an array of semaphore operations, and nsops is the number of operations in this ... |
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send(2) -- send a message from a socket
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send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() are used to transmit a message to another socket. send() may be used only when the socket is in a connected state, while sendto() and sendmsg() may be used at any time.... |
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sendmsg(2) -- send a message from a socket
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send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() are used to transmit a message to another socket. send() may be used only when the socket is in a connected state, while sendto() and sendmsg() may be used at any time.... |
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sendto(2) -- send a message from a socket
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send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() are used to transmit a message to another socket. send() may be used only when the socket is in a connected state, while sendto() and sendmsg() may be used at any time.... |
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setegid(2) -- set user and group ID
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The setuid() function sets the real and effective user IDs and the saved set-user-ID of the current process to the specified value. The setuid() function is permitted if the specified ID is equal to t... |
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seteuid(2) -- set user and group ID
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The setuid() function sets the real and effective user IDs and the saved set-user-ID of the current process to the specified value. The setuid() function is permitted if the specified ID is equal to t... |
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setgid(2) -- set user and group ID
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The setuid() function sets the real and effective user IDs and the saved set-user-ID of the current process to the specified value. The setuid() function is permitted if the specified ID is equal to t... |
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setgroups(2) -- set group access list
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setgroups() sets the group access list of the current user process according to the array gidset. The parameter ngroups indicates the number of entries in the array and must be no more than {NGROUPS_M... |
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setitimer(2) -- get/set value of interval timer
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The system provides each process with three interval timers, defined in . The getitimer() call returns the current value for the timer specified in which in the structure at value. The set... |
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setlogin(2) -- get/set login name
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The getlogin() routine returns the login name of the user associated with the current session, as previously set by setlogin(). The name is normally associated with a login shell at the time a session... |
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setpgid(2) -- set process group
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setpgid() sets the process group of the specified process pid to the specified pgrp. If pid is zero, then the call applies to the current process. If the invoker is not the super-user, then the affect... |
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setpgrp(2) -- set process group
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setpgid() sets the process group of the specified process pid to the specified pgrp. If pid is zero, then the call applies to the current process. If the invoker is not the super-user, then the affect... |
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setpriority(2) -- get/set program scheduling priority
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The scheduling priority of the process, process group, or user, as indicated by which and who is obtained with the getpriority() call and set with the setpriority() call. which is one of PRIO_PROCESS,... |
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setregid(2) -- set real and effective group ID's
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This interface is made obsolete by the saved ID functionality in setgid(2) and setegid(2). The real and effective group ID's of the current process are set according to the arguments. If the real gro... |
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setreuid(2) -- set real and effective user ID's
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This interface is made obsolete by the saved ID functionality in setuid(2) and seteuid(2). The real and effective user ID's of the current process are set according to the arguments. If the real user... |
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setrlimit(2) -- control maximum system resource consumption
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Limits on the consumption of system resources by the current process and each process it creates may be obtained with the getrlimit() call, and set with the setrlimit() call. Resources of an arbitrary... |
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setsid(2) -- create session and set process group ID
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The setsid function creates a new session. The calling process is the session leader of the new session, is the process group leader of a new process group and has no controlling terminal. The calling... |
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setsockopt(2) -- get and set options on sockets
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getsockopt() and setsockopt() manipulate the options associated with a socket. Options may exist at multiple protocol levels; they are always present at the uppermost ``socket'' level. When manipula... |
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settimeofday(2) -- get/set date and time
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Note: time zone information is no longer provided by this interface. See localtime(3) for information on how to retrieve it. The system's notion of the current UTC time is obtained with the gettimeof... |
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setuid(2) -- set user and group ID
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The setuid() function sets the real and effective user IDs and the saved set-user-ID of the current process to the specified value. The setuid() function is permitted if the specified ID is equal to t... |
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shmat(2) -- map/unmap shared memory
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shmat() maps the shared memory segment associated with the shared memory identifier shmid into the address space of the calling process. The address at which the segment is mapped is determined by the... |
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shmctl(2) -- shared memory control operations
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The shmctl() system call performs control operations on the shared memory segment specified by shmid. Each shared memory segment has a shmid_ds structure associated with it which contains the followin... |
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shmdt(2) -- map/unmap shared memory
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shmat() maps the shared memory segment associated with the shared memory identifier shmid into the address space of the calling process. The address at which the segment is mapped is determined by the... |
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shmget(2) -- get shared memory segment
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shmget() returns the shared memory identifier associated with the key key. The shmflg should be a combination of the following flags: IPC_CREAT create if segment does not exist IPC_EXCL fail if segmen... |
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shutdown(2) -- shut down part of a full-duplex connection
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The shutdown() call causes all or part of a full-duplex connection on the socket associated with s to be shut down. The how argument specifies which part of the connection will be shut down. Permissib... |
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sigaction(2) -- software signal facilities
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The system defines a set of signals that may be delivered to a process. Signal delivery resembles the occurrence of a hardware interrupt: the signal is blocked from further occurrence, the current pro... |
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sigaltstack(2) -- set and/or get signal stack context
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sigaltstack() allows users to define an alternative stack on which signals are to be processed. If ss is non-zero, it specifies a pointer to and the size of a signal stack on which to deliver signals,... |
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sigpending(2) -- get pending signals
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The sigpending function returns a mask of the signals pending for delivery to the calling process in the location indicated by set. Signals may be pending because they are currently masked, or they ar... |
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sigprocmask(2) -- manipulate current signal mask
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The sigprocmask() function examines and/or changes the current signal mask (those signals that are blocked from delivery). Signals are blocked if they are members of the current signal mask set. If se... |
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sigreturn(2) -- return from signal
