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ftp(1C)								       ftp(1C)


NAME    [Toc]    [Back]

     ftp - Internet file transfer program

SYNOPSIS    [Toc]    [Back]

     ftp [ -v ]	[ -d ] [ -i ] [	-n ] [ -g ] [ -t ] [ host ]

DESCRIPTION    [Toc]    [Back]

     ftp is the	user interface to the Internet standard	File Transfer Protocol
     (FTP).  The program allows	a user to transfer files to and	from a remote
     network site.

     The client	host with which	ftp is to communicate can be specified on the
     command line.  If this is done, ftp immediately attempts to establish a
     connection	to an FTP server on that host; otherwise, ftp enters its
     command interpreter and awaits instructions from the user.	 When ftp is
     awaiting commands from the	user, the prompt ftp> is provided to the user.
     The following commands are	recognized by ftp:

     ! [ command [ args	] ]
	     Invoke an interactive shell on the	local machine.	If there are
	     arguments,	the first is taken to be a command to execute
	     directly, with the	rest of	the arguments as its arguments.

     $ macro-name [ args ]
	     Execute the macro macro-name that was defined with	the macdef
	     command.  Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed.

     account [ passwd ]
	     Supply a supplemental password required by	a remote system	for
	     access to resources once a	login has been successfully completed.
	     If	no argument is included, the user is prompted for an account
	     password in a non-echoing input mode.

     append local-file [ remote-file ]
	     Append a local file to a file on the remote machine.  If remote-
	     file is left unspecified, the local filename is used in naming
	     the remote	file after being altered by any	ntrans or nmap
	     setting.  File transfer uses the current settings for type,
	     format, mode, and structure.

     ascii   Set the file transfer type	to network ASCII.  This	is the default
	     type if ftp cannot	determine the type of operating	system running
	     on	the remote machine or the remote operating system is not UNIX.

     bell    Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer command
	     is	completed.

     binary  Set the file transfer type	to support binary image	transfer.
	     This is the default type if ftp can determine that	the remote
	     machine is	running	UNIX.





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     bye     Terminate the FTP session with the	remote server and exit ftp.
	     An	end of file also terminates the	session	and exits.

     case    Toggle remote computer filename case mapping during mget
	     commands.	When case is on	(default is off), remote computer
	     filenames with all	letters	in upper case are written in the local
	     directory with the	letters	mapped to lower	case.

     cd	remote-directory
	     Change the	working	directory on the remote	machine	to remote-
	     directory.

     cdup    Change the	remote machine working directory to the	parent of the
	     current remote machine working directory.

     chmod mode	file-name
	     Change the	permission modes for the file file-name	on the remote
	     system to mode.

     close   Terminate the FTP session with the	remote server, and return to
	     the command interpreter.  Any defined macros are erased.

     cr	     Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type	file
	     retrieval.	 Records are denoted by	a carriage return/linefeed
	     sequence during ascii type	file transfer.	When cr	is on (the
	     default), carriage	returns	are stripped from this sequence	to
	     conform with the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter.  Records
	     on	non-UNIX remote	systems	can contain single linefeeds; when an
	     ascii type	transfer is made, these	linefeeds can be distinguished
	     from a record delimiter only when cr is off.

     delete remote-file
	     Delete the	file remote-file on the	remote machine.

     debug [ debug-value ]
	     Toggle debugging mode.  If	an optional debug-value	is specified,
	     it	is used	to set the debugging level.  When debugging is on, ftp
	     prints each command sent to the remote machine, preceded by the
	     string -->.

     dir [ remote-directory ] [	local-file ]
	     Print a listing of	the directory contents in the directory,
	     remote-directory, and, optionally,	placing	the output in local-
	     file.  If interactive prompting is	on, ftp	prompts	the user to
	     verify that the last argument is indeed the target	local file for
	     receiving dir output.  If no directory is specified, the current
	     working directory on the remote machine is	used.  If no local
	     file is specified,	or local-file is -, output comes to the
	     terminal.






