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LOGIN.CONF(5)

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NAME    [Toc]    [Back]

     login.conf - login class capability database

SYNOPSIS    [Toc]    [Back]

     /etc/login.conf

DESCRIPTION    [Toc]    [Back]

     The login.conf file describes the various attributes of  login classes.  A
     login  class  determines  what  styles of authentication are
available as
     well as  session  resource  limits  and  environment  setup.
While designed
     primarily for the login(1) program, it is also used by other
programs,
     e.g., ftpd(8), to determine what means of authentication are
available.
     It  is  also  used by programs, e.g., rshd(8), which need to
set up a user
     environment.

     A special record, ``default'', in  /etc/login.conf  is  used
for any user
     without a valid login class in /etc/master.passwd.

     Sites with very large /etc/login.conf files may wish to create a database
     version of the file, /etc/login.conf.db, for  improved  performance.  Using
     a database version for small files does not result in a performance improvement.
  To build /etc/login.conf.db from /etc/login.conf
the following
 command may be used:

           # cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf

     Note  that  cap_mkdb(1)  must  be  run  after  each  edit of
/etc/login.conf to
     keep the database version in sync with the plain file.

CAPABILITIES    [Toc]    [Back]

     Refer to getcap(3) for a description  of  the  file  layout.
All entries in
     the login.conf file are either boolean or use a `=' to separate the capability
 from the value.  The types are  described  after  the
capability
     table.

     Name              Type       Default      Description
     approve           program                 Default program to
approve login.


     approve-service   program                 Program to approve
login for
                                               service.

     auth               list       passwd       Allowed authentication styles.
                                               The first value is
the default
                                               styles.

     auth-type          list                    Allowed authentication styles
                                               for the  authentication type
                                               type.

     classify           program                  Classify type of
login.

     copyright          file                     File  containing
additional
                                               copyright information.

     coredumpsize      size                     Maximum  coredump
size limit.

     cputime           time                    CPU usage limit.

     datasize           size                    Maximum data size
limit.

     expire-warn       time       2w           If the user's  account will expire
  within  this
length of time
                                               then warn the user
of this.

     filesize           size                    Maximum file size
limit.

     hushlogin         bool       false        Same as having a
                                               $HOME/.hushlogin
file.  See
                                               login(1).

     ignorenologin      bool        false         Not affected by
nologin files.
                                               See login(1).

     localcipher       string     old          The cipher to  use
for local
                                               passwords.  Possible values
                                               are: ``old'',
                                               ``newsalt,<rounds>'',
``md5'',
                                               and        ``blowfish,<rounds>'' where
                                               ``old''      means
classic 56-bit
                                               DES.           For
``newsalt'' the value
                                               of  rounds  is   a
24-bit integer
                                               with  a minimum of
7250 rounds.
                                               For   ``blowfish''
the value can
                                               be  between  4 and
31.  It specifies
  the  base  2
logarithm of
                                               the    number   of
rounds.

     ypcipher          string     old          The cipher to  use
for YP passwords.
  The possible values are
                                               the  same  as  for
localcipher.

     login-backoff          number         3                After
login-backoff unsuccessful
 login attempts
during a
                                               single    session,
login(1) will
                                               start  sleeping  a
bit in between
                                               attempts.

     login-timeout      time       300          Number of seconds
before
                                               login(1) times out
at the password
 prompt.  Note
that this
                                               setting  is   only
valid for the
                                               default record.

     login-tries        number     10           Number of tries a
user gets to
                                               successfully login
before
                                               login(1)    closes
the connection.

     stacksize         size                    Maximum stack size
limit.

     maxproc            number                  Maximum number of
processes.

     memorylocked      size                    Maximum locked  in
core memory
                                               size limit.

     memoryuse          size                     Maximum  in core
memoryuse size
                                               limit.

     minpasswordlen    number     6            The minimum length
a local
                                               password  may  be.
If a negative
                                               value or zero,  no
length restrictions
 are enforced.  Used
                                               by  the  passwd(1)
utility.

     nologin           file                    If the file exists
it will be
                                               displayed and  the
login session
                                               will  be terminated.

     openfiles         number                  Maximum number  of
open file descriptors
 per process.

     password-dead     time       0            Length of  time  a
password may
                                               be expired but not
quite dead
                                               yet.    When   set
(for both the
                                               client  and remote
server machine
  when  doing
remote authentication),
  a user
is allowed to
                                               log  in  just  one
more time after
                                               their     password
(but not account)
   has   expired.  This allows
 a grace period for updating
  their   password.

     password-warn      time        2w            If  the  user's
password will expire
  within  this
length of time
                                               then warn the user
of this.

