SCSI, CAM -- CAM SCSI subsystem
device scbus
device cd
device ch
device da
device pass
device pt
device sa
device ch
options CAMDEBUG
options CAM_DEBUG_BUS=-1
options CAM_DEBUG_TARGET=-1
options CAM_DEBUG_LUN=-1
options CAM_DEBUG_FLAGS=CAM_DEBUG_INFO|CAM_DEBUG_CDB
options CAM_MAX_HIGHPOWER=4
options SCSI_NO_SENSE_STRINGS
options SCSI_NO_OP_STRINGS
options SCSI_DELAY=8000
The CAM SCSI subsystem provides a uniform and modular system for the
implementation of drivers to control various SCSI devices, and to utilize
different SCSI host adapters through host adapter drivers. When the system
probes the SCSI busses, it attaches any devices it finds to the
appropriate drivers. The pass(4) driver, if it is configured in the kernel,
will attach to all SCSI devices.
There are a number of generic kernel configuration options for the CAM
SCSI subsystem:
CAMDEBUG This option enables the CAM debugging printf code.
This won't actually cause any debugging information
to be printed out when included by itself.
Enabling printouts requires additional configuration.
See below for details.
CAM_MAX_HIGHPOWER=4 This sets the maximum allowable number of concurrent
"high power" commands. A "high power" command
is a command that takes more electrical power
than most to complete. An example of this (and
the only command currently tagged as "high power")
is the SCSI START UNIT command. Starting a SCSI
disk often takes significantly more electrical
power than normal operation of the disk. This
option allows the user to specify how many concurrent
high power commands may be outstanding without
overloading the power supply on his computer.
SCSI_NO_SENSE_STRINGS This eliminates text descriptions of each SCSI
Additional Sense Code and Additional Sense Code
Qualifier pair. Since this is a fairly large text
database, eliminating it reduces the size of the
kernel somewhat. This is primarily necessary for
boot floppies and other low disk space or low memory
space environments. In most cases, though,
this should be enabled, since it speeds the interpretation
of SCSI error messages. Don't let the
"kernel bloat" zealots get to you -- leave the
sense descriptions in your kernel!
SCSI_NO_OP_STRINGS This disables text descriptions of each SCSI
opcode. This option, like the sense string option
above, is primarily useful for environments like a
boot floppy where kernel size is critical.
Enabling this option for normal use isn't recommended,
since it slows debugging of SCSI problems.
SCSI_DELAY=8000 This is the SCSI "bus settle delay." In CAM, it
is specified in milliseconds, not seconds like the
old SCSI layer used to do. When the kernel boots,
it sends a bus reset to each SCSI bus to tell each
device to reset itself to a default set of transfer
negotiations and other settings. Most SCSI
devices need some amount of time to recover from a
bus reset. Newer disks may need as little as
100ms, while old, slow devices may need much
longer. If the SCSI_DELAY isn't specified, it
defaults to 2 seconds. The minimum allowable
value for SCSI_DELAY is "100", or 100ms. One special
case is that if the SCSI_DELAY is set to 0,
that will be taken to mean the "lowest possible
value." In that case, the SCSI_DELAY will be
reset to 100ms.
All devices and the SCSI busses support boot time allocation so that an
upper number of devices and controllers does not need to be configured;
device da0 will suffice for any number of disk drivers.
The devices are either wired so they appear as a particular device unit
or counted so that they appear as the next available unused unit.
To configure a driver in the kernel without wiring down the device use a
config line similar to device ch0 to include the changer driver.
To wire down a unit use a config line similar to device ch1 at scbus0
target 4 unit 0 to assign changer 1 as the changer with SCSI ID 4, SCSI
logical unit 0 on SCSI bus 0. Individual scbuses can be wired down to
specific controllers with a config line similar to device scbus0 at ahc0
which assigns scsi bus 0 to the first unit using the ahc driver. For
controllers supporting more than one bus, the particular bus can be specified
as in device scbus3 at ahc1 bus 1 which assigns scbus 1 to the second
bus probed on the ahc1 device.
When you have a mixture of wired down and counted devices then the counting
begins with the first non-wired down unit for a particular type.
That is, if you have a disk wired down as device da1, then the first nonwired
disk shall come on line as da2.
The system allows common device drivers to work through many different
types of adapters. The adapters take requests from the upper layers and
do all IO between the SCSI bus and the system. The maximum size of a
transfer is governed by the adapter. Most adapters can transfer 64KB in
a single operation, however many can transfer larger amounts.
Some adapters support target mode in which the system is capable of operating
as a device, responding to operations initiated by another system.
Target mode is supported for some adapters, but is not yet complete for
this version of the CAM SCSI subsystem.
see other scsi device entries.
When the kernel is compiled with options CAMDEBUG, an XPT_DEBUG CCB can
be used to enable various amounts of tracing information on any specific
device. Devices not being traced will not produce trace information.
There are currently four debugging flags that may be turned on:
CAM_DEBUG_INFO This debugging flag enables general informational
printfs for the device or devices in question.
CAM_DEBUG_TRACE This debugging flag enables function-level command
flow tracing. i.e. kernel printfs will happen at the
entrance and exit of various functions.
CAM_DEBUG_SUBTRACE This debugging flag enables debugging output internal
to various functions.
CAM_DEBUG_CDB This debugging flag will cause the kernel to print
out all SCSI commands sent to a particular device or
devices.
Some of these flags, most notably CAM_DEBUG_TRACE and CAM_DEBUG_SUBTRACE
will produce kernel printfs in EXTREME numbers, and because of that, they
aren't especially useful. There aren't many things logged at the
CAM_DEBUG_INFO level, so it isn't especially useful. The most useful
debugging flag is the CAM_DEBUG_CDB flag. Users can enable debugging
from their kernel config file, by using the following kernel config
options:
CAMDEBUG This enables CAM debugging. Without this option, users
will not even be able to turn on debugging from userland
via camcontrol(8).
CAM_DEBUG_FLAGS This allows the user to set the various debugging flags
described above in a kernel config file. Flags may be
ORed together if the user wishes to see printfs for
multiple debugging levels.
CAM_DEBUG_BUS Specify a bus to debug. To debug all busses, set this
to -1.
CAM_DEBUG_TARGET Specify a target to debug. To debug all targets, set
this to -1.
CAM_DEBUG_LUN Specify a lun to debug. To debug all luns, set this to
-1.
When specifying a bus, target or lun to debug, you MUST specify all three
bus/target/lun options above. Using wildcards, you should be able to
enable debugging on most anything.
Users may also enable debugging printfs on the fly, if the CAMDEBUG
option is their config file, by using the camcontrol(8) utility. See
camcontrol(8) for details.
aha(4), ahb(4), ahc(4), bt(4), cd(4), ch(4), da(4), pass(4), pt(4),
sa(4), xpt(4), camcontrol(8)
The CAM SCSI subsystem first appeared in FreeBSD 3.0.
The CAM SCSI subsystem was written by Justin Gibbs and Kenneth Merry.
FreeBSD 5.2.1 October 15, 1998 FreeBSD 5.2.1 [ Back ] |