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     direct [ local|remote ] [ size ]
	     Set direct	I/O (see fcntl(2)).  If	size is	not specified, 2
	     megabytes (2^21 bytes) will be used.  If neither remote or	local
	     is	specified, the I/O size	will be	set on both the	client and the
	     server; otherwise only the	specified end is adjusted.  Setting
	     the remote	direct I/O size	only works with	IRIX FTP servers.
	     size must be at least 512K, and a multiple	of 4K.

     disconnect
	     A synonym for close.

     form format
	     Set the file transfer form	to format.  The	default	format is
	     file.

     get remote-file [ local-file ]
	     Retrieve the remote-file and store	it on the local	machine.  If
	     the local filename	is not specified, it is	given the same name it
	     has on the	remote machine,	subject	to alteration by the current
	     case, ntrans, and nmap settings.  The current settings for	type,
	     form, mode, and structure are used	while transferring the file.

     glob    Toggle filename expansion for mdelete, mget and mput.  If
	     globbing is turned	off with glob, the filename arguments are
	     taken literally and not expanded.	Globbing for mput is done as
	     in	csh(1).	 For mdelete and mget, each remote filename is
	     expanded separately on the	remote machine and the lists are not
	     merged.  Expansion	of a directory name is likely to be different
	     from expansion of the name	of an ordinary file:  the exact	result
	     depends on	the foreign operating system and FTP server, and can
	     be	previewed by doing:

		  mls remote-files <b>-

	     Note:  mget and mput are not meant	to transfer entire directory
	     subtrees of files.	 That can be done by transferring a tar(1)
	     archive of	the subtree (in	binary mode).

     hash    Toggle hash-sign (#) printing for each data block transferred.
	     The size of a data	block is 1024 bytes.

     help [ command ]
	     Print an informative message about	the meaning of command.	 If no
	     argument is given,	ftp prints a list of the known commands.

     idle [ seconds ]
	     Set the inactivity	timer on the remote server to seconds seconds.
	     If	seconds	is omitted, the	current	inactivity timer is printed.

     image   See binary.





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     lcd [ directory ]
	     Change the	working	directory on the local machine.	 If no
	     directory is specified, the user's	home directory is used.

     ls	[ remote-directory ] [ local-file ]
	     Print a listing of	the contents of	a directory on the remote
	     machine.  The listing includes any	system-dependent information
	     that the server chooses to	include; for example, most UNIX
	     systems produce output from the command ls	-lA.  (See also
	     nlist.)  If remote-directory is left unspecified, the current
	     working directory is used.	 If interactive	prompting is on, ftp
	     prompts the user to verify	that the last argument is indeed the
	     target local file for receiving ls	output.	 If no local file is
	     specified,	or if local-file is -, the output is sent to the
	     terminal.

     macdef macro-name
	     Define a macro.  Subsequent lines are stored as the macro macro-
	     name; a null line (consecutive newline characters in a file or
	     carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro input	mode.
	     There is a	limit of 16 macros and 4096 total characters in	all
	     defined macros.  Macros remain defined until a close command is
	     executed.	The macro processor interprets $ and \ as special
	     characters.  A $ followed by a number (or numbers)	is replaced by
	     the corresponding argument	on the macro invocation	command	line.
	     A $ followed by an	i signals that macro processor that the
	     executing macro is	to be looped.  On the first pass $i is
	     replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation command
	     line, on the second pass it is replaced by	the second argument,
	     and so on.	 A \ followed by any character is replaced by that
	     character.	 Use the \ to prevent special treatment	of the $.

     mdelete [ remote-files ]
	     Delete the	remote-files on	the remote machine.

     mdir remote-files local-file
	     Like dir, except multiple remote files can	be specified.  If
	     interactive prompting is on, ftp prompts the user to verify that
	     the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving
	     mdir output.

     mget remote-files
	     Expand the	remote-files on	the remote machine and do a get	for
	     each filename thus	produced.  See glob for	details	on the
	     filename expansion.  Resulting filenames are then processed
	     according to case,	ntrans,	and nmap settings.  Files are
	     transferred into the local	working	directory, which can be
	     changed with lcd directory; new local directories can be created
	     with ! mkdir directory.