     passwordcheck     program                 An  external  program that checks
                                               the quality of the
password.
                                               The  password   is
passed to the
                                               program  on stdin.
An exit code
                                               of   0   indicates
that the quality
                                               of the password is
sufficient,
                                               an exit code of  1
signals that
                                               the       password
failed the check.

     passwordtime      time                    The lifetime of  a
password in
                                               seconds, reset every time a user
  changes  their
password.
                                               When this value is
exceeded the
                                               user    will    no
longer be able to
                                               login  unless  the
password-dead
                                               option  has   been
specified.
                                               Used  by the passwd(1) utility.

     passwordtries      number      3             The  number  of
times the
                                               passwd(1)  utility
enforces a
                                               check on the password.  If 0,
                                               the  new  password
will only be
                                               accepted   if   it
passes the password
       quality
check.

     path              path       value of _PATH_DEFPATH
                                               Default     search
path.  See
                                               /usr/include/paths.h.

     priority          number                   Initial  priority
(nice) level.

     requirehome        bool        false        Require home directory to login.


     setenv            envlist                 A list of environment variables
                                               and     associated
values to be set
                                               for the class.

     shell             program                 Session  shell  to
execute rather
                                               than   the   shell
specified in the
                                               password     file.
The SHELL environment
   variable
will contain
                                               the  shell  specified in the
                                               password file.

     term               string      su           Default terminal
type if not
                                               able to  determine
from other
                                               means.

     umask              number      022           Initial  umask.
Should always
                                               have a  leading  0
to ensure octal
    interpretation.  See
                                               umask(2).

     vmemoryuse         size                     Maximum  virtual
memoryuse size
                                               limit.

     welcome            file        /etc/motd     File containing
welcome message.


     The resource limit  entries  (cputime,  filesize,  datasize,
memoryuse,
     memorylocked,  maxproc, and openfiles) actually specify both
the maximum
     and current limits (see getrlimit(2)).  The current limit is
the one normally
  used,  although the user is permitted to increase the
current limit
     to the maximum limit.  The maximum and current limits may be
specified
     individually  by  appending a -max or -cur to the capability
name (e.g.,
     openfiles-max and openfiles-cur).

     OpenBSD 3.6 will never define capabilities which start  with
x- or X-,
     these are reserved for external use (unless included through
contributed
     software).

     The argument types are defined as:

     envlist    A comma-separated list of  environment  variables
of the form
                variable=value.   If  no  value is specified, the
`=' is optional.
  A ~ in the path name is expanded to the  user's home directory
  if  it  is  at the end of a string or is
followed by a
                slash (`/') or the user's login name.  A $ in the
path name is
                expanded to the user's login name.

     file       Path name to a text file.

     list       A comma-separated list of values.

     number     A number.  A leading 0x implies the number is expressed in
                hexadecimal.  A leading 0 implies the  number  is
expressed in
                octal.  Any other number is treated as decimal.

     path       A space-separated list of path names.  Login name
and directory
 are substituted as for envlist.  Additionally,
a ~ is only
                expanded at the beginning of a path name.

     program    A path name to program.

     size       A number which expresses a size in bytes.  It may
have a
                trailing b to multiply the value by 512, a  k  to
multiply the
                value by 1 K (1024), and a m to multiply the value by 1 M
                (1048576).

     time       A time in seconds.  A time may be expressed as  a
series of
                numbers  which  are  added together.  Each number
may have a
                trailing character to represent time units:

                y    Indicates a number of 365 day years.

                w    Indicates a number of 7 day weeks.

                d    Indicates a number of 24 hour days.

                h    Indicates a number of 60 minute hours.

                m    Indicates a number of 60 second minutes.

                s    Indicates a number of seconds.

                For example, to indicate 1  and  1/2  hours,  the
following string
                could be used: 1h30m.

AUTHENTICATION    [Toc]    [Back]

     OpenBSD  3.6  uses BSD Authentication, which is made up of a
variety of authentication
 styles.  The  authentication  styles  currently
provided are:

     activ        Authenticate using an ActivCard token.  See login_activ(8).

     chpass      Change user's password.  See login_chpass(8).

     crypto      Authenticate using a CRYPTOCard token.  See  login_crypto(8).

     krb5        Request a password and use it to request a ticket from the
                 kerberos 5 server.

     krb5-or-pwd
                 Request a password and first try  the  krb5  authentication
                 style  and  if  that fails use the same password
with the passwd
                 authentication style.  See `info heimdal'.

     lchpass     Change user's  local  password.   See  login_chpass(8).

     passwd       Request  a  password  and  check it against the
password in the
                 master.passwd file.

     radius      Normally linked to another authentication  type,
contact the
                 radius  server  to  do  authentication.  See login_radius(8).

     reject      Request a password and reject any request.  See
                 login_reject(8).

     rpasswd     Request a password  and  check  it  against  the
password in the
                 rpasswd.db file.

     skey         Send a challenge and request a response, checking it with
                 S/Key (tm) authentication.  See skey(1).

     snk         Authenticate using a SecureNet Key  token.   See
login_snk(8).

     token        Authenticate  using  a generic X9.9 token.  See
login_token(8).

