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getc(3)

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NAME    [Toc]    [Back]

       getc,  fgetc,  getc_unlocked,  getchar,  getchar_unlocked,
       getw - Get a byte or word from an input stream

SYNOPSIS    [Toc]    [Back]

       #include <stdio.h>

       int getc(
               FILE *stream ); int fgetc(
               FILE *stream ); int getc_unlocked(
               FILE *stream ); int getchar(
               void ); int getchar_unlocked(
               void ); int getw(
               FILE *stream );

LIBRARY    [Toc]    [Back]

       Standard C Library (libc)

STANDARDS    [Toc]    [Back]

       Interfaces documented on this reference  page  conform  to
       industry standards as follows:

       fgetc(),       getc_unlocked,      getc(),      getchar(),
       getchar_unlocked, getw(): XSH5.0

       Refer to the standards(5) reference page for more information
 about industry standards and associated tags.

PARAMETERS    [Toc]    [Back]

       Points to the file structure of an open file.

DESCRIPTION    [Toc]    [Back]

       The  getc()  function returns the next byte from the input
       specified by the  stream  parameter  and  moves  the  file
       pointer,  if defined, ahead one byte in stream. The getc()
       function may be a macro (depending on compile-time definitions).
  See the NOTES section for more information.

       The fgetc() function performs the same function as getc().

       The getchar() function returns the next byte  from  stdin,
       the standard input stream. Note that getchar() can also be
       a macro.

       [Tru64 UNIX]  The reentrant versions  of  these  functions
       are  all  locked  against  multiple  threads  calling them
       simultaneously. This will  incur  an  overhead  to  ensure
       integrity  of  the  stream. The unlocked versions of these
       calls, getc_unlocked() and getchar_unlocked() may be  used
       to   avoid   the   overhead.   The   getc_unlocked()   and
       getchar_unlocked() functions are functionally identical to
       the   getc()   and   getchar()   functions,   except  that
       getc_unlocked() and getchar_unlocked() may be safely  used
       only  within  a scope that is protected by the flockfile()
       and funlockfile() functions used as a  pair.   The  caller
       must  ensure  that the stream is locked before these functions
 are used. The getc()  and  getchar()  functions  can
       also be macros.

       The  getw()  function  reads  the next word (int) from the
       stream. The size of a word is the size of  an  int,  which
       may  vary  from  one  machine architecture to another. The
       getw() function returns the constant EOF at the end of the
       file or when an error occurs. Since EOF is a valid integer
       value, the feof() and ferror() functions can  be  used  to
       check  the  success of getw(). The getw() function assumes
       no special alignment in the file.

       Because of possible differences in  int  length  and  byte
       ordering  from  one machine architecture to another, files
       written using the putw() subroutine are machine  dependent
       and  may  not be readable using getw() on a different type
       of processor.

NOTES    [Toc]    [Back]

       The getc() and getchar() functions may be macros  (depending
  on  the compile-time definitions used in the source).
       Consequently, you cannot  use  these  interfaces  where  a
       function  is  necessary; for example, a subroutine pointer
       cannot point to one of  these  interfaces.   In  addition,
       getc()  does  not  work  correctly with a stream parameter
       that has side effects. In particular, the  following  does
       not work:

           getc(*f++)

       In  cases like this one, use the fgetc() function instead.

RETURN VALUES    [Toc]    [Back]

       Upon successful completion,  these  functions  and  macros
       return the next byte or word from the input stream. If the
       stream is at end-of-file, the  end-of-file  indicator  for
       the  stream  is  set  and  the  integer  constant  EOF  is
       returned. If a read error occurs, the error indicator  for
       the  stream  is  set, EOF is returned, and errno is set to
       indicate the error.

       Because the EOF return is used to signal both a successful
       completion  and  an  error  (accompanied  by errno), it is
       incumbent on the user to clear any pre-existing errno values
 before invoking these functions.

ERRORS    [Toc]    [Back]

       The    fgetc(),    getc(),   getc_unlocked(),   getchar(),
       getchar_unlocked(), and getw() functions set errno to  the
       specified  value  for the following conditions: The O_NONBLOCK
 option is set for the underlying stream and the process
  would  be  delayed  by the read operation.  The file
       descriptor underlying the  stream  is  not  a  valid  file
       descriptor or is not open for reading.  The read operation
       was interrupted by a signal which was caught and  no  data
       was  transferred.  The call is attempting to read from the
       process's controlling terminal and either the  process  is
       ignoring  or  blocking  the  SIGTTIN signal or the process
       group is orphaned.

              A physical I/O error has occurred. (This  condition
              was defined for Issue 4 Version 2 and higher issues
              of the XSH specification.)  Insufficient memory  is
              available for the operation.  The device associated
              with stream does not exist.







SEE ALSO    [Toc]    [Back]

      
      
       Functions:    flockfile(3),    funlockfile(3),    gets(3),
       getwc(3), putc(3)

       Standards: standards(5)



                                                          getc(3)
[ Back ]
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