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     mkdir directory-name
	     Make a directory on the remote machine.

     mls remote-files local-file
	     Like nlist, except	multiple remote	files can be specified,	and
	     the local-file must be specified.	If interactive prompting is
	     on, ftp prompts the user to verify	that the last argument is
	     indeed the	target local file for receiving	mls output.

     mode [ mode-name ]
	     Set the file transfer mode	to mode-name.  The default mode	is
	     stream mode.

     modtime file-name
	     Show the last modification	time of	the file on the	remote
	     machine.

     mput local-files
	     Expand wild cards in the list of local files given	as arguments
	     and do a put for each file	in the resulting list.	See glob for
	     details of	filename expansion.  Resulting filenames are then be
	     processed according to ntrans and nmap settings.

     newer file-name
	     Get the file only if the modification time	of the remote file is
	     more recent that the file on the current system.  If the file
	     does not exist on the current system, the remote file is
	     considered	newer.	Otherwise, this	command	is identical to	get.

     nlist [ remote-directory ]	[ local-file ]
	     Print a  list of the files	of a directory on the remote machine.
	     If	remote-directory is left unspecified, the current working
	     directory is used.	 If interactive	prompting is on, ftp prompts
	     the user to verify	that the last argument is indeed the target
	     local file	for receiving nlist output.  If	no local file is
	     specified,	or if local-file is -, the output is sent to the
	     terminal.

     nmap [ inpattern outpattern ]
	     Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism.  If no arguments are
	     specified,	the filename mapping mechanism is unset.  If arguments
	     are specified, remote filenames are mapped	during mput commands
	     and put commands issued without a specified remote	target
	     filename.	If arguments are specified, local filenames are	mapped
	     during mget commands and get commands issued without a specified
	     local target filename.  This command is useful when connecting to
	     a non-UNIX	remote computer	with different file naming conventions
	     or	practices.  The	mapping	follows	the pattern set	by inpattern
	     and outpattern.  inpattern	is a template for incoming filenames
	     (which may	have already been processed according to the ntrans
	     and case settings).  Variable templating is accomplished by
	     including the sequences $1, $2, ..., $9 in	inpattern.  Use	\ to



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	     prevent this special treatment of the $ character.	 All other
	     characters	are treated literally, and are used to determine the
	     nmap inpattern variable values.  For example, given inpattern
	     $1.$2 and the remote filename mydata.data,	$1 would have the
	     value mydata, and $2 would	have the value data.  The outpattern
	     determines	the resulting mapped filename.	The sequences $1, $2,
	     ...., $9 are replaced by any value	resulting from the inpattern
	     template.	The sequence $0	is replace by the original filename.
	     Additionally, the sequence	[seq1,seq2] is replaced	by seq1	if
	     seq1 is not a null	string;	otherwise it is	replaced by seq2.  For
	     example, the command nmap $1.$2.$3	[$1,$2].[$2,file] would	yield
	     the output	filename myfile.data for input filenames myfile.data
	     and myfile.data.old, myfile.file for the input filename myfile,
	     and myfile.myfile for the input filename .myfile.	Spaces can be
	     included in outpattern, as	in this	example:

		  nmap $1 |sed "s/  *$//" > $1

	     Use the \ character to prevent special treatment of the $,	[, ],
	     and , characters.

     ntrans [ inchars [	outchars ] ]
	     Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism.	 If no
	     arguments are specified, the filename character translation
	     mechanism is unset.  If arguments are specified, characters in
	     remote filenames are translated during mput commands and put
	     commands issued without a specified remote	target filename.  If
	     arguments are specified, characters in local filenames are
	     translated	during mget commands and get commands issued without a
	     specified local target filename.  This command is useful when
	     connecting	to a non-UNIX remote computer with different file
	     naming conventions	or practices.  Characters in a filename
	     matching a	character in inchars are replaced with the
	     corresponding character in	outchars.  If the character's position
	     in	inchars	is longer than the length of outchars, the character
	     is	deleted	from the filename.

     open host [ port ]
	     Establish a connection to the specified host FTP server.  An
	     optional port number can be supplied, in which case, ftp attempts
	     to	contact	an FTP server at that port.  If	the auto-login option
	     is	on (default), ftp also attempts	to automatically log the user
	     in	to the FTP server (see below).

     prompt  Toggle interactive	prompting.  Interactive	prompting occurs
	     during multiple file transfers to allow the user to selectively
	     retrieve or store files.  If prompting is turned off (default is
	     on), any mget or mput transfers all files,	and any	mdelete
	     deletes all files.