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sigreturn() allows users to atomically unmask, switch stacks, and return from a signal context. The processes signal mask and stack status are restored from the context. The system call does not retur... |
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sigstack(2) -- set and/or get signal stack context
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The sigstack() function has been deprecated in favor of the interface described in sigaltstack(2). |
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sigsuspend(2) -- atomically release blocked signals and wait for interrupt
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sigsuspend() temporarily changes the blocked signal mask to the set to which sigmask points, and then waits for a signal to arrive; on return the previous set of masked signals is restored. The signal... |
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socket(2) -- create an endpoint for communication
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socket() creates an endpoint for communication and returns a descriptor. The domain parameter specifies a communications domain within which communication will take place; this selects the protocol fa... |
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socketpair(2) -- create a pair of connected sockets
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The socketpair() call creates an unnamed pair of connected sockets in the specified domain d, of the specified type, and using the optionally specified protocol. The descriptors used in referencing th... |
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stat(2) -- get file status
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The stat() function obtains information about the file pointed to by path. Read, write or execute permission of the named file is not required, but all directories listed in the path name leading to t... |
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statfs(2) -- get file system statistics
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statfs() returns information about a mounted file system. path is the path name of any file within the mounted file system. buf is a pointer to a statfs structure defined as follows: typedef struct { ... |
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swapctl(2) -- modify swap configuration
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The swapctl function is used to add and delete swap devices, and modify their configuration. The cmd parameter specifies the operation to be performed. The arg and misc parameters have different meani... |
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symlink(2) -- make symbolic link to a file
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A symbolic link name2 is created to name1 (name2 is the name of the file created, name1 is the string used in creating the symbolic link). Either name may be an arbitrary path name; the files need nei... |
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sync(2) -- synchronize disk block in-core status with that on disk
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The sync() function forces a write of dirty (modified) buffers in the block buffer cache out to disk. The kernel keeps this information in core to reduce the number of disk I/O transfers required by t... |
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sysarch(2) -- architecture-dependent system call
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sysarch() performs the architecture-dependent function specified by number with the arguments specified by the args pointer. args is a pointer to a structure defining the actual arguments of the funct... |
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syscall(2) -- indirect system call
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syscall() performs the system call whose assembly language interface has the specified number with the specified arguments. Symbolic constants for system calls can be found in the header file |
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truncate(2) -- truncate a file to a specified length
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truncate() causes the file named by path or referenced by fd to have a size of length bytes. If the file previously was larger than this size, the extra data is discarded. If it was previously shorter... |
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umask(2) -- set file creation mode mask
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The umask() routine sets the process's file mode creation mask to numask and returns the previous value of the mask. The 9 low-order access permission bits of numask are used by system calls, includi... |
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undelete(2) -- attempt to recover a deleted file
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The undelete() function attempts to recover the deleted file named by path. Currently, this works only when the named object is a whiteout in a union filesystem. The system call removes the whiteout c... |
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unlink(2) -- remove directory entry
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The unlink() function removes the link named by path from its directory and decrements the link count of the file which was referenced by the link. If that decrement reduces the link count of the file... |
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unmount(2) -- mount or dismount a file system
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The mount() function grafts a file system object onto the system file tree at the point dir. The argument data describes the file system object to be mounted. The argument type tells the kernel how to... |
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utimes(2) -- set file access and modification times
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The access and modification times of the file named by path or referenced by fd are changed as specified by the argument times. If times is NULL, the access and modification times are set to the curre... |
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utrace(2) -- insert user record to ktrace records
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Adds a record to process trace with information supplied by user. The record is identified by label and contains len bytes from memory pointed to by addr. This call has only effect if the caller proce... |
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vfork(2) -- spawn new process in a virtual memory efficient way
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The vfork system call creates a new process that does not have a new virtual address space, but rather shares address space with the parent, thus avoiding potentially expensive copy-on-write operation... |
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wait(2) -- wait for process termination
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The wait() function suspends execution of its calling process until status information is available for a terminated child process, or a signal is received. On return from a successful wait() call, th... |
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wait3(2) -- wait for process termination
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The wait() function suspends execution of its calling process until status information is available for a terminated child process, or a signal is received. On return from a successful wait() call, th... |
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wait4(2) -- wait for process termination
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The wait() function suspends execution of its calling process until status information is available for a terminated child process, or a signal is received. On return from a successful wait() call, th... |
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waitpid(2) -- wait for process termination
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The wait() function suspends execution of its calling process until status information is available for a terminated child process, or a signal is received. On return from a successful wait() call, th... |
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write(2) -- write output
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write() attempts to write nbytes of data to the object referenced by the descriptor d from the buffer pointed to by buf. writev() performs the same action, but gathers the output data from the iovcnt ... |
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writev(2) -- write output
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write() attempts to write nbytes of data to the object referenced by the descriptor d from the buffer pointed to by buf. writev() performs the same action, but gathers the output data from the iovcnt ... |
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_exit(2) -- terminate the calling process
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The _exit() function terminates a process with the following consequences: +o All of the descriptors open in the calling process are closed. This may entail delays, for example, waiting for output to ... |
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__clone(2) -- spawn new process with options
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The clone system call (and associated library support code) creates a new process in a way that allows the caller to specify several options for the new process creation. Unlike fork(2) or vfork(2), i... |
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__syscall(2) -- indirect system call
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syscall() performs the system call whose assembly language interface has the specified number with the specified arguments. Symbolic constants for system calls can be found in the header file |