     Local authentication styles may be added by creating a login
script for
     the  style  (see  below).  To prevent collisions with future
official BSD
     Authentication style names  all  local  style  names  should
start with a dash
     (-).   Current plans are for all official BSD Authentication
style names
     to begin with a lower case alphabetic character.  For  example, if you
     have  a new style you refer to as slick then you should create an authentication
 script named  /usr/libexec/auth/login_-slick  using
the style name
     -slick.   When logging in via the login(1) program, the syntax user:-slick
     would be used.

     Authentication requires several pieces of information:

     class       The login class being used.

     service     The type of service  requesting  authentication.
The service
                 type  is  used to determine what information the
authentication
                 program can provide to the user and what  information the user
                 can provide to the authentication program.

                 The  service  type login is appropriate for most
situations.
                 Two other service types, challenge and response,
are provided
                 for  use  by  programs like ftpd(8) and radiusd.
If no service
                 type is specified, login is used.

     style       The authentication style being used.

     type        The authentication type, used to  determine  the
available authentication
 styles.

     username     The name of the user to authenticate.  The name
may contain
                 an instance, e.g.   ``user.root'',  as  used  by
Kerberos authentication.
   If  the  authentication  style being
used does not
                 support such instances, the request will fail.

     The program requesting authentication must specify  a  username and an authentication
 style.  (For example, login(1) requests a username from the
     user.  Users may enter usernames of the form  ``user:style''
to optionally
     specify  the  authentication style.)  The requesting program
may also specify
 the type of authentication that will be done.  Most programs will only
 have a single type, if any at all, i.e., ftpd(8) will always request
     the ftp type authentication, and su(1) will  always  request
the su type
     authentication.   The login(1) utility is special in that it
may select an
     authentication  type  based  on  information  found  in  the
/etc/ttys file for
     the appropriate tty (see ttys(5)).

     The  class  to  be  used is normally determined by the class
field in the
     password file (see passwd(5)).

     The class is used to look up a corresponding  entry  in  the
login.conf
     file.   If an authentication type is defined and a value for
auth-type exists
 in that entry, it will be used as a list  of  potential
authentication
     styles.   If  an  authentication  type  is  not  defined, or
auth-type is not
     specified for the class, the value of auth is  used  as  the
list of available
 authentication styles.

     If  the  user  did  not  specify an authentication style the
first style in
     the list of available styles is used.  If the user did specify an authentication
  style  and  the  style is in the list of available
styles it will
     be used, otherwise the request is rejected.

     For      any      given       style,       the       program
/usr/libexec/auth/login_style is used to
     perform  the  authentication.   The synopsis of this program
is:

     /usr/libexec/auth/login_style [-v name=value]  [-s  service]
username class

     The  -v  option  is used to specify arbitrary information to
the authentication
 programs.  Any number of -v options may be  used.   The
login(1) program
 provides the following through the -v option:

     auth_type       The type of authentication to use.

     fqdn            The hostname provided to login by the -h option.

     hostname        The name login(1) will  place  in  the  utmp
file for the remote
 hostname.

     local_addr       The  local  IP address given to login(1) by
the -L option.

     lastchance      Set to ``yes'' when a  user's  password  has
expired but the
                     user is being given one last chance to login
and update
                     the password.

     login           This is a new login session (as opposed to a
simple identity
 check).

     remote_addr      The  remote IP address given to login(1) by
the -R option.

     style           The style of authentication  used  for  this
user (see approval
 scripts below).

     The  su(1) program provides the following through the -v option:

     invokinguser    Set to the name of the user being  authenticated; used for
                     Kerberos authentication.

     wheel            Set to either ``yes'' or ``no'' to indicate
if the user
                     is in group wheel when they  are  trying  to
become root.
                     Some  authentication  types require the user
to be in group
                     wheel when using the su(1) program to become
super user.