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     proxy ftp-command
	     Execute an	ftp command on a secondary control connection.	This
	     command allows simultaneous connection to two remote FTP servers
	     for transferring files between the	two servers.  The first	proxy
	     command should be an open,	to establish the secondary control
	     connection.  Enter	the command proxy ? to see other ftp commands
	     executable	on the secondary connection.  The following commands
	     behave differently	when prefaced by proxy:

	     open	    Does not define new	macros during the auto-login
			    process.

	     close	    Does not erase existing macro definitions.

	     get and mget   Transfer files from	the host on the	primary
			    control connection to the host on the secondary
			    control connection.

	     put, mput,	and append
			    Transfer files from	the host on the	secondary
			    control connection to the host on the primary
			    control connection.

	     Third party file transfers	depend upon support of the FTP
	     protocol PASV command by the server on the	secondary control
	     connection.

     put local-file [ remote-file ]
	     Store a local file	on the remote machine.	If remote-file is left
	     unspecified, the local filename is	used after processing
	     according to any ntrans or	nmap settings in naming	the remote
	     file.  File transfer uses the current settings for	type, format,
	     mode, and structure.

     pwd     Print the name of the current working directory on	the remote
	     machine.

     quit    A synonym for bye.

     quote arg1	arg2 ...
	     The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the	remote FTP
	     server.

     recv remote-file [	local-file ]
	     A synonym for get.

     reget remote-file [ local-file ]
	     Reget acts	like get, except that if local-file exists and is
	     smaller than remote-file, local-file is presumed to be a
	     partially transferred copy	of remote-file and the transfer	is
	     continued from the	apparent point of failure.  This command is
	     useful when transferring very large files over networks that are



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	     prone to dropping connections.

     rhelp [ command-name ]
	     Request help from the remote FTP server.  If a command-name is
	     specified it is supplied to the server as well.

     rstatus [ file-name ]
	     With no arguments,	show status of remote machine.	If file-name
	     is	specified, show	status of file-name on remote machine.

     rename [ from ] [ to ]
	     Rename the	file from on the remote	machine, to the	file to.

     reset   Clear reply queue.	 This command re-synchronizes command/reply
	     sequencing	with the remote	FTP server.  Resynchronization may be
	     necessary following a violation of	the FTP	protocol by the	remote
	     server.

     restart marker
	     Restart the immediately following get or put at the indicated
	     marker.  On UNIX systems, marker is usually a byte	offset into
	     the file.

     rmdir directory-name
	     Delete a directory	on the remote machine.

     runique Toggle storing of files on	the local system with unique
	     filenames.	 If a file already exists with a name equal to the
	     target local filename for a get or	mget command, a	.1 is appended
	     to	the name.  If the resulting name matches another existing
	     file, a .2	is appended to the original name.  If this process
	     continues up to .99, an error message is printed, and the
	     transfer does not take place.  The	generated unique filename is
	     reported.	Note that runique does not affect local	files
	     generated from a shell command (see below).  The default value is
	     off.

     send local-file [ remote-file ]
	     A synonym for put.

     sendport
	     Toggle the	use of PORT commands.  By default, ftp attempts	to use
	     a PORT command when establishing a	connection for each data
	     transfer.	The use	of PORT	commands can prevent delays when
	     performing	multiple file transfers.  If the PORT command fails,
	     ftp uses the default data port.  When the use of PORT commands is
	     disabled, no attempt is made to use PORT commands for each	data
	     transfer.	This is	useful for certain FTP implementations that do
	     ignore PORT commands but, incorrectly, indicate they've been
	     accepted.





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     site arg1 arg2 ...
	     The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the	remote FTP
	     server as a SITE command.

     size file-name
	     Return size of file-name on remote	machine.

     status  Show the current status of	ftp.

     struct [ struct-name ]
	     Set the file transfer structure to	struct-name.  By default
	     stream structure is used.

     sunique Toggle storing of files on	remote machine under unique filenames.
	     Remote FTP	server must support FTP	protocol STOU command for
	     successful	completion.  The remote	server reports a unique	name.
	     Default value is off.

     system  Show the type of operating	system running on the remote machine.

     tenex   Set the file transfer type	to that	needed to talk to TENEX
	     machines.

     trace   Toggle packet tracing.

     type [ type-name ]
	     Set the file transfer type	to type-name.  If no type is
	     specified,	the current type is printed.  The default type is
	     network ASCII.

     umask [ newmask ]
	     Set the default umask on the remote server	to newmask.  If
	     newmask is	omitted, the current umask is printed.

     user user-name [ password ] [ account ]
	     Identify yourself to the remote FTP server.  If the password is
	     not specified and the server requires it, ftp prompts the user
	     for it (after disabling local echo).  If an account field is not
	     specified,	and the	FTP server requires it,	the user is prompted
	     for it.  If an account field is specified,	an account command is
	     relayed to	the remote server after	the login sequence is
	     completed if the remote server did	not require it for logging in.
	     Unless ftp	is invoked with	auto-login disabled, this process is
	     done automatically	on initial connection to the FTP server.

     verbose Toggle verbose mode.  In verbose mode, all	responses from the FTP
	     server are	displayed to the user.	In addition, if	verbose	is on,
	     when a file transfer completes, statistics	regarding the
	     efficiency	of the transfer	are reported.  By default, verbose is
	     on.





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     win [ size	]
	     Sets the TCP window size to size.	If size	is not specified, 2
	     megabytes (2^21 bytes) is used.  Setting the window size on the
	     remote system only	works with IRIX	FTP servers.  size must	be a
	     decimal integer between 1024 and 1G (1073741824).	If the last
	     character of size is 'k' or 'm', size is multiplied by 1024 or
	     (1024*1024) respectively.

     ? [ command ]
	     A synonym for help.

     Command arguments that have embedded spaces can be	quoted with quote (")
     marks.

ABORTING A FILE	TRANSFER
     To	abort a	file transfer, use the terminal	interrupt key (usually <Ctrlc>).
  Sending transfers are immediately halted.  Receiving	transfers are
     halted by sending a FTP protocol ABOR command to the remote server	and
     discarding	any further data received.  The	speed at which this is
     accomplished depends upon the remote server's support for ABOR
     processing.  If the remote	server does not	support	the ABOR command, an
     ftp> prompt does not appear until the remote server has completed sending
     the requested file.

     The terminal interrupt key	sequence is ignored when ftp has completed any
     local processing and is awaiting a	reply from the remote server.  A long
     delay in this mode	can result from	the ABOR processing described above or
     from unexpected behavior by the remote server, including violations of
     the FTP protocol.	If the delay results from unexpected remote server
     behavior, the local ftp program must be killed by hand.

FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS    [Toc]    [Back]

     Files specified as	arguments to ftp commands are processed	according to
     the following rules.

     1.	 If the	filename - is specified, the stdin (for	reading) or stdout
	 (for writing) is used.

     2.	 If the	first character	of the filename	is |, the remainder of the
	 argument is interpreted as a shell command.  ftp then forks a shell,
	 using popen(3S) with the argument supplied, and reads (writes)	from
	 the stdout (stdin).  If the shell command includes spaces, the
	 argument must be quoted; for example, "| ls -lt".  A particularly
	 useful	example	of this	mechanism is: dir | more.

     3.	 Failing the above checks, if globbing is enabled, local filenames are
	 expanded according to the rules used in the csh(1) glob command.  If
	 the ftp command expects a single local	file (for example, put), only
	 the first filename generated by the globbing operation	is used.






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     4.	 For mget commands and get commands with unspecified local filenames,
	 the local filename is the remote filename, which can be altered by a
	 case, ntrans, or nmap setting.	 The resulting filename	can then be
	 altered if runique is on.

     5.	 For mput commands and put commands with unspecified remote filenames,
	 the remote filename is	the local filename, which can be altered by a
	 ntrans	or nmap	setting.  The resulting	filename can then be altered
	 by the	remote server if sunique is on.

FILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS    [Toc]    [Back]

     The FTP specification specifies many parameters that can affect a file
     transfer.	The type can be	one of ascii, image (binary), ebcdic, and
     local byte	size (for PDP-10's and PDP-20's	mostly).  ftp supports the
     ascii and image types of file transfer, plus local	byte size 8 for	tenex
     mode transfers.

     ftp supports only the default values for the remaining file transfer
     parameters:  mode,	form, and struct.