     When the authentication program is executed, the environment
will only
     contain the  values  PATH=/bin:/usr/bin  and  SHELL=/bin/sh.
File descriptor
     3  will be open for reading and writing.  The authentication
program
     should write one or more of the following  strings  to  this
file descriptor:


     authorize  The user has been authorized.

     authorize secure
                The  user  has been authorized and root should be
allowed to login
 even if this is not a secure terminal.   This
should only
                be  sent by authentication styles that are secure
over insecure
                lines.

     reject     Authorization is rejected.   This  overrides  any
indication that
                the  user  was authorized (though one would question the wisdom
                in sending both a reject and  an  authorize  command).

     reject challenge
                Authorization  was  rejected  and a challenge has
been made
                available via the value challenge.

     reject silent
                Authorization is rejected, but no error  messages
should be
                generated.

     remove file
                If the login session fails for any reason, remove
file before
                termination (a kerberos ticket  file,  for  example).

     setenv name value
                If  the  login  session succeeds, the environment
variable name
                should be set to the specified value.

     unsetenv name
                If the login session  succeeds,  the  environment
variable name
                should be removed.

     value name value
                Set  the  internal variable name to the specified
value.  The
                value should only contain  printable  characters.
Several  sequences
  may  be  used  to introduce non printing
characters.
                These are:

                     A newline.
                      A carriage return.


                      A tab.

                xxx    The character  represented  by  the  octal
value xxx.  The
                        value  may  be  one,  two, or three octal
digits.

                c      The string is replaced by the value of  c.
This allows
                        quoting  an initial space or the  character itself.

                The following values are currently defined:

                challenge
                        See section on challenges below.

                errormsg
                        If set, the value is the reason authentication failed.
                        The calling program may choose to display
this when
                        rejecting the user, but  display  is  not
required.

     In  order for authentication to be successful, the authentication program
     must exit with a value of 0 as well as provide an  authorize
or authorize
     root statement on file descriptor 3.

     An  authentication program must not assume it will be called
as root, nor
     must it assume it will not be called as root.  If  it  needs
special permissions
  to  access  files it should be setuid or setgid to
the appropriate
     user/group.  See chmod(1).

CHALLENGES    [Toc]    [Back]

     When an authentication program is called with a  service  of
challenge it
     should do one of three things:

     If  this style of authentication supports challenge response
it should set
     the internal variable challenge to be the appropriate  challenge for the
     user.   This is done by the value command listed above.  The
program
     should also issue a reject challenge and then exit with a  0
status.  See
     the section on responses below.

     If  this  style of authentication does not support challenge
response, but
     does support  the  response  service  (described  below)  it
should issue
     reject silent and then exit with a 0 status.

     If  this  style  of  authentication does not support the response service it
     should simply fail, complaining  about  an  unknown  service
type.  It should
     exit with a non-zero status.

RESPONSES    [Toc]    [Back]

     When  an  authentication program is called with a service of
response, and
     this style supports this mode of authentication,  it  should
read two null
     terminated strings from file descriptor 3.  The first string
is a challenge
 that was issued to the user (obtained from  the  challenge service
     above).   The  second  string  is the response the user gave
(i.e., the password).
  If the response is correct for the  specified  challenge, the authentication
 should be accepted, else it should be rejected.
It is possible
 for the challenge to be any empty  string,  which  implies the calling
     program  did first obtain a challenge prior to getting a response from the
     user.  Not all authentication  styles  support  empty  challenges.

APPROVAL    [Toc]    [Back]

     An approval program has the synopsis of:

           approve [-v name=value] username class service

     Just  as  with  an authentication program, file descriptor 3
will be open
     for writing when the approval program is executed.   The  -v
option is the
     same  as in the authentication program.  Unlike an authentication program,
     the approval program need not explicitly send  an  authorize
or authorize
     root  statement, it only need exit with a value of 0 or nonzero.  An exit
     value of 0 is equivalent to an authorize statement, and nonzero to a
     reject  statement.   This  allows  for simple programs which
have no information
 to provide other than approval or denial.

CLASSIFICATION    [Toc]    [Back]

     A classify program has the synopsis of:

           classify [-v name=value] [-f] [user]

     See login(1) for a description of the -f,  option.   The  -v
option is the
     same  as  for  the authentication programs.  The user is the
username passed
     to login(1) login, if any.

     The typical job of the classify program is to determine what
authentication
  type  should actually be used, presumably based on the
remote IP address.
  It might also re-specify the hostname to be included
in the
     utmp(5)  file,  reject  the  login attempt outright, or even
print an additional
 login banner (e.g., /etc/issue).

     The classify entry is only valid for the default class as it
is used prior
 to knowing who the user is.  The classify script may pass
environment
     variables or other commands back to  login(1)  on  file  descriptor 3, just
     as  an  authentication  program  does.   The  two  variables
AUTH_TYPE and
     REMOTE_NAME are used to specify a  new  authentication  type
(the type must
     have  the  form auth-type) and override the -h option to login, respectively.

SEE ALSO    [Toc]    [Back]

      
      
     cap_mkdb(1), login(1),  authenticate(3),  bsd_auth(3),  getcap(3),
     login_cap(3), passwd(5), ttys(5), ftpd(8)

OpenBSD      3.6                           June      18,     2001
[ Back ]
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