OPTIONS    [Toc]    [Back]

     Options can be specified at the shell command line.  Several options can
     be	enabled	or disabled with ftp commands.

     -v	  (verbose on) Forces ftp to show all responses	from the remote
	  server, as well as report on data transfer statistics.

     -p	  Use passive mode for data transfer. (The default is to use active
	  mode for data	transfer.)

     -n	  Restrains ftp	from attempting	auto-login upon	initial	connection.
	  If auto-login	is enabled, ftp	checks the .netrc file (see below) in
	  the user's home directory for	an entry describing an account on the
	  remote machine.  If no entry exists, ftp prompts for the remote
	  machine login	name (default is the user identity on the local
	  machine), and, if necessary, prompt for a password and an account
	  with which to	login.

     -i	  Turns	off interactive	prompting during multiple file transfers.

     -d	  Enables debugging.

     -g	  Disables filename globbing.

     -t	  Enables packet tracing (currently unimplemented).

THE .NETRC FILE    [Toc]    [Back]

     The .netrc	file contains login and	initialization information used	by the
     auto-login	process.  It resides in	the user's home	directory.  The
     following tokens are recognized; they can be separated by spaces, tabs,
     or	newlines:




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     machine name      Identify	a remote machine name.	The auto-login process
		       searches	the .netrc file	for a machine token that
		       matches the remote machine specified on the ftp command
		       line or as an open command argument.  Once a match is
		       made, the subsequent .netrc tokens are processed,
		       stopping	when the end of	file is	reached	or another
		       machine or a default token is encountered.

     default	       This is the same	as machine name	except that default
		       matches any name.  There	can be only one	default	token,
		       and it must be after all	machine	tokens.	 This is
		       normally	used as:

			    default login anonymous password user@site

		       thereby giving the user automatic anonymous ftp login
		       to machines not specified in .netrc.  This can be
		       overridden by using the -n flag to disable auto-login.

     login name	       Identify	a user on the remote machine.  If this token
		       is present, the auto-login process initiates a login
		       using the specified name.

     password string   Supply a	password.  If this token is present, the
		       auto-login process supplies the specified string	if the
		       remote server requires a	password as part of the	login
		       process.	 Note that if this token is present in the
		       .netrc file for any user	other than anonymous, ftp
		       aborts the auto-login process if	the .netrc is
		       accessible by anyone besides the	user (see below	for
		       the proper protection mode.)

     account string    Supply an additional account password.  If this token
		       is present, the auto-login process supplies the
		       specified string	if the remote server requires an
		       additional account password, or the auto-login process
		       initiates an ACCT command if it does not.  Note that if
		       this token is present in	the .netrc file, ftp aborts
		       the auto-login process if the .netrc is accessible by
		       anyone besides the user (see below for the proper
		       protection mode).

     macdef name       Define a	macro.	This token functions like the ftp
		       macdef command functions.  A macro is defined with the
		       specified name; its contents begin with the next	.netrc
		       line and	continue until a null line (consecutive
		       newline characters) is encountered.  If a macro named
		       init is defined,	it is automatically executed as	the
		       last step in the	auto-login process.






								       Page 12






ftp(1C)								       ftp(1C)



     The error message

	  Error: .netrc	file is	readable by others.

     means the file is ignored by ftp because the file's password and/or
     account information is unprotected.  Use

	  chmod	go-rwx .netrc

     to	protect	the file.

     N.B. Since	commas are used	as field delimiters, it	is not currently
     possible to use them in fields, such as in	a password.

SEE ALSO    [Toc]    [Back]

      
      
     ftpd(1M).

BUGS    [Toc]    [Back]

     Correct execution of many commands	depends	upon proper behavior by	the
     remote server.

     An	error in the treatment of carriage returns in the 4.2BSD UNIX asciimode
 transfer code	has been corrected.  This correction may result	in
     incorrect transfers of binary files to and	from 4.2BSD servers using the
     ascii type.  Avoid	this problem by	using the binary image type.

     The 'direct' and 'win' commands are experimental, and may be obsoleted in
     a future release.

     Using 'direct' or 'win' does not work in conjunction with 'hash'.


								       PPPPaaaaggggeeee 11113333
[ Back ]
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